内隐自尊对攻击性线索注意加工偏向的影响
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摘要
近年来,对人类攻击性行为根源的探讨再度引起研究者的关注。目前有关攻击性的研究主要集中在两个方面:其一是关于对攻击性刺激的认知加工研究,许多研究考察了个体的内在状态对攻击性相关线索加工过程的影响。其二是影响攻击性行为的人格因素的研究。当前研究较多且争论较大的问题主要集中于特质自尊与攻击性行为的关系问题。虽然他尊概念的引入有助于缓和高自尊者更具攻击性还是低自尊者更具攻击性的分歧,但以往研究关注的主题主要是外显自尊与攻击性行为的关系,且研究方法主要限于基于心理测量原理的问卷调查。此外,有关自尊本身的探讨已由外显层面转向内隐层面,且大量研究显示,外显自尊与内隐自尊是彼此独立的建构,因此单纯基于问卷法从外显层面探讨特质自尊与攻击行为关系可能难以深入理解作为人格特质的自尊对攻击行为的影响机制。
基于此,本研究拟采用认知实验任务通过两个实验考察内隐自尊对个体对攻击性线索认知加工过程的影响。其中,实验一采用情绪Stroop任务考察高/低内隐自尊者对攻击性线索的注意加工特性;实验二采用冲突条件下的分离式Stroop任务考察高/低内隐自尊者对攻击性线索的前注意加工特点。研究获得以下主要结论:
(1)相对于高内隐能力感/喜爱感被试,与中性线索相比,低内隐能力感/喜爱感被试对攻击性线索存在显著的注意偏向。
(2)相对于高内隐能力感/喜爱感被试,与中性线索相比,低内隐能力感/喜爱感被试并未表现出对攻击性线索的前注意偏向。
The exploration of human aggressive behaviors' roots had drawn the researchers' interest again. Currently, the study on aggression focused on two aspects: one was on cognitive processes for aggressive stimulus and many researches studied the effects of personal inner state on processing aggressive cues. The other was on the influence factors of aggressive behaviors. At present, the more controversial question focused on the relationship between self-esteem and aggressive behavior. Although we could import other-esteem to mitigate the argue, the foregoing mian subject was the relation of explicit self-esteem and aggressive behavior as were as the primary method was questionnaire. Further, studies on self-esteem had changed from explicit to implicit and lots of researches showed that explicit self-esteem was independent from implicit self-esteem. Therefore, It's hard to get deep understanding of influence mechanism of self-esteem on aggressive behaviors only by exploring the relationshio between explicit self-esteem and aggressive behavior which is basing questionnaire.
In the present study, two experiments were conducted to explore the effects of implicit self-esteem on processing aggressive cues. The first experiment employed emotional stroop pattern to look into characteristics of attentional bias to aggressive cues of high or low implicit self-esteem. The second experiment used separated version of the classic color stroop task to study the characteristics of preattentional bias to aggressive cues of high or low implicit self-esteem. The main results are listed as follows:
(1)In contrast to the subjects with high implicit capability or liking, subjects with low implicit capability or liking showed significant attentional bias toward aggressive cues.
(2)In contrast to the subjects with high implicit capability or liking, subjects with low implicit capability or liking showed significant preattentional bias toward aggressive cues.
基于此,本研究拟采用认知实验任务通过两个实验考察内隐自尊对个体对攻击性线索认知加工过程的影响。其中,实验一采用情绪Stroop任务考察高/低内隐自尊者对攻击性线索的注意加工特性;实验二采用冲突条件下的分离式Stroop任务考察高/低内隐自尊者对攻击性线索的前注意加工特点。研究获得以下主要结论:
(1)相对于高内隐能力感/喜爱感被试,与中性线索相比,低内隐能力感/喜爱感被试对攻击性线索存在显著的注意偏向。
(2)相对于高内隐能力感/喜爱感被试,与中性线索相比,低内隐能力感/喜爱感被试并未表现出对攻击性线索的前注意偏向。
The exploration of human aggressive behaviors' roots had drawn the researchers' interest again. Currently, the study on aggression focused on two aspects: one was on cognitive processes for aggressive stimulus and many researches studied the effects of personal inner state on processing aggressive cues. The other was on the influence factors of aggressive behaviors. At present, the more controversial question focused on the relationship between self-esteem and aggressive behavior. Although we could import other-esteem to mitigate the argue, the foregoing mian subject was the relation of explicit self-esteem and aggressive behavior as were as the primary method was questionnaire. Further, studies on self-esteem had changed from explicit to implicit and lots of researches showed that explicit self-esteem was independent from implicit self-esteem. Therefore, It's hard to get deep understanding of influence mechanism of self-esteem on aggressive behaviors only by exploring the relationshio between explicit self-esteem and aggressive behavior which is basing questionnaire.
In the present study, two experiments were conducted to explore the effects of implicit self-esteem on processing aggressive cues. The first experiment employed emotional stroop pattern to look into characteristics of attentional bias to aggressive cues of high or low implicit self-esteem. The second experiment used separated version of the classic color stroop task to study the characteristics of preattentional bias to aggressive cues of high or low implicit self-esteem. The main results are listed as follows:
(1)In contrast to the subjects with high implicit capability or liking, subjects with low implicit capability or liking showed significant attentional bias toward aggressive cues.
(2)In contrast to the subjects with high implicit capability or liking, subjects with low implicit capability or liking showed significant preattentional bias toward aggressive cues.
引文
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