阻尼减振技术在舰船典型设备安装基座中的应用研究
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摘要
军用舰船的隐身性是衡量舰船性能的主要指标,直接影响其攻击能力和防御的能力。舰船的声隐身性主要取决于舰船辐射的噪声。研究表明舰船噪声主要由船上设备的振动产生。舰船的回转机械在运转时产生振动,这种振动通过设备基座传到甲板,引起整船的振动,从而产生噪音,破坏舰船的隐身性。因此对基座进行隔振,能有效降低舰船的噪声,提高舰船的声隐身性。目前,国内对机械设备的振动影响控制采取的主要手段是采用隔振设备,利用隔振器的设计降低振动传递率。但阻尼减振已成为前沿课题。本文讨论采用敷设阻尼的方法对舰上典型设备基座进行减振降噪控制的研究。
本文根据实际基座结构通过有限元方法建立模型,并通过模态计算及静力学分析计算确定基座-甲板的等效结构尺寸。设计出基座-甲板结构,使该实验结构能够反映出设备基座真实的工作状态及振动模态。
利用该实验结构进行基座无阻尼结构频响函数测试,并将测试的响应结果与有限元谐响应计算结果做对比,根据固有频率及振动幅值的不同,修正有限元结构的参数,确定与实验结构刚度等相符合有限元模型,用于后期有限元仿真计算。
从分析阻尼结构的减振机理入手,研究了自由阻尼、约束阻尼的减振机理及对其减振效果的影响因素。研究了阻尼敷设在悬臂梁结构时,其结构参数对减振效果的主要影响,并以此为基础,根据模态应变能理论,通过有限元方法仿真不同的阻尼形式、阻尼厚度比、阻尼弹性模量比及阻尼的敷设位置等对该舰用设备基座等效结构的阻尼减振效果的影响。
为了验证阻尼减振效果,利用实验基座结构分别测试无阻尼结构、自由阻尼结构、约束阻尼结构及局部阻尼等情况下的频响函数。通过对实验结果的对比分析得出当敷设不同阻尼结构后在相同输入激振力下,其输出响应要小于不敷设阻尼的情况,尤其在中高频段其减振效果尤为明显。
通过理论分析和实验对比分析可以看出当采用阻尼结构进行减振时,其减振效果良好,并且阻尼减振结构附加质量小,适用于航天、航海领域。
Acoustic Stealth is an important indicator to ships.Mechanical vibration is the main source of the noise on ship when the equipments are on work. If the noise of the structure radiates into the air, it will become air noise , if it radiates into the water ,it will come into being the underwater noise, which will let the performance of the noise stealth down.
This kind of vibration will make people discomfortable in particular to the civilian vessels and it will make damage to the people who work on the ship. In addition, acceleration generated by the vibration may make the precision equipments lose effectiveness.To military ships, the vibration and noise caused by the rotating equipment will lead to the self-betrayal and make themselves to be attacked.At present , The main means of Controlling the influence of vibration is using Isolation equipment internal.However, damping vibration attenuation has became frontier research topic.
They can let the transmissibility down by designing the structure of isolation equipment.In this paper, I will make it by laying damping. A finite elements model is built according to the base.The structure of base-deck is determined after model analysis and statics analysis in ANSYS .the equivalent model needs to reflect the real condition.
Take the frequency response measurement and compare with simulation results, the parameters is modified according to the differences of the frequence and amplitude.At last ,a model is set up which is used to later calculation.
Research on the mechanism of vibration reduction of free damping and constrained damping. Find out which structural parameters of the damping play the most important role to loss factor.Do calculation by finite element method to study on how to set the parameters the structure can get the most effective effect on controlling the vibration.
Testing the vibration acceleration signals when the structure is laid by different laying type,different thickness of damping and different location of damping .We can get the result by comparing the data of the experiments that after laying damping ,the response is released which proved that the vibration is controlled.
Damping structure adds small mass to the basement and the effect of controlling vibration is significant.In a word,the damping structure is applicable to space field and navigation field.
