山西省省级政府机关办公建筑围护结构节能改造研究
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摘要
针对世界上日益严重的环保和能源问题,我国20世纪80年代就启动了建筑节能工作,先易后难、先新建后改建、先城市后农村,从北方逐步向南方推进。随着节能工作的深化,以既有公共建筑节能改造为重点,以政府办公建筑为示范,积极推进既有建筑的节能改造已经提上议事议程。本文以山西省省级政府机关办公建筑(此类办公建筑均位于太原市区内)为研究对象,主要就建筑节能改造的重点围护结构节能改造进行分析。
我国目前对现有建筑进行节能改造缺少一套可行的优化设计方法,并且对改造后的效果缺少科学的分析计算。一般只是对外墙进行加大热阻的做法,只要满足最小总热阻即可。然而,旧建筑改造是一项综合的建筑技术改造,包括墙体门窗屋顶等等,不能只片面考虑一个因素。本文旨在对既有山西省政府机关办公建筑节能改造寻求一条可行的优化设计方法。
首先通过分析太原市的气候特征并结合对既有政府机关办公建筑能耗特点的调研统计与分析,在此基础上详细对适合本地气候和办公建筑特点的节能改造技术与材料的优缺点进行对比分析,找出适宜太原市政府机关办公建筑的节能改造方法。
根据以上节能改造方法,对山西省文化厅办公楼进行了节能改造的能耗模拟。利用清华大学开发的我国著名能耗软件DeST-C,详细计算了各种适合改造手段的节能效果与性价比,最终综合选出生态、经济与节能俱佳的改造手段,使得建筑满足公共建筑节能率的同时,投资少,生态效果好。
In view of the more and more serious environmental problem,our country started the work of energy conservation in 1980s, from the new buildings to the old,from the buidings in the city to these in the countryside, from the north to the south. with the work deepening, energy-efficient retrofit of existing building is already on the process. The energy-efficient retrofit of the existing government office buildings is a key point. In this paper,the provincial government office buildings in Shanxi province which lay on Taiyuan are the object of study. This paper is mainly about the energy-efficient retrofit of the envelope structure which is the key point.
At present our country on the energy saving retrofit for the envelope structure of existing buildings lacks a set of feasible retrofit methods, and lacks scientific analysis on the effect after retrofit. in order to satisfy the minimum total thermal resistance, we generally increase the value of thermal resistance for the envelope structure. However it is a comprehensive technological rebuild including wall, windows, doors, roof and so on.So it isn't one sided retrofit. The purpose of this thesis is seeking out feasible methods on the energy saving retrofit,particularly for the the provincial government office buildings in Shanxi province.
First of all, we do some research to find the climatic characteristics of Taiyuan City and the characteristics of energy consumption of government office buildings. On the base, we analyze the strengths and weaknesses of energy-saving technologies and materials to find suitable methods.
Based on the above methods, the author takes a government office building in Taiyuan as an example to find out optimized methods by using computer simulation. Energy simulation software DeST-C exploited by Tsinghua University is the main tool to simulate. By the simulation of a variety of energy-saving methods, we can find the best way to reconstruct the building. Finally,we can find a method which can reach the requirement of Public buildings energy-saving design standards with less money, and be friendly with the ecological environment.
