现代楼宇防雷机理及工程实践研究
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摘要
防雷问题一直是世界各国关注的课题。雷击不但直接造成对地面目标物的破坏,而且雷电放电产生的电磁场也会通过耦合对电气设备,特别是弱电设备构成威胁。防雷研究仍需防雷技术人员和专家进行不懈的努力,通过调查研究和观测以进一步弄清其特点、找出问题所在,制定有针对性的防雷措施。
智能建筑内多包含有大量的电子设备与计算机系统。智能建筑信息系统一般由建筑物自动化、远程通信和办公自动化三个系统构成,这3个系统中又包含各自的子系统。这些电子设备与计算机系统通常属于耐电压等级低,防干扰要求高的弱电设备,抗雷击能力很弱。普通建筑物防直击雷的避雷装置引入了强大的雷电流通过接地引下线入地,在附近空间产生了强大的电磁场变化,会在相邻的导线(包括电源线和信号线)上感应出雷电过电压,因此普通建筑物的直击雷防护系统不但不能保护这些电子设备与计算机系统,反而可能会引入雷电的威胁。因此,智能建筑的雷电防护成为一个越来越重要的课题摆在我们面前。
智能建筑的发展使得传统的建筑防雷设计不再能满足其本身对雷电安全防护的需要。雷电防护已经不仅仅是对建筑本体的防护,更侧重于对建筑内人身和电气设备的安全防护。
雷击严重威胁着智能系统中弱电设备的安全运行,本文针对智能建筑内微电子设备多个特点,对弱电设备的雷害情况进行分析,介绍弱电设备的防雷保护措施,并以广西区气象台业务楼为工程实践对象,设计了一套综合防雷的方案,其主要从直击雷保护、共用接地系统、屏蔽、等电位连接、合理布线、加装浪涌保护器等方面考虑,重点考虑微电子设备雷电感应的防护措施,使智能建筑物的雷击损害降到最低程度。
Lightning protection problem has been a major concern in the world. Lightning stroke not only directly destroys the grounding objectives but the produced electromagnetic field will threaten the electrical equipment especially the electronic equipment by coupling. So, sustained effort of lightning protection personnel and experts is necessary to investigate the features and laws of lightning stroke so as the corresponding measures can be taken to protect the building and electronic devices in it.
There are many electronic installations and computer systems in the intellectualized building. Its information system is make up of three systems, which are the Building Automation System(BAS)、the Telecommunication System(TCS) and the Office Automation System(OAS) , these systems comprise some subsystems itself. These installations and systems are just able to bear the low voltage and need to properly avoid the electromagnetic interference, they have little capacity to protect the impact of lightning stroke. The lightning rods of the normal building introduce powerful lightning current through earth wires to the ground. It produces powerful electromagnetic field variation in the space and induces over-voltage on the nearby conductors. So, direct stroke defending system of the normal building may introduce lightning impact to instead protect the electronic installation and computer system. Lightning protection of intellectualized building becomes a more and more important subject in front of us.
Traditional lightning protection design can't satisfy the need of safe lightning protection anymore as the intellectualized building developing. Lightning protection is not only for the building itself protection, the more importance is to protect the personnel and the electronic installation in the building .
Lightning disturbance threats the security of electronic equipments in the intellectualized system seriously. To reduce the lightning damage of the intellectualized building to the minimum, based on the actual situation of the main system of the intellectualized building , Lightning disturbance of electronic equipments is investigated ; the protection scheme of electronic equipments against lightning is proposed. The results in this paper have important significance in avoiding lightning disturbance and then enhancing the security of power system. The text provides a set of specific measure of the comprehensive lightning protection design for the Guangxi Observatory Integration Building. The main measures of the lighting protection include installing direct stroke protection device, common earth, shielding, equi-potential bonding, rational wiring, , installing corresponding surge protector at the line interface etc. the emphases is the induction over-voltage protection for the micro-electronic equipment so as to reduce the lightning damage to the minimum.
