电化学沉积法制备FePt_x磁性纳米颗粒与薄膜组织和磁性能的研究
|
摘要
本文分别以硫酸亚铁(FeSO4·7H2O)、氯铂酸(H2PtCl6·6H2O)作为铁源和铂源,采用多脉冲电沉积法在水溶液中分别制备了FePtx磁性纳米颗粒与薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对热处理前后的FePtx磁性纳米颗粒与薄膜的物相、形貌和磁性能进行了表征。主要研究内容如下：
1)X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明制得的FePtx磁性纳米颗粒是FCC结构的(Fe, Pt)固溶体,在N2气氛下经过700℃、30min的热处理后转变为L12结构；配备有能谱分析仪(EDX)的透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析表明制得的FePtx磁性纳米颗粒平均粒径在2.5nm左右。采用震动样品磁强计(VSM)测试热处理前后的FePtx的磁性能,由于热处理后的FePtx颗粒部分是L10结构,其矫顽力由零增加到150.00Oe。此外,还研究了制备FePtx磁性纳米颗粒的影响因素,如：沉积电位、Fe2+浓度、pH值、分散剂(PVP)和阴极选材等。研究结果表明：a)在沉积电位为-18V、pH值在2.5时,得到的是FePtx磁性纳米颗粒而不形成薄膜；b)电化学法制备FePtx磁性纳米颗粒时,沉积电位的影响是至关重要的；c)适当地使用PVP可以有效地改善FePtx磁性纳米颗粒的分散性。因此,最后得到制备FePtx磁性纳米颗粒时的最佳工艺条件：在适量分散剂的作用下,沉积电位为-18V,pH值为2.5。
2)调整沉积电位为-7到-15V,使Fe和Pt能够尽可能的共同沉积在基体上制得FePtx磁性薄膜。在沉积电位为-11V、pH值为2.5时制得的FePtx薄膜较致密。SEM分析表明制备的由FePtx磁性纳米颗粒组成的FePtx薄膜厚度约为5μm；X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明制得的FePtx薄膜为FCC结构的(Fe, Pt)固溶体；VSM研究表明热处理后的FePtx薄膜转变为FCT结构,其矫顽力由零增加为150.00Oe。
In this paper, FePtx nanoparticles (NPS) and nanoscale film (NF) were prepared via pulse electrodeposited method (PEM), where FeSO4·7H2O and H2PtCl6·6H2O were used as Fe resource and Pt resource, respectively. The PEM-derived FePtxx NPs and NF were subsequently characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results are given as following in detail:
1) The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of FePtx NPs was obtained and its crystalline phase was transformed from FCC to L12 structure when the NPs were annealed at 700℃for 30 min under N2 atmosphere. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) results revealed that the FePtx particle sizes were averaged at 2.5 nm. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to determine the coercivities of PEM-derived and annealed FePtx NPs, which are significantly changed from zero to 150 Oe due to the formation of limited amount of FePtx with ordered phase of L10. In addition, the effect experimental factors, such as deposition potential, initial molar concentration of Fe2+, pH value, dispersant (PVP) and the cathode material, on the chemical composition and fine structure were investigated. The results show that:a) the FePtx NPs cannot construct the film under the condition of 18 V of potential and 2.5 of pH value; b) the potential has strong influence on the chemical composition of PEM-derived FePtx NPs; c) the addition of PVP can obviously improve the dispersion of the FePtx NPs. Thus, the optimum process for preparing the FePtx NPs was finally obtained: 18V of applied potential,2.5 of pH value, a certain quantity of PVP addition.
2) The FePtx NF can be formed in the case of controlling the deposit potential in the range of 7-15V due to the synchronous depositions of Fe and Pt atoms. The most compact FePtx NF will be obtained under the condition of 11V of potential and 2.5 of pH value. SEM study shows that the thickness of the film built with FePtx NPs is approximate 5μm. The FePtx NF is of FCC structure of (Fe,Pt) sold solution, as shown in XRD analysis. VSM studies show that the coercivity of FePtx NF changes from zero to 150 Oe before and after annealing, implying limited amount of FePtx with ordered phase of L10 formed.
