新型高性能圆极化微带天线的工程研究
摘要
微带天线以其体积小、重量轻、易共形、制造简单、易集成,以及加工成本低等优点受到广泛的关注。由于移动通信事业的迅猛发展,使得微带天线的双频工作、高增益、宽频带、圆极化和宽波束等技术成为国内外的研究热点。
本文对微带天线双频、圆极化、高增益、宽频带和宽波束技术作了一定的研究。分别设计了GSM/DCS双频圆极化微带天线、宽波束圆极化卫星电视接收天线阵和高增益宽频带圆极化微带天线阵。其中GSM/DCS双频圆极化微带天线的圆极化技术,是通过基于复合左右手传输线设计的双频Wilkinson功分器对微带贴片天线馈电实现圆极化；卫星电视接收天线阵宽波束技术是通过微带介质天线技术实现；高增益宽频带卫星电视接收天线阵是通过在Fabry-Perot谐振器反射盖板上加载FSS矩形贴片来实现的。利用电磁仿真软件HFSS分别对上述三种天线仿真,结果表明GSM/DCS双频圆极化微带天线较好地实现了双频和圆极化特性,但带宽窄,方向图恶化。宽波束圆极化卫星电视接收天线阵具有较好的反射特性、轴比特性和较宽的半功率波束宽度,基本满足设计要求,实物样品的测试结果与仿真结果吻合较好。高增益宽频带圆极化微带天线阵的相对阻抗带宽为18.5％,可用频段相对带宽达到9.5％,最大增益达19.3db,而且Fabry-Perot结构不影响轴比特性。
The Microstrip Antennas has gained widespread concern for its advantages of small size, light weight, conformal easiness, simple manufacturing, easy integration and low cost. As a result of rapid development of mobile communication, the technologies of dual-band, high gain, broadband, circular polarization and wide-beam have become a hot research topic all over the world.
In this paper, technologies of dual-band, circular polarization, high gain, broadband and wide-beam have been studied. A GSM/DCS dual-band circular polarization microstrip antenna, a wide-beam circular polarization antenna array of satellite television receivers and a high-gain broadband circular polarization microstrip antenna array have been respectively designed and investigated. The technology of circular polarization of GSM/DCS dual-band circular polarization microstrip antenna are realized by dual-band Wilkinson power divider which is based on the composite right/left-handed transmission line which functions as the feeding of the microstrip patch antenna. The wide-beam technology for the Satellite TV receiver antenna array is realized through microstrip dielectric antenna technology. The high-gain and broadband performances of Satellite TV receiver antenna array are realized by loading FSS rectangular patch on the reflection cover of Fabry-Perot resonator. HFSS was used to simulate above-mentioned three antennas. The results have indicated that the GSM/DCS dual-band circular polarization microstrip antenna has achieved good circular polarization and demonstrated dual-band characteristics, however, with narrow band and deteriorated pattern. The wide-beam circular polarization satellite TV receiver antenna array has a better reflection characteristic, its axial ratio and the half-power beam width can basically meet the design requirements, agreement can be observed between the measurement results of the prototype and the simulations results. High-gain broadband circular polarization microstrip antenna array has a relative impedance bandwidth of 18.5%, the relative bandwidth of available frequency range achieves 9.5%, and the highest gain is about 19.3db, and the configuration of Fabry-Perot does not affect the axial ratio.
本文对微带天线双频、圆极化、高增益、宽频带和宽波束技术作了一定的研究。分别设计了GSM/DCS双频圆极化微带天线、宽波束圆极化卫星电视接收天线阵和高增益宽频带圆极化微带天线阵。其中GSM/DCS双频圆极化微带天线的圆极化技术,是通过基于复合左右手传输线设计的双频Wilkinson功分器对微带贴片天线馈电实现圆极化；卫星电视接收天线阵宽波束技术是通过微带介质天线技术实现；高增益宽频带卫星电视接收天线阵是通过在Fabry-Perot谐振器反射盖板上加载FSS矩形贴片来实现的。利用电磁仿真软件HFSS分别对上述三种天线仿真,结果表明GSM/DCS双频圆极化微带天线较好地实现了双频和圆极化特性,但带宽窄,方向图恶化。宽波束圆极化卫星电视接收天线阵具有较好的反射特性、轴比特性和较宽的半功率波束宽度,基本满足设计要求,实物样品的测试结果与仿真结果吻合较好。高增益宽频带圆极化微带天线阵的相对阻抗带宽为18.5％,可用频段相对带宽达到9.5％,最大增益达19.3db,而且Fabry-Perot结构不影响轴比特性。
The Microstrip Antennas has gained widespread concern for its advantages of small size, light weight, conformal easiness, simple manufacturing, easy integration and low cost. As a result of rapid development of mobile communication, the technologies of dual-band, high gain, broadband, circular polarization and wide-beam have become a hot research topic all over the world.
