胜利油田稠油热采地震监测技术研究
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摘要
胜利油田蕴藏着极为丰富的稠油资源，目前主要依靠注过热蒸汽的手段提高稠油采收率，用地震方法监测注蒸汽热前缘推进范围，对于油田开发工作有着极为重要的指导意义。
为研究含稠油岩芯的地震波速度与温度、压力等因素的关系，对取自胜利油田的几种稠油岩芯进行了实验，实验结果如下：
(1)在室温T=25℃、围压P=10Mpa时：①砂样岩芯的稠油含量H与纵波速度Vp间呈抛物线关系；②含100％稠油砂样岩芯的Vp随温度T的升高而单调递减，成近似线性关系；③当P=30Mpa时，则Vp与T呈双曲线关系。
(2)温度对含稠油砂样的归一化纵波初动振幅的影响主要表现在中、低温阶段；砂样的归一化剪切模量G／Gmax随T升高而线性递减。
(3)在T恒定时，原状油砂样的Vp与P呈近似线性递增；且低温时围压效应比高温时显著。
稠油热采地质模型及其它相关的注汽前后的地球物理参数模型的变化也表明：
(1)注汽后的地震剖面反射下拖现象与注汽厚度和速度降低有密切关系；
(2)随着注汽量的增加，稠油层融化幅度增大，速度也进一步下降，反射振幅呈明显增强趋势；
(3)注汽区的反射波主频明显降低，也可以作为识别注蒸汽稠油变化的手段；
对蒸汽吞吐井S2—21—21井的高分辩三维地震的监测结果表明：
(1)注汽后的地震反射剖面的同相轴强度有明显增大的现象；
(2)注汽后的地震反射剖面的同相轴有明显下拖现象；
(3)从能量谱分析，注汽后速度下降了350m／s；
(4)从注汽前后地震反射剖面差值图上可以分析出注汽的影响范围为180m左右；
(5)从人机联作工作站的放大处理剖面分析，下拖幅度的最大值为3.4ms，
成都理工大学博士学位论文
横向延伸范围为18Om左右;
(6)注汽井附近的地震反射的变化不太明显，是由于历经三次采油，稠油
基本采完，剩余沥青砂岩的地震反射不如饱和沥青砂岩受热后的变化显著;
对蒸汽驱内的注汽井，CZO一9一13井的高分辨资料的采集，处理和分析结
果表明:
(1)注汽一年后的热前缘影响范围为230m左右，其中向东北方向延伸了
110m;西南方向延伸了120m;
(2)注汽两年九个月后的蒸汽延伸范围为540m，其中向东北方向延伸了
310m，向西向方向延伸了240m，井周围SOm左右范围的变化不明显;
(3)层速度的降低范围大致为635m，其中东北方向变化约360m，西南方
向约275m，速度值降低幅度大17%以下;
(4)频率降低的范围为590m左右，其中东北方向370m，西南方向220m，
主频降低幅度在6Hz以下;
(5)对注汽后的振幅分析表明:注汽后的强反射增强，增幅值在20%以上，
弱反射强度降低，降幅在25%以下;
(6)对比井下观测的温度、压力、稠油饱和度、蒸汽饱和度以及生产动态
表明地震监测手段十分可靠，蒸汽变化大致推算范围为55Om士40m。
稠油热采地震监测技术的成功，为物探技术向开发服务领域转变拓展了一条
新路，对于提高稠油采收率，降低能耗都具有重要意义。
There are a vast amount of heavy-oil in Shengli oil-field , injecting overheated-steam were used to enhance heavy-oil recovery at present . Monitoring thermal pilot by seismic methods had benefited oil-field development a great deal.
Different kinds of heavy oil cores from Shengli oil-field were respectively tested to determine the relations between seismic wave velocities and temperature or pressure etc. The researches lead to the conclusion:
(1) When ambient temperature is 25℃,and country Pressure is 10Mpa,
There is a parabolic relation between heavy oil content in sand core and P-wave velocity Vp
Vp in 100% heavy-oil saturated sand core monotonously decreases with temperature rise, which shows an approximate linear relation.
When the pressure is 30 Mpa, the relation between Vp and temperature is characterized by a hyperbolic curve.
(2) The influence of temperature upon the normalized initial
amplitude of P-wave in heavy-oil sand core can be seen at mid and low temperature.
The normalized shear modulus G/Gmax of sand core declines linearly with the increase of temperature .
