工业电雷管在电磁环境下的受作用机理与安全性研究
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摘要
电磁环境会影响到工业电雷管在生产,运输和使用中的安全性和可靠性,历史上由于电雷管接收到电磁辐射能曾引发过多起严重的事故。本文开展了对工业电雷管在电磁环境下所受到的危害,危害产生的机理,以及如何防止和减小射频危害的研究。
本文探讨了电磁辐射对工业电雷管安全性和可靠性的危害,研究了电磁场能量耦合的方式和射频致使工业电雷管发火的模式。
本文提出了工业电雷管受电磁环境危害的机理:工业电雷管相当于天线从射频场中接收到能量,该能量在桥丝中产生电流,从而导致电雷管意外发火或瞎火。本文通过数值模拟,建立了工业电雷管在射频环境下的二维模型。计算表明桥丝的几何参数对工业电雷管在电磁环境下的意外发火起着至关重要的作用,而桥丝、药剂的热学参数对桥丝温度有一定的影响,但不是主要影响因素。
本文在中国兵器第213研究所火工品安全性可靠性国防科技实验室进行了工业电雷管射频阻抗和射频感度试验,给出了煤矿许用和地震勘探电雷管的射频感度。
本文由最不利情况分析法对工业电雷管安全功率密度和防射频安全距离进行推算,给出了工业电雷管防射频安全距离。该防射频安全距离可以作为工程人员施工时的一个参考,也可用于爆炸安全事故的分析。
本文设计出了一套利用等效远距离处电磁场强度来检验工业电雷管防射频安全距离的试验方法。并利用此方法在强电磁场国防科技重点试验室对工业电雷管防射频安全距离进行了现场验证,证明了工业电雷管防射频安全距离具有10倍的安全裕度。
在最后本文提出应该从从提高工业电雷管的射频感度,衰减射频能量和隔离射频源三个方面着手采取预防措施以提高工业电雷管在电磁环境中的安全性和可靠性。
Electromagnetic environment would influence the producing,transferring and using of commercial electric detonators.In history,there are many serious accidents because commercial electric detonators received energy from electromagnetic environment.The hazards of radio frequency radiation,hazard mechanism and the way to reduce the hazards are researched in the paper.
The electromagnetic hazards and detonating mode of commercial electric detonators are studied in the paper.
The hazard mechanism can be described like this:the electric current,which was produced by electromagnetic energy,lead commercial electric detonator blasting.
Two-dimensional mode of commercial electric detonators in electromagnetic environment had been founded in the paper.The calculation show that geometry parameter of bridge play more important role in unexpected blasting compared with heat parameter.
In the paper,the test for impedance and sensitive of commercial electric detonators had been done in CNGC 213~(th) research institute and the results had been recorded.
The safety distance for the prevention of radio frequency radiation had been calculated conceding the worst situation.The safety distance can be used as reference for engineer,and it also can be used to analyze blasting accident.
A new testing method had been designed to veriflcate the safety distance of commercial electric detonators for prevention of radio frequency radiation in the paper. And the method has been used to verificate safety distance which shows 10 times safety safety coefficient in National Defense Key Laboratory of Strong Electromagnetism Emulation and the Protection Technique.
There are three ways suggested at the last of the paper to keep commercial electric detonators safe and reliable:one is improving sensitive,the other is attenuating radio frequency radiation energy,the last one is isolation.