本文根据实际基座结构通过有限元方法建立模型,并通过模态计算及静力学分析计算确定基座-甲板的等效结构尺寸。设计出基座-甲板结构,使该实验结构能够反映出设备基座真实的工作状态及振动模态。
利用该实验结构进行基座无阻尼结构频响函数测试,并将测试的响应结果与有限元谐响应计算结果做对比,根据固有频率及振动幅值的不同,修正有限元结构的参数,确定与实验结构刚度等相符合有限元模型,用于后期有限元仿真计算。
从分析阻尼结构的减振机理入手,研究了自由阻尼、约束阻尼的减振机理及对其减振效果的影响因素。研究了阻尼敷设在悬臂梁结构时,其结构参数对减振效果的主要影响,并以此为基础,根据模态应变能理论,通过有限元方法仿真不同的阻尼形式、阻尼厚度比、阻尼弹性模量比及阻尼的敷设位置等对该舰用设备基座等效结构的阻尼减振效果的影响。
为了验证阻尼减振效果,利用实验基座结构分别测试无阻尼结构、自由阻尼结构、约束阻尼结构及局部阻尼等情况下的频响函数。通过对实验结果的对比分析得出当敷设不同阻尼结构后在相同输入激振力下,其输出响应要小于不敷设阻尼的情况,尤其在中高频段其减振效果尤为明显。
通过理论分析和实验对比分析可以看出当采用阻尼结构进行减振时,其减振效果良好,并且阻尼减振结构附加质量小,适用于航天、航海领域。
Acoustic Stealth is an important indicator to ships.Mechanical vibration is the main source of the noise on ship when the equipments are on work. If the noise of the structure radiates into the air, it will become air noise , if it radiates into the water ,it will come into being the underwater noise, which will let the performance of the noise stealth down.
This kind of vibration will make people discomfortable in particular to the civilian vessels and it will make damage to the people who work on the ship. In addition, acceleration generated by the vibration may make the precision equipments lose effectiveness.To military ships, the vibration and noise caused by the rotating equipment will lead to the self-betrayal and make themselves to be attacked.At present , The main means of Controlling the influence of vibration is using Isolation equipment internal.However, damping vibration attenuation has became frontier research topic.
They can let the transmissibility down by designing the structure of isolation equipment.In this paper, I will make it by laying damping. A finite elements model is built according to the base.The structure of base-deck is determined after model analysis and statics analysis in ANSYS .the equivalent model needs to reflect the real condition.
Take the frequency response measurement and compare with simulation results, the parameters is modified according to the differences of the frequence and amplitude.At last ,a model is set up which is used to later calculation.
Research on the mechanism of vibration reduction of free damping and constrained damping. Find out which structural parameters of the damping play the most important role to loss factor.Do calculation by finite element method to study on how to set the parameters the structure can get the most effective effect on controlling the vibration.
Testing the vibration acceleration signals when the structure is laid by different laying type,different thickness of damping and different location of damping .We can get the result by comparing the data of the experiments that after laying damping ,the response is released which proved that the vibration is controlled.
Damping structure adds small mass to the basement and the effect of controlling vibration is significant.In a word,the damping structure is applicable to space field and navigation field.