我国目前对现有建筑进行节能改造缺少一套可行的优化设计方法,并且对改造后的效果缺少科学的分析计算。一般只是对外墙进行加大热阻的做法,只要满足最小总热阻即可。然而,旧建筑改造是一项综合的建筑技术改造,包括墙体门窗屋顶等等,不能只片面考虑一个因素。本文旨在对既有山西省政府机关办公建筑节能改造寻求一条可行的优化设计方法。
首先通过分析太原市的气候特征并结合对既有政府机关办公建筑能耗特点的调研统计与分析,在此基础上详细对适合本地气候和办公建筑特点的节能改造技术与材料的优缺点进行对比分析,找出适宜太原市政府机关办公建筑的节能改造方法。
根据以上节能改造方法,对山西省文化厅办公楼进行了节能改造的能耗模拟。利用清华大学开发的我国著名能耗软件DeST-C,详细计算了各种适合改造手段的节能效果与性价比,最终综合选出生态、经济与节能俱佳的改造手段,使得建筑满足公共建筑节能率的同时,投资少,生态效果好。
In view of the more and more serious environmental problem,our country started the work of energy conservation in 1980s, from the new buildings to the old,from the buidings in the city to these in the countryside, from the north to the south. with the work deepening, energy-efficient retrofit of existing building is already on the process. The energy-efficient retrofit of the existing government office buildings is a key point. In this paper,the provincial government office buildings in Shanxi province which lay on Taiyuan are the object of study. This paper is mainly about the energy-efficient retrofit of the envelope structure which is the key point.
At present our country on the energy saving retrofit for the envelope structure of existing buildings lacks a set of feasible retrofit methods, and lacks scientific analysis on the effect after retrofit. in order to satisfy the minimum total thermal resistance, we generally increase the value of thermal resistance for the envelope structure. However it is a comprehensive technological rebuild including wall, windows, doors, roof and so on.So it isn't one sided retrofit. The purpose of this thesis is seeking out feasible methods on the energy saving retrofit,particularly for the the provincial government office buildings in Shanxi province.
First of all, we do some research to find the climatic characteristics of Taiyuan City and the characteristics of energy consumption of government office buildings. On the base, we analyze the strengths and weaknesses of energy-saving technologies and materials to find suitable methods.
Based on the above methods, the author takes a government office building in Taiyuan as an example to find out optimized methods by using computer simulation. Energy simulation software DeST-C exploited by Tsinghua University is the main tool to simulate. By the simulation of a variety of energy-saving methods, we can find the best way to reconstruct the building. Finally,we can find a method which can reach the requirement of Public buildings energy-saving design standards with less money, and be friendly with the ecological environment.
引文
[l]白胜芳,借鉴国外先进经验服务我国既有公共建筑节能改造,保温材料与建筑节能,2003.9.
[2]王清勤,国际建筑节能经验对我国建筑节能发展的启发,节能.2006年第1期(总第282期).
[3]薛志峰,超低能耗建筑技术及应用,中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[4]朱盈豹,保温材料在建筑墙体节能中的应用,中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[5]建设部科技发展促进中心,外墙外保温技术百问,中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[6]鱼剑林,王沣浩,建筑节能应用新技术,化学工业出版社,2006.
[7]徐占发,建筑节能技术实用手册,机械工业出版社,2005.
[8]王立雄,建筑节能,中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[9]诺伯特,莱希纳(美),建筑师技术设计指南,2004.
[10]张家猷,提高建筑门窗保温性能的途径,建筑节能：44.
[11]清华大学DeST开发组,建筑环境系统模拟分析设计方法DeST=Buildingenvironmental system simulation and analysiS DeST,中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[12]柳孝图,建筑物理(第二版),中国建筑工业出版社.
[13]李丽,既有建筑围护结构节能改造方案分析软件的研究及编制,硕士,哈尔滨工业大学,2005.
[14]张维秀等,聚氨酯外墙外保温技术,建筑节能38,90-95,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[15]邸占英,外墙外保温防护面层材料,建筑节能34,20-25,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[16]朱盈豹,保温材料在建筑墙体节能中的应用,北京：中国建材工业出版社,2003.
[17]黄振利,采用zL聚苯颗粒保温材料体系解决保温墙面裂缝问题,建筑节能34,10-19,中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[18]简毅文,江亿,住宅建筑围护结构保温性能的确定分析,住宅科技,2001.
[19]杨江金,周达良,旧建筑节能改造初探,墙材革新与建筑节能,2003(3).
