中国碳金融政策研究
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摘要
随着各国政府对全球变暖问题重视程度的日益提高,发展低碳经济,减少温室气体的排放成为各国一致的选择,而发展低碳经济离不开金融政策的支持。当前很多西方国家的碳金融从法规、制度、交易市场到市场参与主体、中介等均已经初步建立完善的体系,而中国在这么方面相对要落后不少,因此探讨如何完善中国的碳金融政策具有重要的意义。
《京都议定书》的规定,发达国家履行温室气体减排义务时可以采取3种在“境外减排”的灵活机制,即清洁发展机制、联合履约机制、排放贸易机制,由此产生了基于配额和基于项目的两种碳交易市场,随着碳交易市场的迅速发展,其金融化趋势越来越明显。由于中国不承担碳减排的义务,中国碳排放权交易主要是基于项目的交易,“碳金融”更多的是指依托清洁发展机制的金融活动。当前中国对清洁发展机制和碳金融的认识尚不到位、中介市场不完善、专业人才稀缺、交易体系的缺失,要完善中国的碳金融政策,必须健全碳金融法律法规和制定配套政策支持碳金融的发展；必须借鉴国际经验,搭建交易平台,构建中国碳排放交易体系；要大力培育中介市场,创新碳金融业务新模式,开展碳金融创新；加强碳金融政策研究,进行国际领域的合作。
With the Governments emphasis on global warming, Low-carbon economy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are the unanimous choice in various countries. Low-carbon economy is inseparable from the development of financial policies. In many western countries, the current carbon finance already have a sound system in the laws, institutions, market and market participants, intermediaries, while China is relatively backward a lot in this respect, so to explore ways in order to improve China's carbon finance policy has significance.
"Kyoto Protocol" provides three flexible mechanisms for developed countries to meet greenhouse gas reduction obligations, namely the Clean Development Mechanism, Joint Implementation, International Emission Trading, resulting two carbon trading market, which are quotas-based maket and project-based market. With the rapid development of carbon markets, the financial trend are more and more evident. Since China does not assume the obligations of reduction of carbon emissions, carbon emissions trading in China is mainly project-based trading. China's "carbon finance" activities are more based on Clean Development Mechanism.The understanding of China's current CDM and carbon finance is yet inadequate, for example the intermediary market imperfections, the scarcity of professional personnel, the missing of transaction system. To improve China's carbon finance the policy, we must improve the carbon finance laws, regulations and other policies to support development of carbon finance, must draw on international experience to build a trading platform, must build China's carbon emissions trading system, must cultivate the intermediary market with great efforts, innovate model of carbon finance business, enhance research in carbon finance policy, have international cooperation in the field.
《京都议定书》的规定,发达国家履行温室气体减排义务时可以采取3种在“境外减排”的灵活机制,即清洁发展机制、联合履约机制、排放贸易机制,由此产生了基于配额和基于项目的两种碳交易市场,随着碳交易市场的迅速发展,其金融化趋势越来越明显。由于中国不承担碳减排的义务,中国碳排放权交易主要是基于项目的交易,“碳金融”更多的是指依托清洁发展机制的金融活动。当前中国对清洁发展机制和碳金融的认识尚不到位、中介市场不完善、专业人才稀缺、交易体系的缺失,要完善中国的碳金融政策,必须健全碳金融法律法规和制定配套政策支持碳金融的发展；必须借鉴国际经验,搭建交易平台,构建中国碳排放交易体系；要大力培育中介市场,创新碳金融业务新模式,开展碳金融创新；加强碳金融政策研究,进行国际领域的合作。
With the Governments emphasis on global warming, Low-carbon economy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are the unanimous choice in various countries. Low-carbon economy is inseparable from the development of financial policies. In many western countries, the current carbon finance already have a sound system in the laws, institutions, market and market participants, intermediaries, while China is relatively backward a lot in this respect, so to explore ways in order to improve China's carbon finance policy has significance.