引文
1阮振华.高性能船舶发展及对策.船舶. 2001,(4) :6~15
2朱石坚,何琳.船舶机械振动控制.国防工业出版社. 2006: 2~3
3陈双桥,蒋学武.舰船机械设备减振器安装位置对隔振效果的影响.跨世纪. 2008, 5(6) :3~6
4韦璇,马玉璞等.舰船声隐身技术和材料的发展现状与展望.舰船科学技术. 2006,(6): 22~28
5殷玉梅.船舶振动方法的建模与仿真.大连理工大学硕士学位论文. 2007:6~9
6王显正,赵德有,孙超等.船舶总振动固有频率实用算法.中国舰船研究. 2007,(1):56~58
7张玉峰.阻尼在降噪技术中的应用.机械工程. 1987,(5) :10~14
8孙建益,李公法,侯宇等.潜艇振动噪声的控制研究.噪声与振动控制. 2006,(5) :1~4
9冯志鹏,宋希庚等.旋转机械振动故障诊断技术进展综述. 2001,(4) :36~39
10梁子冀,尚国清.舰船隔振系统设计参数对辐射噪声影响关系的研究.噪声与振动控制. 2007,(5): 21~23
11赵成,陈大跃.潜艇浮阀隔振系统的控制研究.中国机械工程. 2008,(3) : 7~8
12 B. C Nakra. Structural Dynamic Modification Using Additive Damping. Sadhana. 2000,25(3):277~289
13张希农.可控约束阻尼层及其在航天结构中的应用.西安交通大学博士学位论文. 1998:1~20
14文功启,吴卫国,王发祥.高速船结构噪声阻尼被动控制.交通科技. 2002,(1): 4~6
15 Luciano Afonso da Silva .Internal Variable and Temperature Modeling Behavior of Viscoelastic Structures– A Control Analysis.Doctor of Philosophy.Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2003: 19~20
16刘天雄,石银明等.主动约束层阻尼振动控制技术现状及展望.振动与冲击. 2000, 20(2):4~6
17杜海平,石银明等.主动约束层阻尼振动控制研究进展.力学进展. 2001,31(4): 30~35
18李亦东,于翘.阻尼结构与高聚物阻尼材料.材料科学与工程. 1999,13(3):1~12
19张少辉,陈华玲.共固化复合材料粘弹性阻尼结构的损耗因子研究.航空材料学报. 2005,25(1) : 54~58
20尹朝辉,曾汉民.阻尼材料的应用.化工新型材料. 2004,32(11) : 12~13
21 M.A.Trindade, A.Benjeddou, R.Ohayon. Modeling of Frequency-dependent Viscoelastic Materials for Active-Passive Vibration Damping. Transactions of ASME. 2000,122(5):170~174
22 Park C H, Baz A.Vibration Damping and Control Using Active Constrained Layer Damping. A Survey. The Shock and VibratioDigest.1999,31(5)
23张希农等.具有主动约束层阻尼板的振动杂交控制.应用数学和力学. 1998,19(12): 1035~1049
24 BAZ. Boundary Control of BeamsUsing Active Constrained Layer Damping. Vibration and Acoustic. Journal of Sound and Vibration .1997,119:166-172
25 J.A.Rongong, Etal. Modeling of a Hybrid Constrained Layer/Piezoceramic Approach to Active Damping . Vibration and Acoustics, 1997, (119) : 120~130
26 I Y.Shen. Hybrid damping through intelligent constrained layer treatments. ASME Vib &Acoust, 2000,116:341~349
27 Janet M. Biggerstaff. Vibrational Damping of Composite Materials. Doctor of Philosophy. University of California San Diego, 2006: 83~86
28 Carl L.Sisemore. A Study of Constrained Layer Viscoelastic Damping Treatments And Their Application To Flexible Mechanisms. Doctor of Philosophy. Tennessee Technological University, 2001: 20~21
29 V.Pradeep, N. Ganesan. Vibration behavior of ACLD treated beams under thermal environment. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2006: 1036~1045
30张希农.可控约束阻尼层及其在航天结构中的应用.西安交通大学博士学位论文. 1998:1~20
31王淼,方之楚.主动约束层阻尼部分覆盖圆柱壳耦合振动控制.应用力学学报.2005,22(4) :546~549
32陈建军,车建文,崔明涛,戴君,马洪波.结构动力优化设计评述与展望.力学进展. 2001,31(2):181~190
33蒋国岩,贾则,宋敬利.水下爆炸载荷作用下隔振系统与舰船结构的动态响应分析.科技创新导报. 2008,13:92~93