1)X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明制得的FePtx磁性纳米颗粒是FCC结构的(Fe, Pt)固溶体,在N2气氛下经过700℃、30min的热处理后转变为L12结构；配备有能谱分析仪(EDX)的透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析表明制得的FePtx磁性纳米颗粒平均粒径在2.5nm左右。采用震动样品磁强计(VSM)测试热处理前后的FePtx的磁性能,由于热处理后的FePtx颗粒部分是L10结构,其矫顽力由零增加到150.00Oe。此外,还研究了制备FePtx磁性纳米颗粒的影响因素,如：沉积电位、Fe2+浓度、pH值、分散剂(PVP)和阴极选材等。研究结果表明：a)在沉积电位为-18V、pH值在2.5时,得到的是FePtx磁性纳米颗粒而不形成薄膜；b)电化学法制备FePtx磁性纳米颗粒时,沉积电位的影响是至关重要的；c)适当地使用PVP可以有效地改善FePtx磁性纳米颗粒的分散性。因此,最后得到制备FePtx磁性纳米颗粒时的最佳工艺条件：在适量分散剂的作用下,沉积电位为-18V,pH值为2.5。
2)调整沉积电位为-7到-15V,使Fe和Pt能够尽可能的共同沉积在基体上制得FePtx磁性薄膜。在沉积电位为-11V、pH值为2.5时制得的FePtx薄膜较致密。SEM分析表明制备的由FePtx磁性纳米颗粒组成的FePtx薄膜厚度约为5μm；X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明制得的FePtx薄膜为FCC结构的(Fe, Pt)固溶体；VSM研究表明热处理后的FePtx薄膜转变为FCT结构,其矫顽力由零增加为150.00Oe。
In this paper, FePtx nanoparticles (NPS) and nanoscale film (NF) were prepared via pulse electrodeposited method (PEM), where FeSO4·7H2O and H2PtCl6·6H2O were used as Fe resource and Pt resource, respectively. The PEM-derived FePtxx NPs and NF were subsequently characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results are given as following in detail:
1) The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of FePtx NPs was obtained and its crystalline phase was transformed from FCC to L12 structure when the NPs were annealed at 700℃for 30 min under N2 atmosphere. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) results revealed that the FePtx particle sizes were averaged at 2.5 nm. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to determine the coercivities of PEM-derived and annealed FePtx NPs, which are significantly changed from zero to 150 Oe due to the formation of limited amount of FePtx with ordered phase of L10. In addition, the effect experimental factors, such as deposition potential, initial molar concentration of Fe2+, pH value, dispersant (PVP) and the cathode material, on the chemical composition and fine structure were investigated. The results show that:a) the FePtx NPs cannot construct the film under the condition of 18 V of potential and 2.5 of pH value; b) the potential has strong influence on the chemical composition of PEM-derived FePtx NPs; c) the addition of PVP can obviously improve the dispersion of the FePtx NPs. Thus, the optimum process for preparing the FePtx NPs was finally obtained: 18V of applied potential,2.5 of pH value, a certain quantity of PVP addition.
2) The FePtx NF can be formed in the case of controlling the deposit potential in the range of 7-15V due to the synchronous depositions of Fe and Pt atoms. The most compact FePtx NF will be obtained under the condition of 11V of potential and 2.5 of pH value. SEM study shows that the thickness of the film built with FePtx NPs is approximate 5μm. The FePtx NF is of FCC structure of (Fe,Pt) sold solution, as shown in XRD analysis. VSM studies show that the coercivity of FePtx NF changes from zero to 150 Oe before and after annealing, implying limited amount of FePtx with ordered phase of L10 formed.
引文
[1]刘梅,张晓芬,张玉梅,等.纳米FePt薄膜材料的研究进展.吉林师范大学学报,2007,2(1)：7-10.
[2]高银浩,张文庆.纳米磁性材料的制备及应用的新进展.广州化工,2009.37(5)：6-12.
[3]田民波.磁性材料.北京：清华大学出版社,2005：82-87.
[4]S.Thongmee, J.Ding, J.Y.Lin, et al. FePt films fabricated by electrodeposition.Journal of Applied Physics,2007(101):09K519(1-3).
[5]Fernando, M.F.Rhen, G.Hinds, C.Reilly, et al.Electrodeposited FePt Films. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):2699-2672.
[6]杨志军,余振涛,李争显,等.Fe/Pt磁性薄膜的研究进展.稀有金属快报,2007,26(2)：7-12.
[7]Yu YS, Guo FY. Microstructure of Fe/Pt films anneled in magnetic field. Trans. Nonferrous Met. SOC. China,2006,16:324-326.
[8]任静,顾正飞,成钢,等.FePt纳米晶永磁材料的研究进展.金属功能材料,2004,11(6)：23-25.
[9]胡学让,吴培文,袁俊.FePt薄膜氧化的电子显微学表征.电子显微学报,2005,24(2)：85-87.
[10]M.Aslam, L.Fu, S.Li, et al.Silica encapsulation and magnetic properties of FePt nanoparticles.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2005(290):444-449.
[11]Sun SH, C.B.Murray, D.Weller.et al.Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices. Science,2000, 5460(287):1989-1992.
[12]冯乙巳,蔡伟平,李志刚.L10相FePt纳米颗粒及其纳米结构研究进展.前沿进展,2006,35(10)：860-863.
[13]Y.H.Huanga, J.Wana, Y.Zhanga, et al. Investigation of particle formation and superstructure development in FePt nanoparticles and their effect on magnetic properties. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2005,294:232-238.
[14]M.Yu, H.Ohguchi, A.Zambano, et al. Orientation and magnetic properties of FePt and CoPt films grown on MgO(110)single-crystal substrate by electron-beam coevaporation.Materials Science and Engineering B,2007,142:139-143.
[15]E.F.Carpenter, V.L.Kolesnichenko. Different composed of FePt nanoparticles Prepared by microemulsion particles.Chem. Rev., 2004(94):5672-5678.