In this paper, technologies of dual-band, circular polarization, high gain, broadband and wide-beam have been studied. A GSM/DCS dual-band circular polarization microstrip antenna, a wide-beam circular polarization antenna array of satellite television receivers and a high-gain broadband circular polarization microstrip antenna array have been respectively designed and investigated. The technology of circular polarization of GSM/DCS dual-band circular polarization microstrip antenna are realized by dual-band Wilkinson power divider which is based on the composite right/left-handed transmission line which functions as the feeding of the microstrip patch antenna. The wide-beam technology for the Satellite TV receiver antenna array is realized through microstrip dielectric antenna technology. The high-gain and broadband performances of Satellite TV receiver antenna array are realized by loading FSS rectangular patch on the reflection cover of Fabry-Perot resonator. HFSS was used to simulate above-mentioned three antennas. The results have indicated that the GSM/DCS dual-band circular polarization microstrip antenna has achieved good circular polarization and demonstrated dual-band characteristics, however, with narrow band and deteriorated pattern. The wide-beam circular polarization satellite TV receiver antenna array has a better reflection characteristic, its axial ratio and the half-power beam width can basically meet the design requirements, agreement can be observed between the measurement results of the prototype and the simulations results. High-gain broadband circular polarization microstrip antenna array has a relative impedance bandwidth of 18.5%, the relative bandwidth of available frequency range achieves 9.5%, and the highest gain is about 19.3db, and the configuration of Fabry-Perot does not affect the axial ratio.
引文
[1]林昌禄.天线工程手册[M].北京.电子工业出版社,2002.6
[2]I.J.鲍尔,P.布哈蒂亚.微带天线[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1984.
[3]约翰.克劳斯.天线(上)[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.
[4]钟顺时.罗远祉.微带天线理论与技术的进展.电子科学学刊,1989.
[5]钟顺时.微带天线理论与应用.西电科大出版社,1991.
[6]钟顺时.矩形微带天线的带宽与宽频带技术.电子科学学刊.Vol.7,1985.
[7]Shan-Cheng Pan and Kin-Lu Wong. Design of dual-frequency microstrip antennas using a shorting-pin loading [J]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,1998,1(6):312-315.
[8]Mohamed Sanad. Effect of the shorting posts on short circuit microstrip Antennas [J]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,1994,2(6):794-797.
[9]A. A. Deshmukh and G. Kumar. Compact broadband E-shaped microstrip Antennas [J]. IEEE Electronics Letters,2005,41(9):989-990.
[10]Y. T. Lo, C. E. Skupien. A study of microstrip antenna for multiple band operation. Final Technical Report.Sept,1982.
[11]A. Kumar. Fixed and Mobile Termial Antenna. Artech House,1991
[12]张勇虎,周力,欧钢.一种双频双圆极化层叠结构微带天线的设计[J].微波学报,2006,22(6)：25-28.
[13]T. Sudha and T. S. Vedavathy. A Dual Band Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna on an EBG Substrate [J]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,2002,2:68-71.
