基于PIC单片机的胰岛素泵硬件电路的设计与实现
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摘要
胰岛素泵是一种治疗糖尿病的高科技微型化电子产品,它具有微量输注、血糖控制平稳、可靠性高等优点。随着糖尿病人群的不断扩大,胰岛素泵具有越来越广阔的市场发展空间。本文的目标是设计一款便携式开环胰岛素实验泵,重点在于硬件电路设计。
在对胰岛素泵结构和工作原理进行研究的基础上,本文形成了胰岛素泵硬件电路的模块化设计方案。胰岛素泵的整个硬件电路分成中央处理模块、电机驱动模块、液晶显示模块、键控模块、电源模块、外部EEPROM模块、时钟模块、报警模块和检测模块等九大部分,本文从主要元器件选型,到各功能电路的具体连接,完成各个模块的设计,最后融合成一个完整的胰岛素泵电路系统。
电机是胰岛素泵的核心控制部分。本文选用PIC单片机控制微型直流伺服电机,采用PWM调速方案控制注射器的推进速度。本文在胰岛素泵专用注射器的输注推力和输注速度关系测试实验、电机端与负载端基本公式关系推算的基础上,首次提出基础率的电机步进脉冲式控制输注算法和大剂量的电机连续控制输注算法。此外,本文从本质低功耗和功耗管理两方面对胰岛素泵的硬件电路和部分软件进行了具体的低功耗设计,同时考虑了硬件电路的电磁兼容性。
通过开发实验板的在线仿真调试和软件配合,本实验泵基本达到各项性能指标的要求,完成了全中文图形菜单式操作界面的设计,实现了基础率和大剂量的输注控制,从而证明了硬件电路设计的正确性和可行性,基本上取得预期效果。
Insulin pump is a high-tech subminiature electronic product for diabetes therapy, which has many advantages such as microinfusion, the blood glucose control smooth and high-reliability.As the diabetes crowd increasing continuously, insulin pump has more and more wide market .The thesis is mainly about the research on the hardware circuit of a portable open-loop trial insulin pump.
Based on the researching of the structrution and working theory of the insulin pump, the thesis formed the modularization design method for insulin pump’s hardware circuit.The whole circuit is mainly divided into nine functional modules as follows: the central disposal module,the motor drive module,the LCD display module,the key control module, the power supply module, the external EEPROM module,the clock module,the alarm module and the detect module. From the aspects of the selection of the primary component and the concrete circuit connection, the thesis completes each module’s design, and at last incorporates an integrated circuit system.
Motor is the core part of insulin pump.The thesis adopted the PIC single chip mirocomputer to control the DC servomotor, and PWM speed adjusting method to control the infusion speed.The thesis has put forward the motor step-pulse control algorithm for the basal infusion rate and the motor continuous control algorithm for a large dose infusion for the first time,which are based upon the experiment of the testing the relationship of infusion thrust and speed with the special insulin pump injector and the formula calculation between the motor and the load . Furthermore, the thesis has considered the low power for the whole system from the aspects of intrinsical low power and power management, and the electromagnetism compatible characteristic for the hardware circuit.
Through the online simulation debugging to the experiment board, and assorted the program, the insulin pump has completely all kinds of technical indexes basically,realized the operational interface menu design,which is intergrates chinese character and garph. consequently validated the correctness and feasibility of the hardware circuit .and has achieved the prospective purpose basically.