[16]J.Charles, A.Sims, Amar Kumbhar, et al. Magnetic properties of FePtx/Au and CoPtx/Au core-shell nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2001,226(2):1915-1917.
[17]Liu C, Wu X, T.Klemmer, et al. Polyol Process Synthesis of Monodispersed FePt Nanoparticles. J.Phys.Chem.B,2004, 108:6121-6123.
[18]J.Chatter Jee, Y.Haik, Chen C-J. Abioeompatible magnetic film: synthesis and characterization.Bio-Magnetic Research and Technology, 2004,2:1-5.
[19]Nisha Shukla, Liu C, A.G.Roy. Oriented self-assembly of cubic FePt nanoparticles. Materials Letters,2006,8(60):995-998.
[20]张效岩,应卫江,王英.FePt纳米粒子有序膜结构的SPM研究.特种结构材料,2003,22(2)：164-167.
[21]T.J.Klemmer, Liu C, N.Shukla, et al. Combined reactions associated with L10 ordering. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2003, 266(1):79-87.
[22]T.Mahalingam, J.P.Chu, S.F.Wang. Structure and magnetic properties of sputtered FePtM (M=Ti,Nb) thin films.Materials Letters,2007,(67): 4046-4049.
[23]Chen M, E.Nikles, Yin HQ. et al. Patterning self-assembled FePt nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2003,2(266):8-11.
[24]B.Jeyadevan, A.Hobo, K.Urakawa, et al. FePt nanoparticles Prepared by Polyols reduction method.J Appl Phys.,2003(264):202-204.
[25]Balachandran, M.Multignera, M.P.Morales, et.al. Synthesis and characterization of FePt nanoparticles.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2007,316:753-755.
[26]Toru Lwaki, Bernd Rellinghaus, Sonja Stappert, et al. Magnetic properties of FePt nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2003,266(2):142-154
[27]Isao Matsui. Preparation of FePt magnetic nanoparticle films by plasma chemical vapor deposition for ultrahigh density data storage media. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,2006,45(10):33-37.
[28]M.Vazquez, C.Luna, M.P.Morales, et.al. Magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, ordering and properties. Physica B,2004,354:71-79.
[29]J.Lyubina, O.Gutfleisch, R.Skomski, et al. Phase transformations and thermodynamic properties of nanocrystalline FePt powders. Scripta Mater,2005,53:469-474.
[30]Wang HY, Mao WH, Ma XK.et al. Improvement in hard magnetic properties of FePt films by Naddition.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2004,95(5):2564-2568.
[31]Yong SW. Magnetic Properties and Microst ruct ure of Iron-platinum Thin Films. Magn Magn Mater.,1992,116(3):411-418.
[32]A.Perumal, K.Hyun Seok, Shin Sung Chul. Perpendicular Thin Films of Carbon-Doped FePt for Ultrahigh-Density Magnetic Recording Media. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):2320-2322.
[33]展晓元,顾有松,张大勇.纳米结构FePt薄膜的结构与磁性研究.功能材料与器件学报,2005,11(4)：415-419.
[34]王现英,方铭,李青会,等.新型磁存储介质L10有序FePt薄膜研究综述.材料导报,2005,(6)：91-95.
[35]Hai NH, N.M.Dempsey, D.Givord. Hard Magnetic FtPt Alloys Prepared by Cold Deformation.J Magn Mater,2003,262:353-357.
[36]Yin CK, T.Fukushima, T.Tanaka, et al.Magnetic properties of FePt nanodots formed by a self-assembled nanodot deposition method. Applied Physics Letters,2006,(89):91-93.
[37]Wang HL, Huang Y, Zhang Y,et al. Effects of annealing on the magnetic and structural properties of FePt nanoparticles prepared by chemical synthesis.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2007,310(1):22-27.
[38]Cui BZ, Han K, Li DS, et al. prepare FePt films by circular rolling and magnetic annealing method.Applied Physics Letters,2006,100:21-23.
[39]汪元亮,顾正飞,成钢,等.Fe-Pt纳米晶永磁合金薄膜研究现状.电工材料,2006,3：29-34.
[40]刘庆,陆文雄,印仁和.电化学法制备纳米材料的研究现状.材料保护,2004,37(2)：33-36.
[41]周绍民.金属电沉积.上海：上海科技技术出版社,1987：75-96.
[42]黄子勋.电镀理论.北京：中国农业机械出版社,1982：132-155.
[43]屠振密,胡会利,李宁,等.电沉积纳米晶合金的最新进展.表面技术,2008,37(1)：67-71.
[44]Tu ZM, Hu HL, Yu YC, et al. Preparation Methods and Mechanisms of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Materials. Electroplating &Pollution Control,2006,26(4):4-9.
[45]杨建明,朱荻,雷卫宁.电沉积法制备纳米晶材料的研究进展.材料保护,2003,36(4)：1-4.
[46]舒绪刚,何湘柱,黄慧民,等.纳米复合电沉积技术研究进展.材料保护,2007,40(7)：52-56.