本文探讨了电磁辐射对工业电雷管安全性和可靠性的危害,研究了电磁场能量耦合的方式和射频致使工业电雷管发火的模式。
本文提出了工业电雷管受电磁环境危害的机理:工业电雷管相当于天线从射频场中接收到能量,该能量在桥丝中产生电流,从而导致电雷管意外发火或瞎火。本文通过数值模拟,建立了工业电雷管在射频环境下的二维模型。计算表明桥丝的几何参数对工业电雷管在电磁环境下的意外发火起着至关重要的作用,而桥丝、药剂的热学参数对桥丝温度有一定的影响,但不是主要影响因素。
本文在中国兵器第213研究所火工品安全性可靠性国防科技实验室进行了工业电雷管射频阻抗和射频感度试验,给出了煤矿许用和地震勘探电雷管的射频感度。
本文由最不利情况分析法对工业电雷管安全功率密度和防射频安全距离进行推算,给出了工业电雷管防射频安全距离。该防射频安全距离可以作为工程人员施工时的一个参考,也可用于爆炸安全事故的分析。
本文设计出了一套利用等效远距离处电磁场强度来检验工业电雷管防射频安全距离的试验方法。并利用此方法在强电磁场国防科技重点试验室对工业电雷管防射频安全距离进行了现场验证,证明了工业电雷管防射频安全距离具有10倍的安全裕度。
在最后本文提出应该从从提高工业电雷管的射频感度,衰减射频能量和隔离射频源三个方面着手采取预防措施以提高工业电雷管在电磁环境中的安全性和可靠性。
Electromagnetic environment would influence the producing,transferring and using of commercial electric detonators.In history,there are many serious accidents because commercial electric detonators received energy from electromagnetic environment.The hazards of radio frequency radiation,hazard mechanism and the way to reduce the hazards are researched in the paper.
The electromagnetic hazards and detonating mode of commercial electric detonators are studied in the paper.
The hazard mechanism can be described like this:the electric current,which was produced by electromagnetic energy,lead commercial electric detonator blasting.
Two-dimensional mode of commercial electric detonators in electromagnetic environment had been founded in the paper.The calculation show that geometry parameter of bridge play more important role in unexpected blasting compared with heat parameter.
In the paper,the test for impedance and sensitive of commercial electric detonators had been done in CNGC 213~(th) research institute and the results had been recorded.
The safety distance for the prevention of radio frequency radiation had been calculated conceding the worst situation.The safety distance can be used as reference for engineer,and it also can be used to analyze blasting accident.
A new testing method had been designed to veriflcate the safety distance of commercial electric detonators for prevention of radio frequency radiation in the paper. And the method has been used to verificate safety distance which shows 10 times safety safety coefficient in National Defense Key Laboratory of Strong Electromagnetism Emulation and the Protection Technique.
There are three ways suggested at the last of the paper to keep commercial electric detonators safe and reliable:one is improving sensitive,the other is attenuating radio frequency radiation energy,the last one is isolation.
引文
[1]GJB551-88 火工品术语:2
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[7]汪佩兰,李挂茗.火工与烟火安全技术.北京理工大学出版社,1996:18-32
[8]Thomas A.Baginski,Aubem,Ala.Radio Frequency and Electrostatic Discharge Insensitive Electro-explosive Device Having Nonlinear Resistences.United States Patent.Patent Number:5,905,226,1997:24-31
[9]MIL-STD-1385B.预防电磁场对劳械危害的一般要求,1986:5-6
[10]TRIGO V3.1:Radiation Hazards and Electromagnetic Environment Analysis.User Guide,1997:7-12
[11]BS 4992:British Standard Guide to protection Against Ignition and Detonation by Radio Frequency Radiation,February.1974:34-36