在对胰岛素泵结构和工作原理进行研究的基础上,本文形成了胰岛素泵硬件电路的模块化设计方案。胰岛素泵的整个硬件电路分成中央处理模块、电机驱动模块、液晶显示模块、键控模块、电源模块、外部EEPROM模块、时钟模块、报警模块和检测模块等九大部分,本文从主要元器件选型,到各功能电路的具体连接,完成各个模块的设计,最后融合成一个完整的胰岛素泵电路系统。
电机是胰岛素泵的核心控制部分。本文选用PIC单片机控制微型直流伺服电机,采用PWM调速方案控制注射器的推进速度。本文在胰岛素泵专用注射器的输注推力和输注速度关系测试实验、电机端与负载端基本公式关系推算的基础上,首次提出基础率的电机步进脉冲式控制输注算法和大剂量的电机连续控制输注算法。此外,本文从本质低功耗和功耗管理两方面对胰岛素泵的硬件电路和部分软件进行了具体的低功耗设计,同时考虑了硬件电路的电磁兼容性。
通过开发实验板的在线仿真调试和软件配合,本实验泵基本达到各项性能指标的要求,完成了全中文图形菜单式操作界面的设计,实现了基础率和大剂量的输注控制,从而证明了硬件电路设计的正确性和可行性,基本上取得预期效果。
Insulin pump is a high-tech subminiature electronic product for diabetes therapy, which has many advantages such as microinfusion, the blood glucose control smooth and high-reliability.As the diabetes crowd increasing continuously, insulin pump has more and more wide market .The thesis is mainly about the research on the hardware circuit of a portable open-loop trial insulin pump.
Based on the researching of the structrution and working theory of the insulin pump, the thesis formed the modularization design method for insulin pump’s hardware circuit.The whole circuit is mainly divided into nine functional modules as follows: the central disposal module,the motor drive module,the LCD display module,the key control module, the power supply module, the external EEPROM module,the clock module,the alarm module and the detect module. From the aspects of the selection of the primary component and the concrete circuit connection, the thesis completes each module’s design, and at last incorporates an integrated circuit system.
Motor is the core part of insulin pump.The thesis adopted the PIC single chip mirocomputer to control the DC servomotor, and PWM speed adjusting method to control the infusion speed.The thesis has put forward the motor step-pulse control algorithm for the basal infusion rate and the motor continuous control algorithm for a large dose infusion for the first time,which are based upon the experiment of the testing the relationship of infusion thrust and speed with the special insulin pump injector and the formula calculation between the motor and the load . Furthermore, the thesis has considered the low power for the whole system from the aspects of intrinsical low power and power management, and the electromagnetism compatible characteristic for the hardware circuit.
Through the online simulation debugging to the experiment board, and assorted the program, the insulin pump has completely all kinds of technical indexes basically,realized the operational interface menu design,which is intergrates chinese character and garph. consequently validated the correctness and feasibility of the hardware circuit .and has achieved the prospective purpose basically.
引文
[1]蒋素玲,谢金长.糖尿病的辨证分期治疗.中医药临床杂志.2005.(1):70
[2]臧庆,王琪民.胰岛素泵的研究及对人工胰腺发展的展望.国外医学生物医学工程分册.2005.28(2):98-101
[3] Elizabeth Stephens,Matthew Riddle.Evolving Approaches to Intensive Insulin Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes: Multiple Daily Injections, Insulin Pumps and New Methods of Monitoring. Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders .2003.(4):325–334
[4]荆丹清.胰岛素泵.中国临床医生.1999.27(12):50
[5] Jon S.Thompson,William C. Duckworth.Insulin Pumps and Glucose Regulation.World Journal of Surgery.2001,25:523-525
[6] jz:胰岛素泵的历史.Online:http://www.beng365.com/ReadNews.asp? NewsID=199.Acess 16th,Novenbor,2007
[7]易卫军.胰岛素泵的研制与进展.医疗卫生装备.2004.(7):29-31.
