太原市初中学生使用体育教科书现状的研究
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摘要
进行体育教学的主要媒介就是体育教科书。体育教科书是专门为学生学习体育而编制的教材,它是进行体育教学活动不可缺少的要素,对学生学习体育知识和技能,培养体育兴趣和爱好,促进身心健康发展有着十分重要的作用。在课程改革不断深化的关键时期,对《体育与健康》教科书的使用情况进行研究,不仅可以为《体育与健康》教科书评估科学化提供保障,为编制者从整体上把握教科书提供参考,而且有利于课程改革顺利推进和《体育与健康课程标准》的贯彻和实施,具有一定的理论和现实意义。
经问卷调查,太原市初中学生使用的体育教科书均为华东师范大学出版社出版的《体育与健康》课本。本文通过采用文献研究法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法对该教科书和太原市初中学生使用该教科书的情况进行了研究与分析。得出如下结论:
华东版《体育与健康》教科书的形式结构设计有很多创新,体现了体育课程改革的理念。教科书注重引导学生对体育与健康学科价值和意义的认识,强调将态度、情感、价值观的教学渗透到体能的练习与运动技能学习过程中。教科书在使用过程中得到了广大初中学生的认可和喜爱。在培养初中生对体育和健康知识的学习兴趣、了解和掌握体育与健康知识、提高体育技能和健康水平等方面都发挥了体育教科书的功能和作用。
通过作者的研究和调查,总结出该教科书在使用过程中存在以下不足:
(1)封面没有体现出“淡化竞技运动教学色彩”的精神,没有贴近学生实际生活的体育画面。
(2)文字表达上还存在瑕疵。
(3)合订本教科书太厚重,内容表达受限。
(4)以图代文,知识点介绍过于简单。图片、插入语过多,容易分散学生的注意力,而且也使内容分不出主次。
(5)内容对目标落实程度不够,目标要求存在缺失。
(6)传统体育文化和现代体育文化体现的不够。
(7)思想教育内容涉及很少,没有体现出体育学科对学生品德教育的特色性。
(8)体育学科与其他学科之间缺乏完美整合。
作者针对这些不足给出如下建议:
(1)学生是学习主体,应实现学生与教科书编制的直接对话,有利于编制适合学生身心特点的、符合学生学习兴趣和认知发展规律的教科书。
(2)教科书在版面设计、文字描述、图表表达方式、内容体现上都应更加有利于初中学生对体育与健康知识的理解和接受。
(3)教科书应增强对传统体育项目和新兴体育项目教材化、本土化的意识,提高教材化和本土化的能力。这些都不是一个体育教师所能完成的,须建立专业的教材化研究机构。
(4)要进一步关注教科书中对学生能力培养的设计,增加课后作业中实践性活动课题的比例,培养学生的综合性能力;同时还应体现出体育与健康课程对学生思想品德教育的特色性。
(5)进一步优化教科书编制人员结构,可吸纳多领域、多学科专家的参与,提高教科书对多学科知识的整合能力,以适应时代发展和社会对学生全面发展的要求。
(6)加强对教科书功能、作用和使用方法等的研究,形成具有中国特色的《体育与健康》教科书编制理念。
PE textbook is the main intermediary of PE teaching. The textbook is the teaching material that specially worked out for the student; it is also to carry out the essential element of PE teaching. The textbook have a very important effect for student to gain the knowledge and technical ability, train sports interest and hobby. In the period of developing to reform the curriculum, the study of PE and health textbook provide the guarantee of evaluating scientifically PE and health and the reference of understanding textbook on the entirety, it is also beneficial to reform the curriculum successfully and implement the PE and health standard.
In this questionnaire investigation, the textbook that the student of Tai Yuan junior middle school uses is published by East China Normal University Press. This paper researches and analyzes the textbook structure and using status of junior high school in Tai Yuan through literature summary method, questionnaire investigation method, mathematical statistics method and logistic analyses method. The results of the study indicate that:
The form and structure of the textbook published by East China Normal University Press was designed particularly. This has exhibited the idea of reformation. The textbook attaches importance to guide the students to understand the function of the PE and health, it also combine the attitude, emotion and the outlook on values with exercise and skill learning. The textbook was recognized and liked in use of most junior middle school students. The textbook has given play to the function. The textbook is training junior school student's study interest to sports and health knowledge, understand and know sports and health knowledge raise sports skill and health level, etc. Through research and investigation, the textbook has the following shortage:
1. The front cover has not embodied spirit of "desalinizes the teaching color of the competitive sport", the sports picture not closely related to actual student's life.
2. Letter expression has flaw.
3. The bound volume textbook is too massive, the content is expressed limitedly.
4. It is too simple for knowledge to introduce replaced by diagram. Pictures, diagrams and parenthesis too much, disperse students' attention, but also make the content unable to tell primary and secondary.
5. The content does not have all to realize to the goal.
6. Reflection of the traditional sports culture and modern sports culture are not enough.
7. The ideological education contents little; do not embody the characteristic to student's moral education of sports discipline.
8. Lack integration between sports discipline and other disciplines
Author provides the following suggestion:
1. Students are the subject of study, should realize students talk with directness that the textbook is worked out; it suits student's physical and psychological characteristic, accords with students to study the textbooks of the interest and cognitive rule of development to help to work out
2. The textbooks should all be favorable to junior middle school student's understanding of sports and health knowledge and acceptance more in layout, the characters, the expression way of the chart, content reflect.
3. The textbook should be strengthened to traditional sports item and the teaching material of the new developing sports item, consciousness of the localization, ability to raise teaching material and localization.