[20]建设部科技发展促进中心,外墙保温应用技术,中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[21]涂逢祥等,建筑节能46期,中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[22]中华人民共和国建设部,屋面工程技术规范(GB 50345--2004),中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[23]中国建筑标准设计研究院,平屋面建筑构造(一),中华人民共和国建设部,2002.
[24]中国建筑标准设计研究院,平屋面改坡屋面建筑构造(03J203),中华人民共和国建设部,2003.
[25]涂逢祥等,建筑节能：怎么办?,中国计划出版社,2002.
[26]江亿、薛志峰等,超低能耗建筑技术及应用,中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[27]中国建筑材料科学研究院,绿色建材与建材绿色化,中国化学工业出版社,2003.
[28]清华大学建筑节能研究中心,中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告,中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[29]DEST开发小组,DEST用户使用手册,清华大学建筑技术科学系.
[30]杨善勤、郎四维、涂逢祥,建筑节能,中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[31]徐占发,建筑节能常用数据速查手册,中国建材工业出版社,2006.
[32]中华人民共和国建设部,办公建筑设计规范(JGJ67-2006),中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[2]王清勤,国际建筑节能经验对我国建筑节能发展的启发,节能.2006年第1期(总第282期).
[3]薛志峰,超低能耗建筑技术及应用,中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[4]朱盈豹,保温材料在建筑墙体节能中的应用,中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[5]建设部科技发展促进中心,外墙外保温技术百问,中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[6]鱼剑林,王沣浩,建筑节能应用新技术,化学工业出版社,2006.
[7]徐占发,建筑节能技术实用手册,机械工业出版社,2005.
[8]王立雄,建筑节能,中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[9]诺伯特,莱希纳(美),建筑师技术设计指南,2004.
[10]张家猷,提高建筑门窗保温性能的途径,建筑节能：44.
[11]清华大学DeST开发组,建筑环境系统模拟分析设计方法DeST=Buildingenvironmental system simulation and analysiS DeST,中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[12]柳孝图,建筑物理(第二版),中国建筑工业出版社.
[13]李丽,既有建筑围护结构节能改造方案分析软件的研究及编制,硕士,哈尔滨工业大学,2005.
[14]张维秀等,聚氨酯外墙外保温技术,建筑节能38,90-95,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[15]邸占英,外墙外保温防护面层材料,建筑节能34,20-25,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[16]朱盈豹,保温材料在建筑墙体节能中的应用,北京：中国建材工业出版社,2003.
[17]黄振利,采用zL聚苯颗粒保温材料体系解决保温墙面裂缝问题,建筑节能34,10-19,中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[18]简毅文,江亿,住宅建筑围护结构保温性能的确定分析,住宅科技,2001.
[19]杨江金,周达良,旧建筑节能改造初探,墙材革新与建筑节能,2003(3).
[20]建设部科技发展促进中心,外墙保温应用技术,中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[21]涂逢祥等,建筑节能46期,中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[22]中华人民共和国建设部,屋面工程技术规范(GB 50345--2004),中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[23]中国建筑标准设计研究院,平屋面建筑构造(一),中华人民共和国建设部,2002.
[24]中国建筑标准设计研究院,平屋面改坡屋面建筑构造(03J203),中华人民共和国建设部,2003.
[25]涂逢祥等,建筑节能：怎么办?,中国计划出版社,2002.
[26]江亿、薛志峰等,超低能耗建筑技术及应用,中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[27]中国建筑材料科学研究院,绿色建材与建材绿色化,中国化学工业出版社,2003.
[28]清华大学建筑节能研究中心,中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告,中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[29]DEST开发小组,DEST用户使用手册,清华大学建筑技术科学系.
[30]杨善勤、郎四维、涂逢祥,建筑节能,中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[31]徐占发,建筑节能常用数据速查手册,中国建材工业出版社,2006.
[32]中华人民共和国建设部,办公建筑设计规范(JGJ67-2006),中国建筑工业出版社,2007.