(3) When temperature is constant, VP shows an approximate linear increase with country pressure ; and country pressure effect is more obvious at low temperatures than at high temperatures .
The thief-zone model of heavy oil thermal recovery and the associated geophysical parameter model by computers proved this solution :
(1) There is a closely relation between heated heavy-oil seismic reflection and the amount of steam rejected and velocities decline .
(2) The amplitude obviously increased with the amount of steam injected rised.
(3) The main frequency decreased after saturated heavy-oil were heated.
Monitoring of throughput-well in high resolution seismic measures conducted this results : (1)The amplitude of seismic event were strengthened after
post-injection .
(2) Pushdown of seismic event were evident on heated zone .
(3) On energy spectrum map P-wave declined 350m/s after
heavy-oil heated . (4) The length of thermal fronts was 180m around the
throughput-well on the section difference figure . (5)There were 3.4ms time-delay in vertically and 180m expanded
range in latterly on amplifier amplitude graph processed by
interactive station . (6) The seismic reflection near survery well were weak , due to the
information were the reflection of unsaturated-sand not thus of
saturated heavy-oil.
High resolution acquisition, processing and interpretation were applied to steam-drive well come to this conclusion .
(1) Thermal fronts domain were 230m after 12 months , among them were 110m in the northeast , and in the southwest were the residual.
(2) After 18 months , the length of thermal pilot were 310m in the northeast and in the southwest were 240m .
(3) From steam drive well to both directions , the radiation zone of interval velocity decline were 635m , it's 275m in the northeast, and the remainder were in the southwest . Interval velocity dropped 17 percent.
(4) The variation zones of frequency were about 590m . It's 370m in the northeast, and the remainder were in the southwest . The
dropped ranges of principal frequency were 6Hz .
(5) The more strength of amplitude in pre-injection , the more strength in post-injection , rate of increase were 20 percent ; conversely ,the more weak of amplitude in pre-injection , the more weak in post-injection ; rate of reduce were 25 percent.
(6) Compare the seismic information with temperature, pressure, degree of saturation of heavy-oik degree of saturation of steam and the situation of production well, we could see the techniques of seismic monitoring were extremely reliabity , the thermal fronts were 550m ± 40m about.
The success of heavy-oil thermal recovery by seismic methods open a new way for geophysical techniques which used to oil development . It's very important for enhanced oil recovery and declined consumption energy .
为研究含稠油岩芯的地震波速度与温度、压力等因素的关系，对取自胜利油田的几种稠油岩芯进行了实验，实验结果如下：
(1)在室温T=25℃、围压P=10Mpa时：①砂样岩芯的稠油含量H与纵波速度Vp间呈抛物线关系；②含100％稠油砂样岩芯的Vp随温度T的升高而单调递减，成近似线性关系；③当P=30Mpa时，则Vp与T呈双曲线关系。
(2)温度对含稠油砂样的归一化纵波初动振幅的影响主要表现在中、低温阶段；砂样的归一化剪切模量G／Gmax随T升高而线性递减。
(3)在T恒定时，原状油砂样的Vp与P呈近似线性递增；且低温时围压效应比高温时显著。
稠油热采地质模型及其它相关的注汽前后的地球物理参数模型的变化也表明：
(1)注汽后的地震剖面反射下拖现象与注汽厚度和速度降低有密切关系；
(2)随着注汽量的增加，稠油层融化幅度增大，速度也进一步下降，反射振幅呈明显增强趋势；
(3)注汽区的反射波主频明显降低，也可以作为识别注蒸汽稠油变化的手段；
对蒸汽吞吐井S2—21—21井的高分辩三维地震的监测结果表明：
(1)注汽后的地震反射剖面的同相轴强度有明显增大的现象；
(2)注汽后的地震反射剖面的同相轴有明显下拖现象；
(3)从能量谱分析，注汽后速度下降了350m／s；
(4)从注汽前后地震反射剖面差值图上可以分析出注汽的影响范围为180m左右；
(5)从人机联作工作站的放大处理剖面分析，下拖幅度的最大值为3.4ms，
成都理工大学博士学位论文
横向延伸范围为18Om左右;
(6)注汽井附近的地震反射的变化不太明显，是由于历经三次采油，稠油
基本采完，剩余沥青砂岩的地震反射不如饱和沥青砂岩受热后的变化显著;
对蒸汽驱内的注汽井，CZO一9一13井的高分辨资料的采集，处理和分析结
果表明:
(1)注汽一年后的热前缘影响范围为230m左右，其中向东北方向延伸了
110m;西南方向延伸了120m;
(2)注汽两年九个月后的蒸汽延伸范围为540m，其中向东北方向延伸了
310m，向西向方向延伸了240m，井周围SOm左右范围的变化不明显;
(3)层速度的降低范围大致为635m，其中东北方向变化约360m，西南方
向约275m，速度值降低幅度大17%以下;
(4)频率降低的范围为590m左右，其中东北方向370m，西南方向220m，
主频降低幅度在6Hz以下;
(5)对注汽后的振幅分析表明:注汽后的强反射增强，增幅值在20%以上，
弱反射强度降低，降幅在25%以下;
(6)对比井下观测的温度、压力、稠油饱和度、蒸汽饱和度以及生产动态
表明地震监测手段十分可靠，蒸汽变化大致推算范围为55Om士40m。
稠油热采地震监测技术的成功，为物探技术向开发服务领域转变拓展了一条
新路，对于提高稠油采收率，降低能耗都具有重要意义。
There are a vast amount of heavy-oil in Shengli oil-field , injecting overheated-steam were used to enhance heavy-oil recovery at present . Monitoring thermal pilot by seismic methods had benefited oil-field development a great deal.