4. Further pay close attention to the design to that student's ability trains in the textbook; embody the characteristic to student's thought moral education of sports and health course.
5. Further optimize the structure of textbook authorized personnel, in order to meet era development and the requirement all-round developing to students of society.
6. We should strengthen the study on textbook function and operation method etc. and form the idea of compiling textbook with characteristic of Chinese.
经问卷调查,太原市初中学生使用的体育教科书均为华东师范大学出版社出版的《体育与健康》课本。本文通过采用文献研究法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法对该教科书和太原市初中学生使用该教科书的情况进行了研究与分析。得出如下结论:
华东版《体育与健康》教科书的形式结构设计有很多创新,体现了体育课程改革的理念。教科书注重引导学生对体育与健康学科价值和意义的认识,强调将态度、情感、价值观的教学渗透到体能的练习与运动技能学习过程中。教科书在使用过程中得到了广大初中学生的认可和喜爱。在培养初中生对体育和健康知识的学习兴趣、了解和掌握体育与健康知识、提高体育技能和健康水平等方面都发挥了体育教科书的功能和作用。
通过作者的研究和调查,总结出该教科书在使用过程中存在以下不足:
(1)封面没有体现出“淡化竞技运动教学色彩”的精神,没有贴近学生实际生活的体育画面。
(2)文字表达上还存在瑕疵。
(3)合订本教科书太厚重,内容表达受限。
(4)以图代文,知识点介绍过于简单。图片、插入语过多,容易分散学生的注意力,而且也使内容分不出主次。
(5)内容对目标落实程度不够,目标要求存在缺失。
(6)传统体育文化和现代体育文化体现的不够。
(7)思想教育内容涉及很少,没有体现出体育学科对学生品德教育的特色性。
(8)体育学科与其他学科之间缺乏完美整合。
作者针对这些不足给出如下建议:
(1)学生是学习主体,应实现学生与教科书编制的直接对话,有利于编制适合学生身心特点的、符合学生学习兴趣和认知发展规律的教科书。
(2)教科书在版面设计、文字描述、图表表达方式、内容体现上都应更加有利于初中学生对体育与健康知识的理解和接受。
(3)教科书应增强对传统体育项目和新兴体育项目教材化、本土化的意识,提高教材化和本土化的能力。这些都不是一个体育教师所能完成的,须建立专业的教材化研究机构。
(4)要进一步关注教科书中对学生能力培养的设计,增加课后作业中实践性活动课题的比例,培养学生的综合性能力;同时还应体现出体育与健康课程对学生思想品德教育的特色性。
(5)进一步优化教科书编制人员结构,可吸纳多领域、多学科专家的参与,提高教科书对多学科知识的整合能力,以适应时代发展和社会对学生全面发展的要求。
(6)加强对教科书功能、作用和使用方法等的研究,形成具有中国特色的《体育与健康》教科书编制理念。
PE textbook is the main intermediary of PE teaching. The textbook is the teaching material that specially worked out for the student; it is also to carry out the essential element of PE teaching. The textbook have a very important effect for student to gain the knowledge and technical ability, train sports interest and hobby. In the period of developing to reform the curriculum, the study of PE and health textbook provide the guarantee of evaluating scientifically PE and health and the reference of understanding textbook on the entirety, it is also beneficial to reform the curriculum successfully and implement the PE and health standard.
In this questionnaire investigation, the textbook that the student of Tai Yuan junior middle school uses is published by East China Normal University Press. This paper researches and analyzes the textbook structure and using status of junior high school in Tai Yuan through literature summary method, questionnaire investigation method, mathematical statistics method and logistic analyses method. The results of the study indicate that:
The form and structure of the textbook published by East China Normal University Press was designed particularly. This has exhibited the idea of reformation. The textbook attaches importance to guide the students to understand the function of the PE and health, it also combine the attitude, emotion and the outlook on values with exercise and skill learning. The textbook was recognized and liked in use of most junior middle school students. The textbook has given play to the function. The textbook is training junior school student's study interest to sports and health knowledge, understand and know sports and health knowledge raise sports skill and health level, etc. Through research and investigation, the textbook has the following shortage:
1. The front cover has not embodied spirit of "desalinizes the teaching color of the competitive sport", the sports picture not closely related to actual student's life.
2. Letter expression has flaw.
3. The bound volume textbook is too massive, the content is expressed limitedly.
4. It is too simple for knowledge to introduce replaced by diagram. Pictures, diagrams and parenthesis too much, disperse students' attention, but also make the content unable to tell primary and secondary.
5. The content does not have all to realize to the goal.
6. Reflection of the traditional sports culture and modern sports culture are not enough.
7. The ideological education contents little; do not embody the characteristic to student's moral education of sports discipline.
8. Lack integration between sports discipline and other disciplines
Author provides the following suggestion:
1. Students are the subject of study, should realize students talk with directness that the textbook is worked out; it suits student's physical and psychological characteristic, accords with students to study the textbooks of the interest and cognitive rule of development to help to work out
2. The textbooks should all be favorable to junior middle school student's understanding of sports and health knowledge and acceptance more in layout, the characters, the expression way of the chart, content reflect.
3. The textbook should be strengthened to traditional sports item and the teaching material of the new developing sports item, consciousness of the localization, ability to raise teaching material and localization.
4. Further pay close attention to the design to that student's ability trains in the textbook; embody the characteristic to student's thought moral education of sports and health course.
5. Further optimize the structure of textbook authorized personnel, in order to meet era development and the requirement all-round developing to students of society.
6. We should strengthen the study on textbook function and operation method etc. and form the idea of compiling textbook with characteristic of Chinese.
引文
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