[47]孙伟,张覃轶,叶卫平,等.纳米复合电沉积技术及机理研究的现状.材料保护,2005,38(6)：41-45.
[48]S.C.Hernandez, B.Y.Yoo, E.Stefanescu, et al. Electrodeposition of iron-palladium thin films. Electrochimica Acta,2008,53:5621-5627.
[49]邓姝皓,龚竹青,陈文汨.电沉积纳米晶体材料的研究现状与发展.电镀与涂饰,2001,20(4)：35-39.
[50]Bakonyi, Eniko Tothkadar, Lajos Pogany, et al. Preparation and characterization of deplated nanocrystalline nickel electrodeposits. Surf and Coat Technol,1996,78(3):124-126.
[51]Y.Mastal, D.Cal, G.Hodes. Nanocrystal size control of electrodeposited nanocrystalline semiconductor films by surface capping. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2000, 147(4):143-439.
[52]吴岭.铂纳米粒子的制备及其在铁电极表面自组装的研究：山东大学硕士学位论文.山东,山东大学,2007：25-34.
[53]Takuya Nakanishi, Masai Ozaki, HyoSeung Nam. et al. Pulsed electrodepositon of nanocrystalline Co2Ni2Fe softmagnetic films. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2001,148(9):627-631.
[54]Lidia Benea, Pier Luigi Bonora, Alberto Borello, et al. Composite electrodeposition to obtain nano structured. Journal of the Electro chemical Society,2001,148(7):C461-C465.
[55]葛洪良,吴琼,卫国英,等.恒电位电化学沉积FePtB合金薄膜的研究.功能材料,2007,38：1037-1038.
[56]K.Leistner, S.Oswald, J.Thomas, et al. Potential dependence of composition and structure of electrodeposited FePt films. Electrochimica Acta,2006,52(1):194-199.
[57]Wu PW, Hu XR, Qian J, er.al. Nonepitaxial growth of a (001) textured L10 Fe-Pt film in H2 and N2 annealing atmospheres. Rare Metals,2006, 25(3):260-265.
[58]都有为.磁性材料新近进展.物理,2006,9(35)：730-741.
[59]曹全金,张春富,汪勇先,等.抗癌药物靶向治疗研讨会论文,2002：4-6.
[60]K.Leistner, S.Fahler, H.Schlorb, et al. Preparation and characterization of electrodeposited FePt multilayers. Electrochemistry Communications,2006,8:916-920.
[61]Sun SH. Recent advances in chemical synthesis, self-Assembly, and applications of FePt nanoparticles. Adv. Mater,2006,18:393-403.
[62]Wen M, E.Kejia, Qi H, et al. Langmuir-Blodgett Self-assembly and electrochemical catalytic property of FePt magnetic nano-monolayer.Journal of Nanoparticle Research,2007,9:909-917.
[63]金延.磁性薄膜的制备.金属功能材料,2003,(6)：102-105.
[64]董凯锋,程伟明,程晓敏.L10有序FePt磁记录薄膜研究进展.信息记录材料,2007,8(3)：51-55.
[65]M.L.Plumer.The physics of ultra-high- density magnetic recording, New York:Springer,c2001.
[66]展晓元.北京科技大学博士学位论文,2007：19-22.
[67]Y.K.Takahashi, M.Ohnuma. Effect of Cu on the structure and magnetic properties of FePt sputtered film.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2002,246(2):259-265.
[68]T.Shima, M.Okamura, S.Mitani, et al. Structure and magnetic properties for L10-ordered FeNi films prepared by alternate monatomic layer deposition.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2007,310(2):2213-2214.
[69]Li BH, Feng C, Han G. et al.Effect of the underlayer (Ag,Ti or Bi) on the magnetic properties of Fe/Pt multilayer films. Thin Solid Films, 2007,515(20):8009-8012.
[70]Xu XH, Jin T, Li XL, et al. The effect of Ag layer on the structural and magnetic properties of (001)-oriented [C/CoPt/Ag]5 films. Thin Solid Films,2007,515(8):3936-3940.
[71]竺云.中国科学院物理研究所博士学位论文,2007：27-30.
[72]C.Y.You, Y.k.Takahashi, K.Hono. L10-ordered high coercivity (FePt)Ag-C granular thin films for perpendicular recording. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2006,8:100-105.
[73]M.Daniil, P.A.Farber, H.Okumura.et al. FePt/BN granular films for high-density recording media Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2002,2469(1):297-302.
[74]Luo CP, D.J.Sellmyer. Magnetism of nanophase composite films. Handbook of Thin Films,2002,75(31):337-374.
[75]Wei DH, You KL, Yao YD, et al. Magnetic properties of Fe/Pt films by symmetrical insertion of Ag.J Magn Magn Mater,2006,304:e231(1-4).
[76]M.Matsumoto, A.Morisako, N.Katayama. Nano-composite FePt-Al2O3 films for high-density magnetic recording. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2003,257(1):132-137.