"Kyoto Protocol" provides three flexible mechanisms for developed countries to meet greenhouse gas reduction obligations, namely the Clean Development Mechanism, Joint Implementation, International Emission Trading, resulting two carbon trading market, which are quotas-based maket and project-based market. With the rapid development of carbon markets, the financial trend are more and more evident. Since China does not assume the obligations of reduction of carbon emissions, carbon emissions trading in China is mainly project-based trading. China's "carbon finance" activities are more based on Clean Development Mechanism.The understanding of China's current CDM and carbon finance is yet inadequate, for example the intermediary market imperfections, the scarcity of professional personnel, the missing of transaction system. To improve China's carbon finance the policy, we must improve the carbon finance laws, regulations and other policies to support development of carbon finance, must draw on international experience to build a trading platform, must build China's carbon emissions trading system, must cultivate the intermediary market with great efforts, innovate model of carbon finance business, enhance research in carbon finance policy, have international cooperation in the field.
引文
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④刘颖等.低碳经济与碳币论研究[J].国际经济合作,2010(1).
⑤王增武,袁增霆.碳金融市场中的产品创新[J].中国金融,2009(24).
⑥蔡博峰,刘兰翠.碳货币——低碳经济时代的全新国际货币[J].中外能源,2010(15)
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⑨付允等.低碳经济的发展模式研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,2008(3).
⑩林伯强.什么是碳基金[N].中国财经报,2008-12-9(002).
11杨涛.碳金融：我国尚未进入角色[N].上海证券报,2009-11-2(004).
12黄丽珠.“碳金融”或将成为境内商业银行“新宠”[N].金融时报,2008-5-5(005).
13马骁.发展“碳金融”商业银行大有可为[N].金融时报,2010-1-25(006).
14王宇,李季.碳金融：应对气候变化的金融创新机制[N].中国经济时报,2008-12-9(005).
15秦立山.建仓低碳经济板块正逢其时[J].股市动态分析,2009(Z1)：45.
16孙颖.哥本哈根之后“碳金融”加速[N].中国企业报,2009-12-22(001).
17《联合国气候变化框架公约》(UNFCCC)附件一列出的1990年经济合作与发展组织(OECD)的所有成员国,
以及”经济转型”国家、中欧和东欧国家(不含阿尔巴尼亚和前南斯拉夫大部分地区)。
18《联合国气候变化框架公约》(UNFCCC)附件二列出了1990年经济合作与发展组织(OECD)的所有成员国。根据《公约》第4.2(g)款,这些国家必需提供财力,协助发展中国家履行其义务,例如编制国家报告等。同时期望附件二国家加快向发展中国家转移有益于环境的技术。
19附件B国家指《京都议定书》附件B列出了同意在2008年至2012年承诺控制其温室气体(GHG)排放的发达国家,包括经济合作与发展组织(OECD)成员国、中欧和东欧国家及俄罗斯联邦。
20李威.国际法框架下碳金融的发展[J].《国际商务研究》,2009-08-15
22中国社科院研究生院博士生刘长松.碳交易所过“热”也有风险[N].中国能源报,2010-09-02
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②陈柳欣.低碳经济：国外发展的动向及中国的选择[J].甘肃行政学院学报,2009(6).
③李威.国际法框架下碳金融的发展[J].国际商务研究,2009(4).
④刘颖等.低碳经济与碳币论研究[J].国际经济合作,2010(1).
⑤王增武,袁增霆.碳金融市场中的产品创新[J].中国金融,2009(24).
⑥蔡博峰,刘兰翠.碳货币——低碳经济时代的全新国际货币[J].中外能源,2010(15)
⑦何川.我国碳期货市场初探[J].现代商业,2008(20).
⑧崔利平.碳基金四大特色初探[J].证券日报,2007-12-26(A03).
⑨付允等.低碳经济的发展模式研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,2008(3).
⑩林伯强.什么是碳基金[N].中国财经报,2008-12-9(002).