[14]Davidson S E, Long SA, RichardsW F. Dual-bandmicrostrip antenna with monolithic reactive loading. Electronics Letters,1985,21(21):936-937
[15]NakanoH, Vichien K. Dual-frequency patch antenna with a rectangular notch. Electronics Letters,1989,25(16):1067-1068
[16]Zhong S S, LoY T. Single element rectangular microstrip antenna fordual-frequency operation. Electronics Letters,1983,19(8):298-300
[17]Pan S C, Wong K L. Design of dual-frequency microstrip antennas using a shorting-pin loading. IEEE International Symposium,1998
[18]WongK L, ChenW S. Compactmicrostrip antenna with dual-frequency operation. Electronics Letters,1997,33(8):646-647
[19]葛志晨,章文勋,刘震国,顾莹莹.采用介质PBG盖板Fabry-Perot谐振器的宽频带高增益印刷天线.电波科学学报.Vol.21, No.5, Oct,2006
[20]符道临,章文勋,顾莹莹,葛志晨.两种改进的Fabry-Perot谐振器印刷天线.电波科学学报.Vol.23, No.2, April,2008
[21]符道临,章文勋,刘震国.宽频带Fabry-Perot谐振器印刷天线.东南大学学报.Vol.37, No.5, Sept,2007
[22].POZAR D M. A microstrip antenna aperture coupled to a microstrip line[J]. Electron Lett,1985,21:49-50.
[23]ZHANG YABIN, LI BINHONG, LIU YIJUN. A procedure to design aperture-coupled stacked microstrip antenna based on experiment[J]. Microwave and optical technology letters,2002,35(3):244-247.
[24]POZAR D M, TARGONSKI S D. Improved coupling for aperture coupled microstrip antennas [J]. Electron Lett,1991,25(13):1129-1131.
[25]佘力辉,李增瑞.口径耦合多层微带天线单元和阵列设计.中国传媒大学学报自然科学版.Vol13,No2.June,2006
[26]D. M. Pozar. A microstrip antenna aperture coupled to a microstrip line. Electr. lett. Vol.21, Jan,1985,49-50
[27]崔万照,马伟,邱乐德,.张洪太.电磁超介质及其应用.北京：国防工业出版社,2008
[28]H.S.Chen, L. X. Ran, J. T. HuangFu, T. M. Grzegorczyk, andJ. A. Kong. Equivalent Circuit model for left-handed metamaterials. J. Appl. Phys,2006
[29]Y. Xu, and A. Alphones, Propagation characteristics of complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) based EBG structure, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,2005
[30]F. Falcone, T. Lopetegi, J.D. Baena, R. Marques, F.Martin, and M. Sorolla, Effective Negative-ε stopband microstrip lines based on complementary split ring resonators, IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon Lett,2004
[31]C.Colaz, T.Itoh. Transmission line approach of left-handed materials and microstrip implementation of an artificial LH transmission line. IEEE Trans. MTT.2004
[32]M.Gil, J. Bonache and I.Gil. On the transmission properties of left-handed microstrip lines implemented by complementary split ring resonators. Int. J. Numer. Model.2006
[33]F. Falcone, T. Lopetegi. Babinet principle applied to the design of metasurfaces and metamaterials, Phys. Rev. Lett.,2004
[34]C. Caloz and T.Itoh. Positive/negative refractive index anisotropic,2-D metamaterials, IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon Lett,2003
[35]A. Sanada, C. Caloz and T.Itoh. Characteristics of composite right/left handed transmission lines. IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon Lett.2004
[36]Su C. M, Wong K. L. A dual-band GPS microstrip antenna[J].Microwave Opt Tech Lett,2002. Vol 33, No.4.
[37]王长清,祝西里.电磁场计算中的时域有限差分法.北京大学出版社.1994
[38]吕善伟.天线阵综合.北京航空学院出版社.1988.
[39]何海丹.新型宽波束圆极化天线—微带介质天线.电讯技术.2003.
[40]朱莉,高向军,梁建刚.宽带圆极化微带天线的几种实现方法.现代电子技术.第23期总第262期.2007.
[41]TOKO AMERICA INC. A miniature patch antenna for GPS application[J]. Microwave journal, Aug.1997.
[42]T. K. Wuang and J.Huang. Low-cost antennas for direct broadcast satellite radio [J]. Microwave and Optical technology letters. No.10,Vol.7, July 1994.
[43]Mittra..R,.Yang. R, Itoh. M and Arakana.M. Microstrip patch antennas for GPS application[A]. IEEE antenna and propagation society international symposium, Vol.3.1993.