[77]Shick AB, Mryasov ON. Coulomb correlations and magnetic anisotropy in ordered L10 CoPt and FePt alloys. Applied Physics Letyers, 2003,67(17):172-174.
[56]Takahashi YK, Ohnuma M. Effect of Cu on the structure and magnetic properties of FePt sputtered film.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2002,246(1-2):259-265.
[78]Wang F, Sayaka Doi, Kaori Hosoiri, et al. Microstructure of electrodeposited Fe-Pt binary alloy films. Materials Science and Engineering,2004,375:1289-1293.
[79]Zhao ZL, Ding J, Chen JS. et al. The effects of pinning layer on the magnetic properties of FePt perpendicular media.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2004,272(3):2186-2188.
[80]D.J.Sellmyer, Xu YF, Yan ML. et al. Assembly of high-anisotropy L10 FePt nanocomposite films. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2006,303(2):302-308.
[81]T.Suzuki, Zhang ZG, A.K.Singh, et al.High-density perpendicular magnetic recording media of granular-type (FePt/MgO)/soft underlayer. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2005,41(2):555-559.
[82]Yin JH, A.K.Singh, T.Suzuki, et al. Recording performance of granular-type FePt-MgO perpendicular media.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2005,41(10):3208-3210.
[83]Kang K, Zhang ZG, C.Papusoi. et al. Composite nanogranular films of FePt-MgO with (001) orientation onto glass substrates.Applied Physics Letyers,2004,84(3):404-406.
[84]M.Watanabe, T.Masumoto,Ping DH.et al. Microstructure and magnetic properties of FePt/Al/O granular thin films. Applied Physics Letyers, 2000,76(26):3971-3973.
[85]R.Mukai, T.Uzumaki, A.Tanaka.Monolayer of physically separated FePt islands with a tetragonal Ll0 structure produced by thermally created mass transport.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2003,39(4):1925-1929.
[86]Gai Z, Hong JY, Guo JD, et al.Self-assembled FePt nanodot arrays with mono-dispersion and-orientation. Applied Physics Letyers, 2005,86(2):107-110.
[87]Shigeru Ichihara, Miki Ueda, Tohru Den, et al. Electrodeposition of FePt Magnetic Material and Embedding Into Alumina-Nanoholes.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2005,41(10):3349-3352.
[88]K.Zuzek Rozman, A.Krause, K.Leistner, et.al. Electrodeposition and hard magnetic properties of CoPt film in comparison to FePt films. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2007,314:116-121.
[89]杜彦良,张光磊.现代材料概论.重庆：重庆大学出版社,2010：2-10.
[90]E.Elkins, K.S.Vedantam, T. Liu, et al. Ultrafine FePt Nanoparticles Prepared by the Chemical Reduction Method. Nano.Lett,2003, 3:1647-1649.
[91]K.Leistner, E.Backen, B.Schupp, et al. Phase formation, microstructure, and hard magnetic properties of electrodeposited FePt films. Journal of Applied Physics,2004,95(11):7267-7269.
[92]L.Cagnon, Y.Dahmane, J.Voiron, et al. Electrodeposited CoPt and FePt alloys nanowires. J. Mag. Mag. Mater.,2007,3(10):2428-2430.
[93]S.Thongmee, J.Ding, J.Y.Lill, et al. FePt films fabricated by electrodeposition. J.Appl.Phys,2007,10:09K519(1-3).
[94]M.Fernando, F.Rhen, G.Hinds, et al. Electrodeposited FePt Films. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):2699-2702.
[95]Yin CK, T.Fukushima, T.Tanaka, et al. Magnetic properties of FePt nanodots formed by a self-assembled nanodot deposition method. Applied Physics Letters,2006,89:91-93.
[96]J.J.Mallett, E.B.Svedberg, S.Sayan, et al. Compositional control in electrodeposition of FePt films. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters,2008,7(10):121-124.
[97]K.Kawai, S.Honda, R.Sugiki, et al. High coercive FePt alloys prepared by a new sputtering method. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2005,287:214-218.
[2]高银浩,张文庆.纳米磁性材料的制备及应用的新进展.广州化工,2009.37(5)：6-12.
[3]田民波.磁性材料.北京：清华大学出版社,2005：82-87.
[4]S.Thongmee, J.Ding, J.Y.Lin, et al. FePt films fabricated by electrodeposition.Journal of Applied Physics,2007(101):09K519(1-3).
[5]Fernando, M.F.Rhen, G.Hinds, C.Reilly, et al.Electrodeposited FePt Films. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):2699-2672.
[6]杨志军,余振涛,李争显,等.Fe/Pt磁性薄膜的研究进展.稀有金属快报,2007,26(2)：7-12.
[7]Yu YS, Guo FY. Microstructure of Fe/Pt films anneled in magnetic field. Trans. Nonferrous Met. SOC. China,2006,16:324-326.
[8]任静,顾正飞,成钢,等.FePt纳米晶永磁材料的研究进展.金属功能材料,2004,11(6)：23-25.
[9]胡学让,吴培文,袁俊.FePt薄膜氧化的电子显微学表征.电子显微学报,2005,24(2)：85-87.
