高速公路入口匝道控制研究
摘要
高速公路匝道控制是高速公路智能控制中非常重要的一部分。在一些高速公路主线车流量较大的地区,或者是要求进入主线交通需求较大的地区,实施匝道控制,特别是入口匝道控制,将能够使高速公路的服务水平维持在一个满意的阈值之上。本文基于前人的研究基础,在ALINEA这一经典的匝道控制方法之上,提出了一种竞争型的匝道反馈修正控制算法。该算法将基于短时交通流预测理论的控制算法与ALINEA算法并行结合,形成竞争关系,在此关系上得到限制性更强的匝道调节率,并由匝道排队检测信息反馈修正上述调节率,达到实时控制目的。本文主要工作如下：
首先,简单分析了匝道控制系统中的各组成部分及功能,并简单介绍了交通流各种数据的采集方法以及已有的一些匝道控制算法比较。在此基础之上,对算法中所用的交通流参数进行了分析比较,最终选取了采集方便性、实用性、实时性以及敏感性等几个方面的综合因素较强的参数作为控制算法参数。同时对高速公路的交通流特性进行了必要分析。
然后,通过之前的交通分析、算法比较、参数选取等准备工作,对本文提出的算法进行了系统研究和科学的分析。其中首先明确了ALINEA算法计算与参数取值问题,然后主要解决了基于短时交通流预测控制算法的可行性、计算与参数取值问题,以及匝道反馈修正部分的思想和修正计算问题等。最终形成了一套完整的匝道控制方法。
最后,使用交通仿真软件VISSIM,对本文的算法进行了试算和效果检验。结果表明,该方法能够改善主线交通状况。与ALINEA算法比较,该算法的匝道排队控制效果相当明显,是一种即能够保持主线运行效率,又能够保证主线与匝道用户公平性的双赢算法。
Freeway Ramp Metering is an important part of ITS. It makes the service level of freeway maintain at a satisfactory level in the situations of large mainline traffic flow or large entry traffic flow, particularly at freeway ramp. The paper, based on the previous researches and ALINEA, presents a competitive feedback-correct algorithm. This algorithm combines the arithmetic based on the theory of short-time traffic predicting and ALINEA, generates a competition, and gets a more restricted suitable ramp volumes. The rate is adjusted by the information detected of ramp queue to get a real-time traffic control.
Firstly, the paper make a brief analysis of the components and function of ramp metering system, introduces the means of collecting the traffic volume and the ramp metering algorithms. On the basis of this, the parameters of traffic flow in the algorithms are analyzed, and finally the parameters of conveniency, practicability, sensitivity, real time are selected for the metering algorithms.
Secondly, based on the above work of traffic analysis, algorithms compare, parameter selection, a comprehensive research is given to the algorithm the paper selected. The problem revolved is comprised of the parameter selection of ALINEA, the feasibility and parameter selection of metering algorithms based on short-time volume forecast theory, the calculation about feed-back to correct. A integrated ramp metering algorithm is established.
Finally, a validation is made by using traffic simulation software VISSIM. The outcome demonstrates that the algorithm can improve the service level efficiently. Compared to ALINEA algorithm, the effect of the algorithm is evident. It not only maintains the service level of mainline traffic, but also provides equitable opportunity between mainline users and ramp users.
首先,简单分析了匝道控制系统中的各组成部分及功能,并简单介绍了交通流各种数据的采集方法以及已有的一些匝道控制算法比较。在此基础之上,对算法中所用的交通流参数进行了分析比较,最终选取了采集方便性、实用性、实时性以及敏感性等几个方面的综合因素较强的参数作为控制算法参数。同时对高速公路的交通流特性进行了必要分析。
然后,通过之前的交通分析、算法比较、参数选取等准备工作,对本文提出的算法进行了系统研究和科学的分析。其中首先明确了ALINEA算法计算与参数取值问题,然后主要解决了基于短时交通流预测控制算法的可行性、计算与参数取值问题,以及匝道反馈修正部分的思想和修正计算问题等。最终形成了一套完整的匝道控制方法。
最后,使用交通仿真软件VISSIM,对本文的算法进行了试算和效果检验。结果表明,该方法能够改善主线交通状况。与ALINEA算法比较,该算法的匝道排队控制效果相当明显,是一种即能够保持主线运行效率,又能够保证主线与匝道用户公平性的双赢算法。
Freeway Ramp Metering is an important part of ITS. It makes the service level of freeway maintain at a satisfactory level in the situations of large mainline traffic flow or large entry traffic flow, particularly at freeway ramp. The paper, based on the previous researches and ALINEA, presents a competitive feedback-correct algorithm. This algorithm combines the arithmetic based on the theory of short-time traffic predicting and ALINEA, generates a competition, and gets a more restricted suitable ramp volumes. The rate is adjusted by the information detected of ramp queue to get a real-time traffic control.