[8] Paul Grant*,A new approach to diabetic control:Fuzzy logic and insulin pump technology .Medical Engieering & Physics.2006,1-4
[9]沈兴平.胰岛素泵的结构、工作原理及临床优势.糖尿病之友.2005.(12):35
[10] Online:http://info.med.hc360.com/html/001/009/002/001/63828-4.htm
[11]陈月梅.胰岛素泵及其市场状况.上海生物医学工程.2005.26(1):60-62
[12] Online:http://bbs.tnbz.com/thread-4687-1-1.html
[13]陈连坤.嵌入式系统的设计与开发.北京:清华大学出版社,北京交通大学出版社,2005.6-10
[14]李学海.PIC单片机原理.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.14-36
[15] Online:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4aa6afdc0100087t.html
[16]刘笃仁.PIC软硬件系统设计-基于PIC16F87X系列.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.112-125
[17] Microchip Technolegy:“Data Sheet”,PIC18F6520/8520/6620/8620/6720 /7820,2004
[18] Microchip Technolegy:“Data Sheet”,PIC16F883/884/886/887,2006
[19]严利平,卓清锋等.PIC16F877单片机的图形液晶显示模块接口技术.单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2001.(6):24-26
[20] SVM12649TFFC-1 Specfication.China Display Tecnology,2005
[21] Nippon Precision Circuits:“Data Sheet”,SM4148B,2005
[22] Microchip Technolegy:“Data Sheet”,24AA515/24LC515/24FC515,2004
[23] MAXIM Corporation:“Data Sheet”,DS1339 I2C Serial Real-Time Clock, 2006
[24]魏智.合理选择DC-DC转换器.单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2002,4:133-136
[25] MAXIM Corporation:“Data Sheet”,MAX1674/MAX1675/MAX1676,2005
[26] MPLAB-ICD2 On-line debugger user‘s.Burnon Technology,2005
[27] High Precision Drivers Systems.maxon motor 2004 04/05
[28]杨兴瑶.电动机调速的原理及系统.北京:水利电力出版社,1979.282-304
[29]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.1-11
[30]赵庆阳.医用输液泵电控系统的研究.长春理工大学硕士论文.2002.5-20
[31]求是科技.PIC单片机典型模块设计实例导航.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005,367-379
[32]马达驱动控制芯片.L9110
[33]胡嗣云.单向直流电机的MCU控制电路设计.中国仪器仪表.2003,1:10-11
[34]吴少军,刘光斌.实用低功耗设计——原理、器件与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.3-4
[35]何立民.单片机高级教程——应用与设计.第二版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.266-268
[36] Venkatesan Muthukumar , Bharath Radhakrishnan , Henry Selvaraj. Multiple Voltage and frequency scheduling for power minimization . JournalofSystemArchitecture51,2005,382–394
[37]杨建国,申忠如,王建校.电池供电单片机系统延长使用时间的几点有效措施.电测与仪表.1998,(1):435-438
[38] Online:http://www.12315.sh.cn/cgi-bin/xxllxx.php3?lbbh=0701&xxbh=3 30
[39]车键.嵌入式系统中低功耗设计.电子测量技术. 2004,(3):16-18
[40]邵贝贝.微控制器(单片机)抗干扰能力与电磁兼容.电子技术.1996,23(11):39-42
[41]区健昌.电子设备的电磁兼容性设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.183-236
[42]金永贤.智能化电子产品的低功耗设计.华东交通大学学报.2001.1(18):15-17
[43]李丕垠.单片机系统的电磁兼容性设计.电子技术.1998,23(11):290-296
[44]郑阿奇.MATLAB实用教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.115-125
[45]苏金明,阮沈勇,王永利.MATLAB工程数学.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.469-48
[2]臧庆,王琪民.胰岛素泵的研究及对人工胰腺发展的展望.国外医学生物医学工程分册.2005.28(2):98-101
[3] Elizabeth Stephens,Matthew Riddle.Evolving Approaches to Intensive Insulin Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes: Multiple Daily Injections, Insulin Pumps and New Methods of Monitoring. Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders .2003.(4):325–334
[4]荆丹清.胰岛素泵.中国临床医生.1999.27(12):50
[5] Jon S.Thompson,William C. Duckworth.Insulin Pumps and Glucose Regulation.World Journal of Surgery.2001,25:523-525
[6] jz:胰岛素泵的历史.Online:http://www.beng365.com/ReadNews.asp? NewsID=199.Acess 16th,Novenbor,2007
[7]易卫军.胰岛素泵的研制与进展.医疗卫生装备.2004.(7):29-31.