[10]M.Aslam, L.Fu, S.Li, et al.Silica encapsulation and magnetic properties of FePt nanoparticles.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2005(290):444-449.
[11]Sun SH, C.B.Murray, D.Weller.et al.Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices. Science,2000, 5460(287):1989-1992.
[12]冯乙巳,蔡伟平,李志刚.L10相FePt纳米颗粒及其纳米结构研究进展.前沿进展,2006,35(10)：860-863.
[13]Y.H.Huanga, J.Wana, Y.Zhanga, et al. Investigation of particle formation and superstructure development in FePt nanoparticles and their effect on magnetic properties. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2005,294:232-238.
[14]M.Yu, H.Ohguchi, A.Zambano, et al. Orientation and magnetic properties of FePt and CoPt films grown on MgO(110)single-crystal substrate by electron-beam coevaporation.Materials Science and Engineering B,2007,142:139-143.
[15]E.F.Carpenter, V.L.Kolesnichenko. Different composed of FePt nanoparticles Prepared by microemulsion particles.Chem. Rev., 2004(94):5672-5678.
[16]J.Charles, A.Sims, Amar Kumbhar, et al. Magnetic properties of FePtx/Au and CoPtx/Au core-shell nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2001,226(2):1915-1917.
[17]Liu C, Wu X, T.Klemmer, et al. Polyol Process Synthesis of Monodispersed FePt Nanoparticles. J.Phys.Chem.B,2004, 108:6121-6123.
[18]J.Chatter Jee, Y.Haik, Chen C-J. Abioeompatible magnetic film: synthesis and characterization.Bio-Magnetic Research and Technology, 2004,2:1-5.
[19]Nisha Shukla, Liu C, A.G.Roy. Oriented self-assembly of cubic FePt nanoparticles. Materials Letters,2006,8(60):995-998.
[20]张效岩,应卫江,王英.FePt纳米粒子有序膜结构的SPM研究.特种结构材料,2003,22(2)：164-167.
[21]T.J.Klemmer, Liu C, N.Shukla, et al. Combined reactions associated with L10 ordering. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2003, 266(1):79-87.
[22]T.Mahalingam, J.P.Chu, S.F.Wang. Structure and magnetic properties of sputtered FePtM (M=Ti,Nb) thin films.Materials Letters,2007,(67): 4046-4049.
[23]Chen M, E.Nikles, Yin HQ. et al. Patterning self-assembled FePt nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2003,2(266):8-11.
[24]B.Jeyadevan, A.Hobo, K.Urakawa, et al. FePt nanoparticles Prepared by Polyols reduction method.J Appl Phys.,2003(264):202-204.
[25]Balachandran, M.Multignera, M.P.Morales, et.al. Synthesis and characterization of FePt nanoparticles.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2007,316:753-755.
[26]Toru Lwaki, Bernd Rellinghaus, Sonja Stappert, et al. Magnetic properties of FePt nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2003,266(2):142-154
[27]Isao Matsui. Preparation of FePt magnetic nanoparticle films by plasma chemical vapor deposition for ultrahigh density data storage media. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,2006,45(10):33-37.
[28]M.Vazquez, C.Luna, M.P.Morales, et.al. Magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, ordering and properties. Physica B,2004,354:71-79.
[29]J.Lyubina, O.Gutfleisch, R.Skomski, et al. Phase transformations and thermodynamic properties of nanocrystalline FePt powders. Scripta Mater,2005,53:469-474.
[30]Wang HY, Mao WH, Ma XK.et al. Improvement in hard magnetic properties of FePt films by Naddition.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2004,95(5):2564-2568.
[31]Yong SW. Magnetic Properties and Microst ruct ure of Iron-platinum Thin Films. Magn Magn Mater.,1992,116(3):411-418.
[32]A.Perumal, K.Hyun Seok, Shin Sung Chul. Perpendicular Thin Films of Carbon-Doped FePt for Ultrahigh-Density Magnetic Recording Media. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):2320-2322.
[33]展晓元,顾有松,张大勇.纳米结构FePt薄膜的结构与磁性研究.功能材料与器件学报,2005,11(4)：415-419.
[34]王现英,方铭,李青会,等.新型磁存储介质L10有序FePt薄膜研究综述.材料导报,2005,(6)：91-95.
[35]Hai NH, N.M.Dempsey, D.Givord. Hard Magnetic FtPt Alloys Prepared by Cold Deformation.J Magn Mater,2003,262:353-357.
[36]Yin CK, T.Fukushima, T.Tanaka, et al.Magnetic properties of FePt nanodots formed by a self-assembled nanodot deposition method. Applied Physics Letters,2006,(89):91-93.
[37]Wang HL, Huang Y, Zhang Y,et al. Effects of annealing on the magnetic and structural properties of FePt nanoparticles prepared by chemical synthesis.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2007,310(1):22-27.
[38]Cui BZ, Han K, Li DS, et al. prepare FePt films by circular rolling and magnetic annealing method.Applied Physics Letters,2006,100:21-23.