Firstly, the paper make a brief analysis of the components and function of ramp metering system, introduces the means of collecting the traffic volume and the ramp metering algorithms. On the basis of this, the parameters of traffic flow in the algorithms are analyzed, and finally the parameters of conveniency, practicability, sensitivity, real time are selected for the metering algorithms.
Secondly, based on the above work of traffic analysis, algorithms compare, parameter selection, a comprehensive research is given to the algorithm the paper selected. The problem revolved is comprised of the parameter selection of ALINEA, the feasibility and parameter selection of metering algorithms based on short-time volume forecast theory, the calculation about feed-back to correct. A integrated ramp metering algorithm is established.
Finally, a validation is made by using traffic simulation software VISSIM. The outcome demonstrates that the algorithm can improve the service level efficiently. Compared to ALINEA algorithm, the effect of the algorithm is evident. It not only maintains the service level of mainline traffic, but also provides equitable opportunity between mainline users and ramp users.
引文
1.张枭雄.高速公路入口匝道控制算法的仿真评价与优化.吉林大学博士学位论文.2006
2. Markos Papageorgiou, Apostolos Kotsialos. Freeway Ramp Metering:An Overiew.2000 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings.2000:228-239
3. M.Papageorgiou, H.Hadj-Salem, F.Middelham. ALINEA Local Ramp Metering-Summary of Field Results. Transportation Research Record 1603.2002
4.陆克丽霞,杜豫川,孙立军.基于ALINEA算法的上海快速路入口匝道控制方法. 同济大学学报(自然科学版).第37卷第2期.2009：207-212
5. Yinhai Wang, Kenneth A.Perrine, Yunteng Lao. DEVELOPING AN AREA-WIDE SYSTEM FOR COORDINATED RAMP METER CONTROL. Final Technical Report. TransNow Budget No.61-6023. December 31,2008
6. Liu, H. X., X. Wu, and P. G. Michalopoulos. "Improving Queue Size Estimation for Minnesota's Stratified Zone Metering Strategy," Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2012:38-46.2007
7.姜紫峰,荆便顺,韩锡令.高速公路入口匝道控制的仿真研究.中国公路学报.第10卷(2).1997：83-89
8.贺敬凯,徐建闽.基于BP神经网络的入口匝道控制器的设计.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版).第30卷第7期.2002：24-27
9.徐建闽,贺敬凯.高速公路入口匝道模糊控制器的设计.控制理论与应用.第21卷第4期.2004：639-642
10.谭满春,徐建闽,毛宗源.高速公路入口匝道控制与仿真.暨南大学学 报(自然科学版).第20卷第5期.1999：28-30
11.任黎立.基于BP神经网络技术的高速公路入口匝道控制研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2005
12.何玉婉.基于Elman神经网络的高速公路入口匝道预测控制仿真研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2008
13.林尚伟,林岩.基于模糊控制律的遗传神经匝道协调控制.控制工程.第15卷第3期.2008：235-238
14.陈德望等.基于模糊神经网络的城市高速公路入口匝道控制算法.交通运输工程学报.第3卷(2).2003：100-105
15.丁建梅,王可崇.高速公路入口匝道交通模糊控制研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报.第34卷第5期.2002：671-674
16.李文权,王炜.高速公路上匝道合流区通行能力分析.中国运筹学会第七届学术交流会论文集.2004：1119-1127
17.刘芹,张文峰,叶祥,吴卓葵.基于支持向量机的高速公路入口匝道控制.自动化技术与应用.第26卷第12期.2007：6-8
18.庞明宝,贺国光.高速公路匝道混沌控制仿真.系统工程.第25卷第12期(总第168期).2007年12月：14-19