34徐洋,华宏星,张志谊.舰船主动隔振技术综述.舰船科学技术. 2008, (2) :33~38
35 Yi-Cheng Chen, Shyh-Chin Huang. An Optimal Placement of CLD Treatment for Vibration Suppression of Plates. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 2002,44: 1801~1821
36 Magnus Alvelid. Optimal position and shape of applied damping material. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2008,310: 947~955
37杨国旗,黄锦城,何光清.发动机机体的模态分析与减振研究.装备制造技术. 2008, 2:36~39
38侯东生等.机构振动动态模型的等效质量与等效刚度的确定.西北轻工业学院学报. 1997,3:29~32
39辛志杰,徐艳申,郭志全等.基于实验分析的机床结构有限元建模及其应用分析.机械强度. 2006,28(S1) : 5~8
40王飞,王燕辰,何晓峰.基于Labview的船舶机械振动检测系统设计.船舶机电. 2008,(4) : 28~32
41潘宁,杨书同,崔少波.电磁激振器的设计应用形式.山东电子. 1998,(1) :23~24
42傅志方.振动模态分析与参数辨识.应用力学学报. 1991,(1) :132~141
43陈庆华,奚德昌.在基础随机激励下阻尼夹心梁横向位移的减振效果.兵工学报. 1988,(3) :34~35
44周劲松,李大光,张洪,王黎明.运用频响函数分析机车车辆二系悬挂的减振性能.铁道车辆. 2007,(9) :44~48
45 H. Zheng, G. S.H.Pau, Y.Y.Wang. A comparative study on optimization of constrained layer damping treatment for structural vibration control. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2006, 44 :886~896
46陈建军,车建文,崔明涛,戴君,马洪波.结构动力优化设计评述与展望.力学进展. 2001,31(2):181~190
47 Yamaguchi. Damped vibration analysis using finite element method with approximated modal damping for automotive double walls with a porous material. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2009,325:437~439
48郭忠泽,罗景润,陈裕泽.约束阻尼结构的模态损耗因子计算的一种修正方法.兵工学报. 2006,(6) : 37~39
49 Baz A, Ro J.Vibration Control of Rotating Beamwith Active Con-strained Layer Damping. First Workshop on Smart Structures .University of Texas,Arlington,Tx. 1993: 14~16
50 L. Cheng, R. Lapointe. Analysis of sandwich beams and plates with viscoelastic cores. Doctor of Philosophy. Dissertation of University of Maryland. 2001,24~25
2朱石坚,何琳.船舶机械振动控制.国防工业出版社. 2006: 2~3
3陈双桥,蒋学武.舰船机械设备减振器安装位置对隔振效果的影响.跨世纪. 2008, 5(6) :3~6
4韦璇,马玉璞等.舰船声隐身技术和材料的发展现状与展望.舰船科学技术. 2006,(6): 22~28
5殷玉梅.船舶振动方法的建模与仿真.大连理工大学硕士学位论文. 2007:6~9
6王显正,赵德有,孙超等.船舶总振动固有频率实用算法.中国舰船研究. 2007,(1):56~58
7张玉峰.阻尼在降噪技术中的应用.机械工程. 1987,(5) :10~14
8孙建益,李公法,侯宇等.潜艇振动噪声的控制研究.噪声与振动控制. 2006,(5) :1~4
9冯志鹏,宋希庚等.旋转机械振动故障诊断技术进展综述. 2001,(4) :36~39
10梁子冀,尚国清.舰船隔振系统设计参数对辐射噪声影响关系的研究.噪声与振动控制. 2007,(5): 21~23
11赵成,陈大跃.潜艇浮阀隔振系统的控制研究.中国机械工程. 2008,(3) : 7~8
12 B. C Nakra. Structural Dynamic Modification Using Additive Damping. Sadhana. 2000,25(3):277~289
13张希农.可控约束阻尼层及其在航天结构中的应用.西安交通大学博士学位论文. 1998:1~20
14文功启,吴卫国,王发祥.高速船结构噪声阻尼被动控制.交通科技. 2002,(1): 4~6
15 Luciano Afonso da Silva .Internal Variable and Temperature Modeling Behavior of Viscoelastic Structures– A Control Analysis.Doctor of Philosophy.Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2003: 19~20
16刘天雄,石银明等.主动约束层阻尼振动控制技术现状及展望.振动与冲击. 2000, 20(2):4~6
17杜海平,石银明等.主动约束层阻尼振动控制研究进展.力学进展. 2001,31(4): 30~35
18李亦东,于翘.阻尼结构与高聚物阻尼材料.材料科学与工程. 1999,13(3):1~12