[44]薄瓦.超高频天线[M].高等教育出版社.1959.
[45]崔昌云,史小卫,黄丘林,魏峰,陈小群.5.8GHz右手圆极化微带天线阵.全国微波毫米波会议论文集.2009.
[46]葛志晨.电磁带隙结构在宽频带高增益印刷天线中的应用.东南大学硕士论文.2005.
[47]郭榕,翁子彬,焦永昌.基于异向介质的高增益圆极化微带天线的设计.空间电子技术.2007年第四期.
[48]刘震国,葛志晨.Fabry-Perot谐振天线研究综述.现代雷达.Vol.31,No.9,Sep.2009.
[49]A. P. Feresidis and J. C. Vardaxoglou. High gain planar antenna using optimized partially reflective surface. IEEE Proc. Microwave Antenna Propag. Vol.148, No6. Dec.2001.
[50]顾莹莹.高阻抗表明EBG结构天线应用的研究.东南大学硕士论文.2006.
[51]牛家晓.谐振式左手传输线结构及其应用研究.上海交通大学博士论文.2007.11.
[2]I.J.鲍尔,P.布哈蒂亚.微带天线[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1984.
[3]约翰.克劳斯.天线(上)[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.
[4]钟顺时.罗远祉.微带天线理论与技术的进展.电子科学学刊,1989.
[5]钟顺时.微带天线理论与应用.西电科大出版社,1991.
[6]钟顺时.矩形微带天线的带宽与宽频带技术.电子科学学刊.Vol.7,1985.
[7]Shan-Cheng Pan and Kin-Lu Wong. Design of dual-frequency microstrip antennas using a shorting-pin loading [J]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,1998,1(6):312-315.
[8]Mohamed Sanad. Effect of the shorting posts on short circuit microstrip Antennas [J]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,1994,2(6):794-797.
[9]A. A. Deshmukh and G. Kumar. Compact broadband E-shaped microstrip Antennas [J]. IEEE Electronics Letters,2005,41(9):989-990.
[10]Y. T. Lo, C. E. Skupien. A study of microstrip antenna for multiple band operation. Final Technical Report.Sept,1982.
[11]A. Kumar. Fixed and Mobile Termial Antenna. Artech House,1991
[12]张勇虎,周力,欧钢.一种双频双圆极化层叠结构微带天线的设计[J].微波学报,2006,22(6)：25-28.
[13]T. Sudha and T. S. Vedavathy. A Dual Band Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna on an EBG Substrate [J]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,2002,2:68-71.
[14]Davidson S E, Long SA, RichardsW F. Dual-bandmicrostrip antenna with monolithic reactive loading. Electronics Letters,1985,21(21):936-937
[15]NakanoH, Vichien K. Dual-frequency patch antenna with a rectangular notch. Electronics Letters,1989,25(16):1067-1068
[16]Zhong S S, LoY T. Single element rectangular microstrip antenna fordual-frequency operation. Electronics Letters,1983,19(8):298-300
[17]Pan S C, Wong K L. Design of dual-frequency microstrip antennas using a shorting-pin loading. IEEE International Symposium,1998
[18]WongK L, ChenW S. Compactmicrostrip antenna with dual-frequency operation. Electronics Letters,1997,33(8):646-647
[19]葛志晨,章文勋,刘震国,顾莹莹.采用介质PBG盖板Fabry-Perot谐振器的宽频带高增益印刷天线.电波科学学报.Vol.21, No.5, Oct,2006
[20]符道临,章文勋,顾莹莹,葛志晨.两种改进的Fabry-Perot谐振器印刷天线.电波科学学报.Vol.23, No.2, April,2008
[21]符道临,章文勋,刘震国.宽频带Fabry-Perot谐振器印刷天线.东南大学学报.Vol.37, No.5, Sept,2007
[22].POZAR D M. A microstrip antenna aperture coupled to a microstrip line[J]. Electron Lett,1985,21:49-50.
[23]ZHANG YABIN, LI BINHONG, LIU YIJUN. A procedure to design aperture-coupled stacked microstrip antenna based on experiment[J]. Microwave and optical technology letters,2002,35(3):244-247.