[12]GJB5309.13-2004.火工品试验方法电火工品射频感度试验:1-4
[13]GJB377-87.感度试验用升降法:1-4
[14]王凯民.军用火工品设计技术.国防工业出版社,2006:98-118
[15]GJB5309.12-2004.火工品试验方法 电火工品射频阻抗测定:1-3
[15]Nondestructive Tester for Field Use to Determine Whether a Blasting Cap is Radiofrequence Power Insensetive.James G.Stuart ph.D.17E&PS,2003:22-26
[16]GB 18039.1-2000.电磁兼容 环境 电磁环境的分类:3-6
[17]蔡仁刚.电磁兼容原理、设计和预测技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,1997:78-85
[18]林国荣.电磁干扰及控制.电子工业出版社,2003:34-40
[19]http://www.srrc.gov.cn.信息产业部无线电管理局网站
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[22]GB/T6625.地震勘探电雷管,1996:1-5
[23]GB 8031-87.工业电雷管.1987:1-5
[24]MIL-1-83578A.航天飞行器爆炸器材通用规范,1987:2-6
[25]世界爆破器材手册.兵器工业出版社,1999:33-42
[26]徐鹏根.电磁兼容性原理.国防工业出版社,1996:16-23
[27]李锦荣.简要介绍国外电火工品的几种射频试验.火工品,1983.1:13-17
[28]周朝栋,五元坤,周良明。天线理论与工程.西安电子科技术大学出版社,1988:76-85
[29]刘学观,郭辉萍.微波技术与天线.西安电子科技大学出版社,2001:33-40
[30]谢处方,邱文杰.天线原理与设计.西北电讯工程学院出版社,1985:51-59
[31]任郎.天线理论基础.人民邮电出版社,1980:45-56
[32]M-C2210-1.Paul EM,Robert EW.ect.Monograph on Computation of RF Hazards,1968:24-30
[33]Bhag Singh Guru,Huseyin R.Hiziroglu.Electromagnetic Field Theory Fundamentals.International Thomson Publishing,1998:88-97
[34]郭银景,吕文红,唐富华等.电磁兼容原理与应用教程[M].清华大学出版社,2004.04:156-167
[35]Institute of makers of explosive.Safety guide for prevention of radio frequency hazards in the use of commericial electric detonators[J].Safety library publication,2001:5-18
[36]IEEE.Recommended Practice for Determining Safe Distances from Radio Frequency Transmitting Antennas When Using Electric Blasting Caps During Explosive Operations.2002:3-16
[37]景小强.电磁辐射对电火工品的危害分析及机理研究:[学位论文].西安213研究所,2000:38-45
[38]何蔚.电磁辐射对工业电雷管的危害及安全性评价技术研究.213所硕士论文,2004:39-47
[39]李晓明,装备(产品)热分析、综合、热测量前沿技术研究.北京航空航天大学博士学位论文,1998.9:40-52
[40]张三慧.基础物理学(下) 清华大学出版社,2003:45-49
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[42]康行使.天线原理与设计.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1993:43-56
[43]Kenneth E.Willis,Methods of Protecting Electro-explosive Devices from the Effects of RF Radiation and ESD,33~(rd) AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference,Washington,1997:37-54
[44]Qi Xinglin and Gao Junguo,Assessment on Susceptibility of Electro-explosives Devices in Electromagnetic Pulse(EMP) Environment,Proceeding of the International symposium on Test and Measurement,Taiyuan,1999:26-49
[45]Barry T.Neyer,Bridgewire Heating,Proceedings of Sixteenth Symposium on Explosives and Pyrotechnics,Essington,PA,April 1997:55-76
[46]丁四如.电火工品电磁兼容性研究.北京理工大学博士论文,2002:36-42
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[2]Thomas A.Baginsk.Monolithic RF/EML Desensitized Electroexplosive Device.AD-DO13 931,5 December 1988:23-25
[3]陈继英.翻译 电气爆破中的意外发火 火工品.1988:45-51
[5]蔡瑞娇.火工品设计原理.北京理工大学出版社,1999:217-222
[6]ANSI C-95.4.Safety Guide for the Prevention of Radio Frequency Radiation Hazards in the Use of Electric Blasting Caps,Octpber.1978:56-63
[7]汪佩兰,李挂茗.火工与烟火安全技术.北京理工大学出版社,1996:18-32
[8]Thomas A.Baginski,Aubem,Ala.Radio Frequency and Electrostatic Discharge Insensitive Electro-explosive Device Having Nonlinear Resistences.United States Patent.Patent Number:5,905,226,1997:24-31