19张少辉,陈华玲.共固化复合材料粘弹性阻尼结构的损耗因子研究.航空材料学报. 2005,25(1) : 54~58
20尹朝辉,曾汉民.阻尼材料的应用.化工新型材料. 2004,32(11) : 12~13
21 M.A.Trindade, A.Benjeddou, R.Ohayon. Modeling of Frequency-dependent Viscoelastic Materials for Active-Passive Vibration Damping. Transactions of ASME. 2000,122(5):170~174
22 Park C H, Baz A.Vibration Damping and Control Using Active Constrained Layer Damping. A Survey. The Shock and VibratioDigest.1999,31(5)
23张希农等.具有主动约束层阻尼板的振动杂交控制.应用数学和力学. 1998,19(12): 1035~1049
24 BAZ. Boundary Control of BeamsUsing Active Constrained Layer Damping. Vibration and Acoustic. Journal of Sound and Vibration .1997,119:166-172
25 J.A.Rongong, Etal. Modeling of a Hybrid Constrained Layer/Piezoceramic Approach to Active Damping . Vibration and Acoustics, 1997, (119) : 120~130
26 I Y.Shen. Hybrid damping through intelligent constrained layer treatments. ASME Vib &Acoust, 2000,116:341~349
27 Janet M. Biggerstaff. Vibrational Damping of Composite Materials. Doctor of Philosophy. University of California San Diego, 2006: 83~86
28 Carl L.Sisemore. A Study of Constrained Layer Viscoelastic Damping Treatments And Their Application To Flexible Mechanisms. Doctor of Philosophy. Tennessee Technological University, 2001: 20~21
29 V.Pradeep, N. Ganesan. Vibration behavior of ACLD treated beams under thermal environment. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2006: 1036~1045
30张希农.可控约束阻尼层及其在航天结构中的应用.西安交通大学博士学位论文. 1998:1~20
31王淼,方之楚.主动约束层阻尼部分覆盖圆柱壳耦合振动控制.应用力学学报.2005,22(4) :546~549
32陈建军,车建文,崔明涛,戴君,马洪波.结构动力优化设计评述与展望.力学进展. 2001,31(2):181~190
33蒋国岩,贾则,宋敬利.水下爆炸载荷作用下隔振系统与舰船结构的动态响应分析.科技创新导报. 2008,13:92~93
34徐洋,华宏星,张志谊.舰船主动隔振技术综述.舰船科学技术. 2008, (2) :33~38
35 Yi-Cheng Chen, Shyh-Chin Huang. An Optimal Placement of CLD Treatment for Vibration Suppression of Plates. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 2002,44: 1801~1821
36 Magnus Alvelid. Optimal position and shape of applied damping material. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2008,310: 947~955
37杨国旗,黄锦城,何光清.发动机机体的模态分析与减振研究.装备制造技术. 2008, 2:36~39
38侯东生等.机构振动动态模型的等效质量与等效刚度的确定.西北轻工业学院学报. 1997,3:29~32
39辛志杰,徐艳申,郭志全等.基于实验分析的机床结构有限元建模及其应用分析.机械强度. 2006,28(S1) : 5~8
40王飞,王燕辰,何晓峰.基于Labview的船舶机械振动检测系统设计.船舶机电. 2008,(4) : 28~32
41潘宁,杨书同,崔少波.电磁激振器的设计应用形式.山东电子. 1998,(1) :23~24
42傅志方.振动模态分析与参数辨识.应用力学学报. 1991,(1) :132~141
43陈庆华,奚德昌.在基础随机激励下阻尼夹心梁横向位移的减振效果.兵工学报. 1988,(3) :34~35
44周劲松,李大光,张洪,王黎明.运用频响函数分析机车车辆二系悬挂的减振性能.铁道车辆. 2007,(9) :44~48
45 H. Zheng, G. S.H.Pau, Y.Y.Wang. A comparative study on optimization of constrained layer damping treatment for structural vibration control. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2006, 44 :886~896
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