19.仉亚男.基于免疫算法的高速公路协调优化控制研究.计算机测量与控制.2006.14(10)：1320-1322
20.吕智林,范炳全,张林峰.基于多Agent的高速公路入口匝道智能控制策略.计算机应用.第24卷第5期.2004：126-127
21.许伦辉,傅惠.交通信息智能预测理论与方法.科学出版社.2005
22.陈学文.城市快速路匝道优化控制策略与方法研究.吉林大学博士学位论文.2008
23.陆海亭,张宁,钱振东.高速道路入口匝道控制方法及应用探索.公路.2008.8：180-185
24.陈德望等.城市高速道路交通控制方法研究的回顾与展望.信息与控制.第31卷(4).2002：341-345
25.李江.交通工程学.人民交通出版社.2002
26.王殿海,严宝杰.交通流理论.人民交通出版社.2002
27.姜桂艳.道路交通状态判别技术与应用.人民交通出版社.2004
28.朱顺应,王红,向红艳.交通流参数及交通事件动态预测方法.东南大学出版社.2008
29. Michael Zhang, Taewan Kim, Xiaojian Nie, Wenlong Jin, Lianyu Chu, Will Recker. Evaluation of On-ramp Control Algorithms. Institute of Transportation Studies. University of California Berkeley.2001
30. Tong-Hsien Chang, Zhung-Yih Li. Optimization of Mainline Traffic via An Adaptive Co-ordinated Ramp-metering Control Model With Dynamic OD Estimation. Transportation Research Part C 10.2002
31.尹宏宾,徐建闽.道路交通控制技术.华南理工大学出版社.2000年
32. Ding-wei Huang. Highway on-ramp control. PHYSICAL REVIEW E. VOLUME 65.046103
33. WANG Zhengwu, LUO Dayong, WU Yihu. COORDINATED CONTROL FOR TRAFFIC CORRIDOR UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GUIDANCE INFORMATION. International Conference on Transportation Engineering. 2007
34.荆便顺.道路交通控制工程.人民交通出版社.1995
35.刘伟铭.高速公路系统控制方法.人民交通出版社.1998
36.杨佩昆,张树升.交通管理与控制.人民交通出版社.1995
37. Jing Xu, WenSheng Yu. Freeway Ramp Metering Control Based on Neural Dynamic Optimization. Proceedings of the 25th Chinese Control Conference.2006
38. Christopher M.Monsere, Oren Eshel, Robert L.Bertini. Empirical Evaluation of Freeway Corridor Performance Before and After System-Wide Adaptive Ramp Metering System Implementation.88th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. January 11-15.2009
39. HAROLD J. PAYNE, WARREN A. THOMPSON, Allocation of Freeway Ramp Metering Volumes to Optimize Corridor Performance. IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL. VOL. AC-19. NO.3. JUNE 1974
40. Kaan Ozbay, Ilgin Yasar, Pushkin Kachroo. Improved Online Estimation Methods for a Feedback-Based Freeway Ramp Metering Strategy.2006 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Toronto. Canada. September 17-20.2006
2. Markos Papageorgiou, Apostolos Kotsialos. Freeway Ramp Metering:An Overiew.2000 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings.2000:228-239
3. M.Papageorgiou, H.Hadj-Salem, F.Middelham. ALINEA Local Ramp Metering-Summary of Field Results. Transportation Research Record 1603.2002
4.陆克丽霞,杜豫川,孙立军.基于ALINEA算法的上海快速路入口匝道控制方法. 同济大学学报(自然科学版).第37卷第2期.2009：207-212
5. Yinhai Wang, Kenneth A.Perrine, Yunteng Lao. DEVELOPING AN AREA-WIDE SYSTEM FOR COORDINATED RAMP METER CONTROL. Final Technical Report. TransNow Budget No.61-6023. December 31,2008
6. Liu, H. X., X. Wu, and P. G. Michalopoulos. "Improving Queue Size Estimation for Minnesota's Stratified Zone Metering Strategy," Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2012:38-46.2007
7.姜紫峰,荆便顺,韩锡令.高速公路入口匝道控制的仿真研究.中国公路学报.第10卷(2).1997：83-89