11杨涛.碳金融：我国尚未进入角色[N].上海证券报,2009-11-2(004).
12黄丽珠.“碳金融”或将成为境内商业银行“新宠”[N].金融时报,2008-5-5(005).
13马骁.发展“碳金融”商业银行大有可为[N].金融时报,2010-1-25(006).
14王宇,李季.碳金融：应对气候变化的金融创新机制[N].中国经济时报,2008-12-9(005).
15秦立山.建仓低碳经济板块正逢其时[J].股市动态分析,2009(Z1)：45.
16孙颖.哥本哈根之后“碳金融”加速[N].中国企业报,2009-12-22(001).
17《联合国气候变化框架公约》(UNFCCC)附件一列出的1990年经济合作与发展组织(OECD)的所有成员国,
以及”经济转型”国家、中欧和东欧国家(不含阿尔巴尼亚和前南斯拉夫大部分地区)。
18《联合国气候变化框架公约》(UNFCCC)附件二列出了1990年经济合作与发展组织(OECD)的所有成员国。根据《公约》第4.2(g)款,这些国家必需提供财力,协助发展中国家履行其义务,例如编制国家报告等。同时期望附件二国家加快向发展中国家转移有益于环境的技术。
19附件B国家指《京都议定书》附件B列出了同意在2008年至2012年承诺控制其温室气体(GHG)排放的发达国家,包括经济合作与发展组织(OECD)成员国、中欧和东欧国家及俄罗斯联邦。
20李威.国际法框架下碳金融的发展[J].《国际商务研究》,2009-08-15
22中国社科院研究生院博士生刘长松.碳交易所过“热”也有风险[N].中国能源报,2010-09-02
[1]中国社科院研究生院博士生刘长松.碳交易所过“热"也有风险[N].中国能源报,2010-09-02
[2]李威.国际法框架下碳金融的发展[J]. 《国际商务研究》,2009-08-15
[3]祝洪章.浅析中国碳金融发展缓慢的原因与对策[J].经济研究导刊,2011(2)
[4]董玉华.碳金融对商业银行的启示[J].环境经济,2009(3)
[5]张坤民,何雪炀.气候变化与实施清洁发展机制的展望[J].世界环境,1999(4)：10-14
[6]潘攀.清洁发展机制下的减排量交易及其法律问题[J].中国能源,2005(10)
[7]淮安市金融学会金融政策研究室.中国发展“碳金融”正当其时[J].中国科技投资,2008(7)
[8]王宇,李季.碳金融：应对气候变化的金融创新机制[N].中国经济时报,2008-12-19
[9]王元龙.碳金融与中国商业银行的新机遇[N].金融时报,2009-07-18.
[10]包征宇.国内商业银行碳金融业务扫描[N].中国城乡金融报,2008-07-04
[11]周剑初.谁能抢占碳金融市场先机?[N].金融时报,2008-07-14
[12]王书治,陈宇斌,周学文.气候变化与可持续发展之间的关系[J].山西气象,2005,(3)：8-9
[13]周明.“绿色信贷”或成商业银行新利润增长点[N].中国证券报,2007-11-28
[14]周剑初.温室气体减排送来怎样的金融商机[N].金融时报,2008-07-25
[15]赖嘉凌,肖梅.应对全球气候挑战：金融业需扮演重要角色[N].中国经济导报,2009-06-18.
[16]贾灵,焦志延.京都议定书及其灵活性机制[J].世界环境,1999,(1)：19-23
[17]李挚萍.《京都议定书》与温室气体国际减排交易制度[J].环境保护,2004,(2)：58-60
[18]王书治,陈宇斌,周学文.气候变化与可持续发展之间的关系[J].山西气象,2005,(3)：8-9
[19]靳云汇,刘学,杨婉华.中国在潜在清洁发展机制市场中的地位分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2000,(10)：6-10
[20]杨佳琛.国际碳交易及其衍生金融产品分析[J].金融财经,2009(2)
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