智能建筑内多包含有大量的电子设备与计算机系统。智能建筑信息系统一般由建筑物自动化、远程通信和办公自动化三个系统构成,这3个系统中又包含各自的子系统。这些电子设备与计算机系统通常属于耐电压等级低,防干扰要求高的弱电设备,抗雷击能力很弱。普通建筑物防直击雷的避雷装置引入了强大的雷电流通过接地引下线入地,在附近空间产生了强大的电磁场变化,会在相邻的导线(包括电源线和信号线)上感应出雷电过电压,因此普通建筑物的直击雷防护系统不但不能保护这些电子设备与计算机系统,反而可能会引入雷电的威胁。因此,智能建筑的雷电防护成为一个越来越重要的课题摆在我们面前。
智能建筑的发展使得传统的建筑防雷设计不再能满足其本身对雷电安全防护的需要。雷电防护已经不仅仅是对建筑本体的防护,更侧重于对建筑内人身和电气设备的安全防护。
雷击严重威胁着智能系统中弱电设备的安全运行,本文针对智能建筑内微电子设备多个特点,对弱电设备的雷害情况进行分析,介绍弱电设备的防雷保护措施,并以广西区气象台业务楼为工程实践对象,设计了一套综合防雷的方案,其主要从直击雷保护、共用接地系统、屏蔽、等电位连接、合理布线、加装浪涌保护器等方面考虑,重点考虑微电子设备雷电感应的防护措施,使智能建筑物的雷击损害降到最低程度。
Lightning protection problem has been a major concern in the world. Lightning stroke not only directly destroys the grounding objectives but the produced electromagnetic field will threaten the electrical equipment especially the electronic equipment by coupling. So, sustained effort of lightning protection personnel and experts is necessary to investigate the features and laws of lightning stroke so as the corresponding measures can be taken to protect the building and electronic devices in it.
There are many electronic installations and computer systems in the intellectualized building. Its information system is make up of three systems, which are the Building Automation System(BAS)、the Telecommunication System(TCS) and the Office Automation System(OAS) , these systems comprise some subsystems itself. These installations and systems are just able to bear the low voltage and need to properly avoid the electromagnetic interference, they have little capacity to protect the impact of lightning stroke. The lightning rods of the normal building introduce powerful lightning current through earth wires to the ground. It produces powerful electromagnetic field variation in the space and induces over-voltage on the nearby conductors. So, direct stroke defending system of the normal building may introduce lightning impact to instead protect the electronic installation and computer system. Lightning protection of intellectualized building becomes a more and more important subject in front of us.
Traditional lightning protection design can't satisfy the need of safe lightning protection anymore as the intellectualized building developing. Lightning protection is not only for the building itself protection, the more importance is to protect the personnel and the electronic installation in the building .
Lightning disturbance threats the security of electronic equipments in the intellectualized system seriously. To reduce the lightning damage of the intellectualized building to the minimum, based on the actual situation of the main system of the intellectualized building , Lightning disturbance of electronic equipments is investigated ; the protection scheme of electronic equipments against lightning is proposed. The results in this paper have important significance in avoiding lightning disturbance and then enhancing the security of power system. The text provides a set of specific measure of the comprehensive lightning protection design for the Guangxi Observatory Integration Building. The main measures of the lighting protection include installing direct stroke protection device, common earth, shielding, equi-potential bonding, rational wiring, , installing corresponding surge protector at the line interface etc. the emphases is the induction over-voltage protection for the micro-electronic equipment so as to reduce the lightning damage to the minimum.
引文
[1]梁小冰.直击雷对变电站控制室内弱电设备的影响.电网技术,1999,23(3)
[2]陈俊武,林福昌,姚宗干.雷击时建筑物内电缆的共模干扰[J].高电压技术,1999,
[3]张小青,建筑物内电子设备的防雷保护[M].电子工业出版社,2000
[4]袁敏,电磁屏蔽技术研究[J].电子机械工程:电磁兼容性,第六期:
[5]刘刚,徐雁等,计算多芯电缆内导线间高频电磁干扰电压的混合法[11.系统工程与电子技术,1995(9):42-48
[6]邹军,袁建生,陆家愉等.直埋金属管道对其内恺装通信电缆的电磁屏蔽计算[J]中国电机工程学报,2000,20(4):44-49
[7]李元康,郑洁,朱磊.有线电视接入网同轴电缆的电磁干扰分析[J].中国有线电视技术交流:6-9[8]孟庆翔,朱守正,赵姚同.外部电磁场对屏蔽多导体电缆系统藕合影响的分析[J1.微波学报,1998,14(2):95-101
[9]郑江.电力通信设备的防雷设计原则及其措施[J].电力建设,1997,7:33-35
[10]梅卫群,江燕如.建筑防雷教程[M].南京气象学院电子信息工程系.2002
[11]G.Antonini,S.Cristina,and A.Orlandi.PEEC Modeling of Lightning Protection Systems and Coupling to Coaxial Cables[J]IEEE Trans Electromagn.Compat.1998,40(4)
[12]马金平,毛乃宏,丁君等.场对双绞线的电磁藕合研究[J],电波科学学报,1998,13(1).
[13]Gerald R Piper and Aluizio Prata,Jr Magnetic Flux Density Produced By Finite-Length Twisted- Wire Psusl[1]IEEE Traps Electrumag Compat,1996,38(1);pp.84-92.
[14]陈俊武,林福昌,姚宗干 雷击时建筑物内电缆的共模干扰闭,高电压技术,1999(12).