[39]汪元亮,顾正飞,成钢,等.Fe-Pt纳米晶永磁合金薄膜研究现状.电工材料,2006,3：29-34.
[40]刘庆,陆文雄,印仁和.电化学法制备纳米材料的研究现状.材料保护,2004,37(2)：33-36.
[41]周绍民.金属电沉积.上海：上海科技技术出版社,1987：75-96.
[42]黄子勋.电镀理论.北京：中国农业机械出版社,1982：132-155.
[43]屠振密,胡会利,李宁,等.电沉积纳米晶合金的最新进展.表面技术,2008,37(1)：67-71.
[44]Tu ZM, Hu HL, Yu YC, et al. Preparation Methods and Mechanisms of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Materials. Electroplating &Pollution Control,2006,26(4):4-9.
[45]杨建明,朱荻,雷卫宁.电沉积法制备纳米晶材料的研究进展.材料保护,2003,36(4)：1-4.
[46]舒绪刚,何湘柱,黄慧民,等.纳米复合电沉积技术研究进展.材料保护,2007,40(7)：52-56.
[47]孙伟,张覃轶,叶卫平,等.纳米复合电沉积技术及机理研究的现状.材料保护,2005,38(6)：41-45.
[48]S.C.Hernandez, B.Y.Yoo, E.Stefanescu, et al. Electrodeposition of iron-palladium thin films. Electrochimica Acta,2008,53:5621-5627.
[49]邓姝皓,龚竹青,陈文汨.电沉积纳米晶体材料的研究现状与发展.电镀与涂饰,2001,20(4)：35-39.
[50]Bakonyi, Eniko Tothkadar, Lajos Pogany, et al. Preparation and characterization of deplated nanocrystalline nickel electrodeposits. Surf and Coat Technol,1996,78(3):124-126.
[51]Y.Mastal, D.Cal, G.Hodes. Nanocrystal size control of electrodeposited nanocrystalline semiconductor films by surface capping. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2000, 147(4):143-439.
[52]吴岭.铂纳米粒子的制备及其在铁电极表面自组装的研究：山东大学硕士学位论文.山东,山东大学,2007：25-34.
[53]Takuya Nakanishi, Masai Ozaki, HyoSeung Nam. et al. Pulsed electrodepositon of nanocrystalline Co2Ni2Fe softmagnetic films. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2001,148(9):627-631.
[54]Lidia Benea, Pier Luigi Bonora, Alberto Borello, et al. Composite electrodeposition to obtain nano structured. Journal of the Electro chemical Society,2001,148(7):C461-C465.
[55]葛洪良,吴琼,卫国英,等.恒电位电化学沉积FePtB合金薄膜的研究.功能材料,2007,38：1037-1038.
[56]K.Leistner, S.Oswald, J.Thomas, et al. Potential dependence of composition and structure of electrodeposited FePt films. Electrochimica Acta,2006,52(1):194-199.
[57]Wu PW, Hu XR, Qian J, er.al. Nonepitaxial growth of a (001) textured L10 Fe-Pt film in H2 and N2 annealing atmospheres. Rare Metals,2006, 25(3):260-265.
[58]都有为.磁性材料新近进展.物理,2006,9(35)：730-741.
[59]曹全金,张春富,汪勇先,等.抗癌药物靶向治疗研讨会论文,2002：4-6.
[60]K.Leistner, S.Fahler, H.Schlorb, et al. Preparation and characterization of electrodeposited FePt multilayers. Electrochemistry Communications,2006,8:916-920.
[61]Sun SH. Recent advances in chemical synthesis, self-Assembly, and applications of FePt nanoparticles. Adv. Mater,2006,18:393-403.
[62]Wen M, E.Kejia, Qi H, et al. Langmuir-Blodgett Self-assembly and electrochemical catalytic property of FePt magnetic nano-monolayer.Journal of Nanoparticle Research,2007,9:909-917.
[63]金延.磁性薄膜的制备.金属功能材料,2003,(6)：102-105.
[64]董凯锋,程伟明,程晓敏.L10有序FePt磁记录薄膜研究进展.信息记录材料,2007,8(3)：51-55.
[65]M.L.Plumer.The physics of ultra-high- density magnetic recording, New York:Springer,c2001.
[66]展晓元.北京科技大学博士学位论文,2007：19-22.
[67]Y.K.Takahashi, M.Ohnuma. Effect of Cu on the structure and magnetic properties of FePt sputtered film.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2002,246(2):259-265.
[68]T.Shima, M.Okamura, S.Mitani, et al. Structure and magnetic properties for L10-ordered FeNi films prepared by alternate monatomic layer deposition.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2007,310(2):2213-2214.
[69]Li BH, Feng C, Han G. et al.Effect of the underlayer (Ag,Ti or Bi) on the magnetic properties of Fe/Pt multilayer films. Thin Solid Films, 2007,515(20):8009-8012.
[70]Xu XH, Jin T, Li XL, et al. The effect of Ag layer on the structural and magnetic properties of (001)-oriented [C/CoPt/Ag]5 films. Thin Solid Films,2007,515(8):3936-3940.