[8] Paul Grant*,A new approach to diabetic control:Fuzzy logic and insulin pump technology .Medical Engieering & Physics.2006,1-4
[9]沈兴平.胰岛素泵的结构、工作原理及临床优势.糖尿病之友.2005.(12):35
[10] Online:http://info.med.hc360.com/html/001/009/002/001/63828-4.htm
[11]陈月梅.胰岛素泵及其市场状况.上海生物医学工程.2005.26(1):60-62
[12] Online:http://bbs.tnbz.com/thread-4687-1-1.html
[13]陈连坤.嵌入式系统的设计与开发.北京:清华大学出版社,北京交通大学出版社,2005.6-10
[14]李学海.PIC单片机原理.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.14-36
[15] Online:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4aa6afdc0100087t.html
[16]刘笃仁.PIC软硬件系统设计-基于PIC16F87X系列.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.112-125
[17] Microchip Technolegy:“Data Sheet”,PIC18F6520/8520/6620/8620/6720 /7820,2004
[18] Microchip Technolegy:“Data Sheet”,PIC16F883/884/886/887,2006
[19]严利平,卓清锋等.PIC16F877单片机的图形液晶显示模块接口技术.单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2001.(6):24-26
[20] SVM12649TFFC-1 Specfication.China Display Tecnology,2005
[21] Nippon Precision Circuits:“Data Sheet”,SM4148B,2005
[22] Microchip Technolegy:“Data Sheet”,24AA515/24LC515/24FC515,2004
[23] MAXIM Corporation:“Data Sheet”,DS1339 I2C Serial Real-Time Clock, 2006
[24]魏智.合理选择DC-DC转换器.单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2002,4:133-136
[25] MAXIM Corporation:“Data Sheet”,MAX1674/MAX1675/MAX1676,2005
[26] MPLAB-ICD2 On-line debugger user‘s.Burnon Technology,2005
[27] High Precision Drivers Systems.maxon motor 2004 04/05
[28]杨兴瑶.电动机调速的原理及系统.北京:水利电力出版社,1979.282-304
[29]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.1-11
[30]赵庆阳.医用输液泵电控系统的研究.长春理工大学硕士论文.2002.5-20
[31]求是科技.PIC单片机典型模块设计实例导航.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005,367-379
[32]马达驱动控制芯片.L9110
[33]胡嗣云.单向直流电机的MCU控制电路设计.中国仪器仪表.2003,1:10-11
[34]吴少军,刘光斌.实用低功耗设计——原理、器件与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.3-4
[35]何立民.单片机高级教程——应用与设计.第二版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.266-268
[36] Venkatesan Muthukumar , Bharath Radhakrishnan , Henry Selvaraj. Multiple Voltage and frequency scheduling for power minimization . JournalofSystemArchitecture51,2005,382–394
[37]杨建国,申忠如,王建校.电池供电单片机系统延长使用时间的几点有效措施.电测与仪表.1998,(1):435-438
[38] Online:http://www.12315.sh.cn/cgi-bin/xxllxx.php3?lbbh=0701&xxbh=3 30
[39]车键.嵌入式系统中低功耗设计.电子测量技术. 2004,(3):16-18
[40]邵贝贝.微控制器(单片机)抗干扰能力与电磁兼容.电子技术.1996,23(11):39-42
[41]区健昌.电子设备的电磁兼容性设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.183-236
[42]金永贤.智能化电子产品的低功耗设计.华东交通大学学报.2001.1(18):15-17
[43]李丕垠.单片机系统的电磁兼容性设计.电子技术.1998,23(11):290-296
[44]郑阿奇.MATLAB实用教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.115-125
[45]苏金明,阮沈勇,王永利.MATLAB工程数学.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.469-48