[15]周德吉,罗茂兴 防雷接地电阻测量误差分析,广西气象,2003.02
[16]鲁志伟 孟奇 王印宏 接地电阻测量中的修正系数法,东北电力技术,1997,10
[17]孙金伯 接地电阻的测试方法,中国设备工程,2005.02
[18]Berberovic,Z.Haznadar,Z.Stih Method of moments in analysis of grounding systems,Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 2003,27
[19]洪涛 弱电设备的防雷保护,中华建筑报,2003.05
[20]刘文先 弱电设备的雷害分析及防护,华北电力技术 2001.12
[21]汤放奇,胡登宇,肖金华 弱电设备的雷害分析及防雷保护,长沙电力学院学报 2005.05
[22]朱新弟 弱电设备防雷初探,浙江电力 2002.01
[23]虞昊,臧庚嫒,赵大铜.现代防雷技术基础.北京:气象出版社,1995
[24]关象石《防雷技术标准规范汇编》中国计划出版社出版 1999
[25]苏邦礼.《雷电与避雷工程》中山大学出版社 1996
[26]武尚德.计算机系统防雷技术[A].郑健超.电磁兼容1998论文集[C].北京:中国电工学会,1998.361-364.
[27]刘望来.对分统治避雷针的探讨[J].电气时代,1998,(9):23-24.
[28]Peter Hasse[德]著,Overvoltage protection of low voltage systems,中国电力出版社,2005.1
[29]应洪正、陈振明,避雷针设置不当造成的雷击事故事例,建筑电气,2005.2,32-35
[30]孙敏.工程电磁场基础[M].科学出版社,2001
[2]陈俊武,林福昌,姚宗干.雷击时建筑物内电缆的共模干扰[J].高电压技术,1999,
[3]张小青,建筑物内电子设备的防雷保护[M].电子工业出版社,2000
[4]袁敏,电磁屏蔽技术研究[J].电子机械工程:电磁兼容性,第六期:
[5]刘刚,徐雁等,计算多芯电缆内导线间高频电磁干扰电压的混合法[11.系统工程与电子技术,1995(9):42-48
[6]邹军,袁建生,陆家愉等.直埋金属管道对其内恺装通信电缆的电磁屏蔽计算[J]中国电机工程学报,2000,20(4):44-49
[7]李元康,郑洁,朱磊.有线电视接入网同轴电缆的电磁干扰分析[J].中国有线电视技术交流:6-9[8]孟庆翔,朱守正,赵姚同.外部电磁场对屏蔽多导体电缆系统藕合影响的分析[J1.微波学报,1998,14(2):95-101
[9]郑江.电力通信设备的防雷设计原则及其措施[J].电力建设,1997,7:33-35
[10]梅卫群,江燕如.建筑防雷教程[M].南京气象学院电子信息工程系.2002
[11]G.Antonini,S.Cristina,and A.Orlandi.PEEC Modeling of Lightning Protection Systems and Coupling to Coaxial Cables[J]IEEE Trans Electromagn.Compat.1998,40(4)
[12]马金平,毛乃宏,丁君等.场对双绞线的电磁藕合研究[J],电波科学学报,1998,13(1).
[13]Gerald R Piper and Aluizio Prata,Jr Magnetic Flux Density Produced By Finite-Length Twisted- Wire Psusl[1]IEEE Traps Electrumag Compat,1996,38(1);pp.84-92.
[14]陈俊武,林福昌,姚宗干 雷击时建筑物内电缆的共模干扰闭,高电压技术,1999(12).
[15]周德吉,罗茂兴 防雷接地电阻测量误差分析,广西气象,2003.02
[16]鲁志伟 孟奇 王印宏 接地电阻测量中的修正系数法,东北电力技术,1997,10
[17]孙金伯 接地电阻的测试方法,中国设备工程,2005.02
[18]Berberovic,Z.Haznadar,Z.Stih Method of moments in analysis of grounding systems,Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 2003,27
[19]洪涛 弱电设备的防雷保护,中华建筑报,2003.05
[20]刘文先 弱电设备的雷害分析及防护,华北电力技术 2001.12
[21]汤放奇,胡登宇,肖金华 弱电设备的雷害分析及防雷保护,长沙电力学院学报 2005.05
[22]朱新弟 弱电设备防雷初探,浙江电力 2002.01
[23]虞昊,臧庚嫒,赵大铜.现代防雷技术基础.北京:气象出版社,1995
[24]关象石《防雷技术标准规范汇编》中国计划出版社出版 1999
[25]苏邦礼.《雷电与避雷工程》中山大学出版社 1996
[26]武尚德.计算机系统防雷技术[A].郑健超.电磁兼容1998论文集[C].北京:中国电工学会,1998.361-364.
[27]刘望来.对分统治避雷针的探讨[J].电气时代,1998,(9):23-24.
[28]Peter Hasse[德]著,Overvoltage protection of low voltage systems,中国电力出版社,2005.1
[29]应洪正、陈振明,避雷针设置不当造成的雷击事故事例,建筑电气,2005.2,32-35
[30]孙敏.工程电磁场基础[M].科学出版社,2001