[24]POZAR D M, TARGONSKI S D. Improved coupling for aperture coupled microstrip antennas [J]. Electron Lett,1991,25(13):1129-1131.
[25]佘力辉,李增瑞.口径耦合多层微带天线单元和阵列设计.中国传媒大学学报自然科学版.Vol13,No2.June,2006
[26]D. M. Pozar. A microstrip antenna aperture coupled to a microstrip line. Electr. lett. Vol.21, Jan,1985,49-50
[27]崔万照,马伟,邱乐德,.张洪太.电磁超介质及其应用.北京：国防工业出版社,2008
[28]H.S.Chen, L. X. Ran, J. T. HuangFu, T. M. Grzegorczyk, andJ. A. Kong. Equivalent Circuit model for left-handed metamaterials. J. Appl. Phys,2006
[29]Y. Xu, and A. Alphones, Propagation characteristics of complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) based EBG structure, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,2005
[30]F. Falcone, T. Lopetegi, J.D. Baena, R. Marques, F.Martin, and M. Sorolla, Effective Negative-ε stopband microstrip lines based on complementary split ring resonators, IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon Lett,2004
[31]C.Colaz, T.Itoh. Transmission line approach of left-handed materials and microstrip implementation of an artificial LH transmission line. IEEE Trans. MTT.2004
[32]M.Gil, J. Bonache and I.Gil. On the transmission properties of left-handed microstrip lines implemented by complementary split ring resonators. Int. J. Numer. Model.2006
[33]F. Falcone, T. Lopetegi. Babinet principle applied to the design of metasurfaces and metamaterials, Phys. Rev. Lett.,2004
[34]C. Caloz and T.Itoh. Positive/negative refractive index anisotropic,2-D metamaterials, IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon Lett,2003
[35]A. Sanada, C. Caloz and T.Itoh. Characteristics of composite right/left handed transmission lines. IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon Lett.2004
[36]Su C. M, Wong K. L. A dual-band GPS microstrip antenna[J].Microwave Opt Tech Lett,2002. Vol 33, No.4.
[37]王长清,祝西里.电磁场计算中的时域有限差分法.北京大学出版社.1994
[38]吕善伟.天线阵综合.北京航空学院出版社.1988.
[39]何海丹.新型宽波束圆极化天线—微带介质天线.电讯技术.2003.
[40]朱莉,高向军,梁建刚.宽带圆极化微带天线的几种实现方法.现代电子技术.第23期总第262期.2007.
[41]TOKO AMERICA INC. A miniature patch antenna for GPS application[J]. Microwave journal, Aug.1997.
[42]T. K. Wuang and J.Huang. Low-cost antennas for direct broadcast satellite radio [J]. Microwave and Optical technology letters. No.10,Vol.7, July 1994.
[43]Mittra..R,.Yang. R, Itoh. M and Arakana.M. Microstrip patch antennas for GPS application[A]. IEEE antenna and propagation society international symposium, Vol.3.1993.
[44]薄瓦.超高频天线[M].高等教育出版社.1959.
[45]崔昌云,史小卫,黄丘林,魏峰,陈小群.5.8GHz右手圆极化微带天线阵.全国微波毫米波会议论文集.2009.
[46]葛志晨.电磁带隙结构在宽频带高增益印刷天线中的应用.东南大学硕士论文.2005.
[47]郭榕,翁子彬,焦永昌.基于异向介质的高增益圆极化微带天线的设计.空间电子技术.2007年第四期.
[48]刘震国,葛志晨.Fabry-Perot谐振天线研究综述.现代雷达.Vol.31,No.9,Sep.2009.
[49]A. P. Feresidis and J. C. Vardaxoglou. High gain planar antenna using optimized partially reflective surface. IEEE Proc. Microwave Antenna Propag. Vol.148, No6. Dec.2001.
[50]顾莹莹.高阻抗表明EBG结构天线应用的研究.东南大学硕士论文.2006.
[51]牛家晓.谐振式左手传输线结构及其应用研究.上海交通大学博士论文.2007.11.