[71]竺云.中国科学院物理研究所博士学位论文,2007：27-30.
[72]C.Y.You, Y.k.Takahashi, K.Hono. L10-ordered high coercivity (FePt)Ag-C granular thin films for perpendicular recording. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2006,8:100-105.
[73]M.Daniil, P.A.Farber, H.Okumura.et al. FePt/BN granular films for high-density recording media Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2002,2469(1):297-302.
[74]Luo CP, D.J.Sellmyer. Magnetism of nanophase composite films. Handbook of Thin Films,2002,75(31):337-374.
[75]Wei DH, You KL, Yao YD, et al. Magnetic properties of Fe/Pt films by symmetrical insertion of Ag.J Magn Magn Mater,2006,304:e231(1-4).
[76]M.Matsumoto, A.Morisako, N.Katayama. Nano-composite FePt-Al2O3 films for high-density magnetic recording. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2003,257(1):132-137.
[77]Shick AB, Mryasov ON. Coulomb correlations and magnetic anisotropy in ordered L10 CoPt and FePt alloys. Applied Physics Letyers, 2003,67(17):172-174.
[56]Takahashi YK, Ohnuma M. Effect of Cu on the structure and magnetic properties of FePt sputtered film.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2002,246(1-2):259-265.
[78]Wang F, Sayaka Doi, Kaori Hosoiri, et al. Microstructure of electrodeposited Fe-Pt binary alloy films. Materials Science and Engineering,2004,375:1289-1293.
[79]Zhao ZL, Ding J, Chen JS. et al. The effects of pinning layer on the magnetic properties of FePt perpendicular media.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2004,272(3):2186-2188.
[80]D.J.Sellmyer, Xu YF, Yan ML. et al. Assembly of high-anisotropy L10 FePt nanocomposite films. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2006,303(2):302-308.
[81]T.Suzuki, Zhang ZG, A.K.Singh, et al.High-density perpendicular magnetic recording media of granular-type (FePt/MgO)/soft underlayer. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2005,41(2):555-559.
[82]Yin JH, A.K.Singh, T.Suzuki, et al. Recording performance of granular-type FePt-MgO perpendicular media.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2005,41(10):3208-3210.
[83]Kang K, Zhang ZG, C.Papusoi. et al. Composite nanogranular films of FePt-MgO with (001) orientation onto glass substrates.Applied Physics Letyers,2004,84(3):404-406.
[84]M.Watanabe, T.Masumoto,Ping DH.et al. Microstructure and magnetic properties of FePt/Al/O granular thin films. Applied Physics Letyers, 2000,76(26):3971-3973.
[85]R.Mukai, T.Uzumaki, A.Tanaka.Monolayer of physically separated FePt islands with a tetragonal Ll0 structure produced by thermally created mass transport.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2003,39(4):1925-1929.
[86]Gai Z, Hong JY, Guo JD, et al.Self-assembled FePt nanodot arrays with mono-dispersion and-orientation. Applied Physics Letyers, 2005,86(2):107-110.
[87]Shigeru Ichihara, Miki Ueda, Tohru Den, et al. Electrodeposition of FePt Magnetic Material and Embedding Into Alumina-Nanoholes.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2005,41(10):3349-3352.
[88]K.Zuzek Rozman, A.Krause, K.Leistner, et.al. Electrodeposition and hard magnetic properties of CoPt film in comparison to FePt films. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2007,314:116-121.
[89]杜彦良,张光磊.现代材料概论.重庆：重庆大学出版社,2010：2-10.
[90]E.Elkins, K.S.Vedantam, T. Liu, et al. Ultrafine FePt Nanoparticles Prepared by the Chemical Reduction Method. Nano.Lett,2003, 3:1647-1649.
[91]K.Leistner, E.Backen, B.Schupp, et al. Phase formation, microstructure, and hard magnetic properties of electrodeposited FePt films. Journal of Applied Physics,2004,95(11):7267-7269.
[92]L.Cagnon, Y.Dahmane, J.Voiron, et al. Electrodeposited CoPt and FePt alloys nanowires. J. Mag. Mag. Mater.,2007,3(10):2428-2430.
[93]S.Thongmee, J.Ding, J.Y.Lill, et al. FePt films fabricated by electrodeposition. J.Appl.Phys,2007,10:09K519(1-3).
[94]M.Fernando, F.Rhen, G.Hinds, et al. Electrodeposited FePt Films. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):2699-2702.
[95]Yin CK, T.Fukushima, T.Tanaka, et al. Magnetic properties of FePt nanodots formed by a self-assembled nanodot deposition method. Applied Physics Letters,2006,89:91-93.
[96]J.J.Mallett, E.B.Svedberg, S.Sayan, et al. Compositional control in electrodeposition of FePt films. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters,2008,7(10):121-124.
[97]K.Kawai, S.Honda, R.Sugiki, et al. High coercive FePt alloys prepared by a new sputtering method. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2005,287:214-218.