8.贺敬凯,徐建闽.基于BP神经网络的入口匝道控制器的设计.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版).第30卷第7期.2002：24-27
9.徐建闽,贺敬凯.高速公路入口匝道模糊控制器的设计.控制理论与应用.第21卷第4期.2004：639-642
10.谭满春,徐建闽,毛宗源.高速公路入口匝道控制与仿真.暨南大学学 报(自然科学版).第20卷第5期.1999：28-30
11.任黎立.基于BP神经网络技术的高速公路入口匝道控制研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2005
12.何玉婉.基于Elman神经网络的高速公路入口匝道预测控制仿真研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2008
13.林尚伟,林岩.基于模糊控制律的遗传神经匝道协调控制.控制工程.第15卷第3期.2008：235-238
14.陈德望等.基于模糊神经网络的城市高速公路入口匝道控制算法.交通运输工程学报.第3卷(2).2003：100-105
15.丁建梅,王可崇.高速公路入口匝道交通模糊控制研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报.第34卷第5期.2002：671-674
16.李文权,王炜.高速公路上匝道合流区通行能力分析.中国运筹学会第七届学术交流会论文集.2004：1119-1127
17.刘芹,张文峰,叶祥,吴卓葵.基于支持向量机的高速公路入口匝道控制.自动化技术与应用.第26卷第12期.2007：6-8
18.庞明宝,贺国光.高速公路匝道混沌控制仿真.系统工程.第25卷第12期(总第168期).2007年12月：14-19
19.仉亚男.基于免疫算法的高速公路协调优化控制研究.计算机测量与控制.2006.14(10)：1320-1322
20.吕智林,范炳全,张林峰.基于多Agent的高速公路入口匝道智能控制策略.计算机应用.第24卷第5期.2004：126-127
21.许伦辉,傅惠.交通信息智能预测理论与方法.科学出版社.2005
22.陈学文.城市快速路匝道优化控制策略与方法研究.吉林大学博士学位论文.2008
23.陆海亭,张宁,钱振东.高速道路入口匝道控制方法及应用探索.公路.2008.8：180-185
24.陈德望等.城市高速道路交通控制方法研究的回顾与展望.信息与控制.第31卷(4).2002：341-345
25.李江.交通工程学.人民交通出版社.2002
26.王殿海,严宝杰.交通流理论.人民交通出版社.2002
27.姜桂艳.道路交通状态判别技术与应用.人民交通出版社.2004
28.朱顺应,王红,向红艳.交通流参数及交通事件动态预测方法.东南大学出版社.2008
29. Michael Zhang, Taewan Kim, Xiaojian Nie, Wenlong Jin, Lianyu Chu, Will Recker. Evaluation of On-ramp Control Algorithms. Institute of Transportation Studies. University of California Berkeley.2001
30. Tong-Hsien Chang, Zhung-Yih Li. Optimization of Mainline Traffic via An Adaptive Co-ordinated Ramp-metering Control Model With Dynamic OD Estimation. Transportation Research Part C 10.2002
31.尹宏宾,徐建闽.道路交通控制技术.华南理工大学出版社.2000年
32. Ding-wei Huang. Highway on-ramp control. PHYSICAL REVIEW E. VOLUME 65.046103
33. WANG Zhengwu, LUO Dayong, WU Yihu. COORDINATED CONTROL FOR TRAFFIC CORRIDOR UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GUIDANCE INFORMATION. International Conference on Transportation Engineering. 2007
34.荆便顺.道路交通控制工程.人民交通出版社.1995
35.刘伟铭.高速公路系统控制方法.人民交通出版社.1998
36.杨佩昆,张树升.交通管理与控制.人民交通出版社.1995
37. Jing Xu, WenSheng Yu. Freeway Ramp Metering Control Based on Neural Dynamic Optimization. Proceedings of the 25th Chinese Control Conference.2006
38. Christopher M.Monsere, Oren Eshel, Robert L.Bertini. Empirical Evaluation of Freeway Corridor Performance Before and After System-Wide Adaptive Ramp Metering System Implementation.88th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. January 11-15.2009
39. HAROLD J. PAYNE, WARREN A. THOMPSON, Allocation of Freeway Ramp Metering Volumes to Optimize Corridor Performance. IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL. VOL. AC-19. NO.3. JUNE 1974
40. Kaan Ozbay, Ilgin Yasar, Pushkin Kachroo. Improved Online Estimation Methods for a Feedback-Based Freeway Ramp Metering Strategy.2006 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Toronto. Canada. September 17-20.2006