Different kinds of heavy oil cores from Shengli oil-field were respectively tested to determine the relations between seismic wave velocities and temperature or pressure etc. The researches lead to the conclusion:
(1) When ambient temperature is 25℃,and country Pressure is 10Mpa,
There is a parabolic relation between heavy oil content in sand core and P-wave velocity Vp
Vp in 100% heavy-oil saturated sand core monotonously decreases with temperature rise, which shows an approximate linear relation.
When the pressure is 30 Mpa, the relation between Vp and temperature is characterized by a hyperbolic curve.
(2) The influence of temperature upon the normalized initial
amplitude of P-wave in heavy-oil sand core can be seen at mid and low temperature.
The normalized shear modulus G/Gmax of sand core declines linearly with the increase of temperature .
(3) When temperature is constant, VP shows an approximate linear increase with country pressure ; and country pressure effect is more obvious at low temperatures than at high temperatures .
The thief-zone model of heavy oil thermal recovery and the associated geophysical parameter model by computers proved this solution :
(1) There is a closely relation between heated heavy-oil seismic reflection and the amount of steam rejected and velocities decline .
(2) The amplitude obviously increased with the amount of steam injected rised.
(3) The main frequency decreased after saturated heavy-oil were heated.
Monitoring of throughput-well in high resolution seismic measures conducted this results : (1)The amplitude of seismic event were strengthened after
post-injection .
(2) Pushdown of seismic event were evident on heated zone .
(3) On energy spectrum map P-wave declined 350m/s after
heavy-oil heated . (4) The length of thermal fronts was 180m around the
throughput-well on the section difference figure . (5)There were 3.4ms time-delay in vertically and 180m expanded
range in latterly on amplifier amplitude graph processed by
interactive station . (6) The seismic reflection near survery well were weak , due to the
information were the reflection of unsaturated-sand not thus of
saturated heavy-oil.
High resolution acquisition, processing and interpretation were applied to steam-drive well come to this conclusion .
(1) Thermal fronts domain were 230m after 12 months , among them were 110m in the northeast , and in the southwest were the residual.
(2) After 18 months , the length of thermal pilot were 310m in the northeast and in the southwest were 240m .
(3) From steam drive well to both directions , the radiation zone of interval velocity decline were 635m , it's 275m in the northeast, and the remainder were in the southwest . Interval velocity dropped 17 percent.
(4) The variation zones of frequency were about 590m . It's 370m in the northeast, and the remainder were in the southwest . The
dropped ranges of principal frequency were 6Hz .
(5) The more strength of amplitude in pre-injection , the more strength in post-injection , rate of increase were 20 percent ; conversely ,the more weak of amplitude in pre-injection , the more weak in post-injection ; rate of reduce were 25 percent.
(6) Compare the seismic information with temperature, pressure, degree of saturation of heavy-oik degree of saturation of steam and the situation of production well, we could see the techniques of seismic monitoring were extremely reliabity , the thermal fronts were 550m ± 40m about.
The success of heavy-oil thermal recovery by seismic methods open a new way for geophysical techniques which used to oil development . It's very important for enhanced oil recovery and declined consumption energy .
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