摘要
电磁环境会影响到工业电雷管在生产,运输和使用中的安全性和可靠性,历史上由于电雷管接收到电磁辐射能曾引发过多起严重的事故。本文开展了对工业电雷管在电磁环境下所受到的危害,危害产生的机理,以及如何防止和减小射频危害的研究。
本文探讨了电磁辐射对工业电雷管安全性和可靠性的危害,研究了电磁场能量耦合的方式和射频致使工业电雷管发火的模式。
本文提出了工业电雷管受电磁环境危害的机理:工业电雷管相当于天线从射频场中接收到能量,该能量在桥丝中产生电流,从而导致电雷管意外发火或瞎火。本文通过数值模拟,建立了工业电雷管在射频环境下的二维模型。计算表明桥丝的几何参数对工业电雷管在电磁环境下的意外发火起着至关重要的作用,而桥丝、药剂的热学参数对桥丝温度有一定的影响,但不是主要影响因素。
本文在中国兵器第213研究所火工品安全性可靠性国防科技实验室进行了工业电雷管射频阻抗和射频感度试验,给出了煤矿许用和地震勘探电雷管的射频感度。
本文由最不利情况分析法对工业电雷管安全功率密度和防射频安全距离进行推算,给出了工业电雷管防射频安全距离。该防射频安全距离可以作为工程人员施工时的一个参考,也可用于爆炸安全事故的分析。
本文设计出了一套利用等效远距离处电磁场强度来检验工业电雷管防射频安全距离的试验方法。并利用此方法在强电磁场国防科技重点试验室对工业电雷管防射频安全距离进行了现场验证,证明了工业电雷管防射频安全距离具有10倍的安全裕度。
在最后本文提出应该从从提高工业电雷管的射频感度,衰减射频能量和隔离射频源三个方面着手采取预防措施以提高工业电雷管在电磁环境中的安全性和可靠性。
Electromagnetic environment would influence the producing,transferring and using of commercial electric detonators.In history,there are many serious accidents because commercial electric detonators received energy from electromagnetic environment.The hazards of radio frequency radiation,hazard mechanism and the way to reduce the hazards are researched in the paper.
The electromagnetic hazards and detonating mode of commercial electric detonators are studied in the paper.
The hazard mechanism can be described like this:the electric current,which was produced by electromagnetic energy,lead commercial electric detonator blasting.
Two-dimensional mode of commercial electric detonators in electromagnetic environment had been founded in the paper.The calculation show that geometry parameter of bridge play more important role in unexpected blasting compared with heat parameter.
In the paper,the test for impedance and sensitive of commercial electric detonators had been done in CNGC 213~(th) research institute and the results had been recorded.
The safety distance for the prevention of radio frequency radiation had been calculated conceding the worst situation.The safety distance can be used as reference for engineer,and it also can be used to analyze blasting accident.
A new testing method had been designed to veriflcate the safety distance of commercial electric detonators for prevention of radio frequency radiation in the paper. And the method has been used to verificate safety distance which shows 10 times safety safety coefficient in National Defense Key Laboratory of Strong Electromagnetism Emulation and the Protection Technique.
There are three ways suggested at the last of the paper to keep commercial electric detonators safe and reliable:one is improving sensitive,the other is attenuating radio frequency radiation energy,the last one is isolation.
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