[9]MIL-STD-1385B.预防电磁场对劳械危害的一般要求,1986:5-6
[10]TRIGO V3.1:Radiation Hazards and Electromagnetic Environment Analysis.User Guide,1997:7-12
[11]BS 4992:British Standard Guide to protection Against Ignition and Detonation by Radio Frequency Radiation,February.1974:34-36
[12]GJB5309.13-2004.火工品试验方法电火工品射频感度试验:1-4
[13]GJB377-87.感度试验用升降法:1-4
[14]王凯民.军用火工品设计技术.国防工业出版社,2006:98-118
[15]GJB5309.12-2004.火工品试验方法 电火工品射频阻抗测定:1-3
[15]Nondestructive Tester for Field Use to Determine Whether a Blasting Cap is Radiofrequence Power Insensetive.James G.Stuart ph.D.17E&PS,2003:22-26
[16]GB 18039.1-2000.电磁兼容 环境 电磁环境的分类:3-6
[17]蔡仁刚.电磁兼容原理、设计和预测技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,1997:78-85
[18]林国荣.电磁干扰及控制.电子工业出版社,2003:34-40
[19]http://www.srrc.gov.cn.信息产业部无线电管理局网站
[20]郭梯云,邬国扬,李建东.移动通迅.电子科技大学出版社,2001:36-42
[21]Institute of Makers of Explosives.Safety Guide for The Prevention of Radio Frequency Radiation Hazards in The Use of Commercial Electric Detonators[R].Safety Library Publication NO.20,1988.12:29-34
[22]GB/T6625.地震勘探电雷管,1996:1-5
[23]GB 8031-87.工业电雷管.1987:1-5
[24]MIL-1-83578A.航天飞行器爆炸器材通用规范,1987:2-6
[25]世界爆破器材手册.兵器工业出版社,1999:33-42
[26]徐鹏根.电磁兼容性原理.国防工业出版社,1996:16-23
[27]李锦荣.简要介绍国外电火工品的几种射频试验.火工品,1983.1:13-17
[28]周朝栋,五元坤,周良明。天线理论与工程.西安电子科技术大学出版社,1988:76-85
[29]刘学观,郭辉萍.微波技术与天线.西安电子科技大学出版社,2001:33-40
[30]谢处方,邱文杰.天线原理与设计.西北电讯工程学院出版社,1985:51-59
[31]任郎.天线理论基础.人民邮电出版社,1980:45-56
[32]M-C2210-1.Paul EM,Robert EW.ect.Monograph on Computation of RF Hazards,1968:24-30
[33]Bhag Singh Guru,Huseyin R.Hiziroglu.Electromagnetic Field Theory Fundamentals.International Thomson Publishing,1998:88-97
[34]郭银景,吕文红,唐富华等.电磁兼容原理与应用教程[M].清华大学出版社,2004.04:156-167
[35]Institute of makers of explosive.Safety guide for prevention of radio frequency hazards in the use of commericial electric detonators[J].Safety library publication,2001:5-18
[36]IEEE.Recommended Practice for Determining Safe Distances from Radio Frequency Transmitting Antennas When Using Electric Blasting Caps During Explosive Operations.2002:3-16
[37]景小强.电磁辐射对电火工品的危害分析及机理研究:[学位论文].西安213研究所,2000:38-45
[38]何蔚.电磁辐射对工业电雷管的危害及安全性评价技术研究.213所硕士论文,2004:39-47
[39]李晓明,装备(产品)热分析、综合、热测量前沿技术研究.北京航空航天大学博士学位论文,1998.9:40-52
[40]张三慧.基础物理学(下) 清华大学出版社,2003:45-49
[41]周朗栋,王元坤,杨思耀.天线与电波.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1994:145-163
[42]康行使.天线原理与设计.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1993:43-56
[43]Kenneth E.Willis,Methods of Protecting Electro-explosive Devices from the Effects of RF Radiation and ESD,33~(rd) AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference,Washington,1997:37-54
[44]Qi Xinglin and Gao Junguo,Assessment on Susceptibility of Electro-explosives Devices in Electromagnetic Pulse(EMP) Environment,Proceeding of the International symposium on Test and Measurement,Taiyuan,1999:26-49
[45]Barry T.Neyer,Bridgewire Heating,Proceedings of Sixteenth Symposium on Explosives and Pyrotechnics,Essington,PA,April 1997:55-76
[46]丁四如.电火工品电磁兼容性研究.北京理工大学博士论文,2002:36-42
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