黄海暖流季节和年际变化研究
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摘要
本文首先利用最新实测的锚系潜标测流和温、盐资料,分析了黄海暖流的季节变异;然后根据有关断面的历史资料,以暖水舌作为黄海暖流的示性指标,采用经验正交函数分解和功率谱分析等方法,研究了冬季黄海暖流水和夏季黄海暖流残留水的年际变化特征;具体结果如下:
(1)黄海暖流季节变化:秋季黄海南部近底层已出现较为稳定的北向余流,表明黄海暖流在秋季已经开始出现。黄海水温分布亦显示出暖水舌的雏形,也是黄海暖流开始出现的佐证;冬季黄海暖流发展成熟,势力达到最强,不仅在近底层表现为一支稳定的北向流,在表层及次表层北向流亦是主要流态;春季黄海暖流仍然存在,从温度和盐度分布图上仍能看到高盐暖水舌的存在,但舌轴已明显东移,且流速也已经变弱,流向由冬季的偏西北向转为北向;夏季锚系站的余流均呈现东南向,表现为黄海冷水团的环流结构,此时黄海暖流已经消失。
(2)黄海暖流年际变化:黄海暖流的强弱存在4～7a的年际变化周期,并与冬季经向风具有较好的响应关系;黄海暖流多年平均的流轴在123°E左右,其流轴的摆动存在一个3～6a的变化周期,而且其流轴的摆动明显受冬季纬向风的影响;冬季风强,黄海暖流亦强,且流轴西移。
(3)黄海暖流残留水年际变化:夏季黄海暖流虽然已经消失,但黄海暖流残留水仍然存在于冷水团的核心区内。通过对黄海暖流残留水做EOF分析,结果表明:夏季黄海暖流残留水存在一个4～7a的年际变化;其核心位置在123.5°E左右,比冬季黄海暖流流轴明显东偏(冬季大约在123°E)。
The seasonal variation of the Yellow Sea Warm Current(YSWC) is analysed based on current data from the moored Acoustic Doppler Profilers(ADCPs) and conductivity-temperature-depth data collected in the southern Yellow Sea in four seasons during 2006～2007; Then, based on multiple-year continuous collected hydrographic surveyed data and taking the Yellow Sea Warm Water tongue as a single indication of the Yellow Sea Warm Current(YSWC), the inter-annual variation of the YSWC and YSWC remanent water are studied by using the methods of Empirical Orthogonal Functions(EOF) and spectral analyses. The results showed that:
(1)On the seasonal variation of the YSWC: In autumn, a relatively stable northern current appears in the near-bottom layer in the Southern Yellow Sea, which implies that the YSWC begins to form. Meanwhile, an embryonic form of the warm tongue on the distribution of the temperature in the Yellow Sea also shows the appearance of the YSWC. In winter, the stable northward current appears not only in the near-bottom layer, but also in the upper layer, implying the YSWC develop quite well and becomes quite strong. In spring, the YSWC still exists, but becomes much weaker. The Warm tongue moves obviously eastward. In summer, the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass occupies the whole Yellow Sea and the YSWC disappears.
(2)On the inter-annual variation of the YSWC: there are evident cycles of 4～7a in the Strength of the YSWC, which is well responsed to the longitudinal component of winter monsoon; The pathway of the YSWC has a cycles of 3～6a, which is obviously influenced by the latitudinal component of winter monsoon; When the winter monsoon strenthes, the YSWC strenthes and pathway moves westward.
(3) On the inter-annual variation of the YSWC remanent water: Although the YSWC has disappeared in summer, the YSWC remanent water is located in the core area of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass. By using the method of EOF, we can find: There are evident cycles of 4～7a in the Strength of the YSWC remanent water; The core area of the YSWC remanent current is about located in 123.5°E in summer, which moves a little eastward.
(1)黄海暖流季节变化:秋季黄海南部近底层已出现较为稳定的北向余流,表明黄海暖流在秋季已经开始出现。黄海水温分布亦显示出暖水舌的雏形,也是黄海暖流开始出现的佐证;冬季黄海暖流发展成熟,势力达到最强,不仅在近底层表现为一支稳定的北向流,在表层及次表层北向流亦是主要流态;春季黄海暖流仍然存在,从温度和盐度分布图上仍能看到高盐暖水舌的存在,但舌轴已明显东移,且流速也已经变弱,流向由冬季的偏西北向转为北向;夏季锚系站的余流均呈现东南向,表现为黄海冷水团的环流结构,此时黄海暖流已经消失。
(2)黄海暖流年际变化:黄海暖流的强弱存在4～7a的年际变化周期,并与冬季经向风具有较好的响应关系;黄海暖流多年平均的流轴在123°E左右,其流轴的摆动存在一个3～6a的变化周期,而且其流轴的摆动明显受冬季纬向风的影响;冬季风强,黄海暖流亦强,且流轴西移。
(3)黄海暖流残留水年际变化:夏季黄海暖流虽然已经消失,但黄海暖流残留水仍然存在于冷水团的核心区内。通过对黄海暖流残留水做EOF分析,结果表明:夏季黄海暖流残留水存在一个4～7a的年际变化;其核心位置在123.5°E左右,比冬季黄海暖流流轴明显东偏(冬季大约在123°E)。
The seasonal variation of the Yellow Sea Warm Current(YSWC) is analysed based on current data from the moored Acoustic Doppler Profilers(ADCPs) and conductivity-temperature-depth data collected in the southern Yellow Sea in four seasons during 2006～2007; Then, based on multiple-year continuous collected hydrographic surveyed data and taking the Yellow Sea Warm Water tongue as a single indication of the Yellow Sea Warm Current(YSWC), the inter-annual variation of the YSWC and YSWC remanent water are studied by using the methods of Empirical Orthogonal Functions(EOF) and spectral analyses. The results showed that:
(1)On the seasonal variation of the YSWC: In autumn, a relatively stable northern current appears in the near-bottom layer in the Southern Yellow Sea, which implies that the YSWC begins to form. Meanwhile, an embryonic form of the warm tongue on the distribution of the temperature in the Yellow Sea also shows the appearance of the YSWC. In winter, the stable northward current appears not only in the near-bottom layer, but also in the upper layer, implying the YSWC develop quite well and becomes quite strong. In spring, the YSWC still exists, but becomes much weaker. The Warm tongue moves obviously eastward. In summer, the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass occupies the whole Yellow Sea and the YSWC disappears.
(2)On the inter-annual variation of the YSWC: there are evident cycles of 4～7a in the Strength of the YSWC, which is well responsed to the longitudinal component of winter monsoon; The pathway of the YSWC has a cycles of 3～6a, which is obviously influenced by the latitudinal component of winter monsoon; When the winter monsoon strenthes, the YSWC strenthes and pathway moves westward.
(3) On the inter-annual variation of the YSWC remanent water: Although the YSWC has disappeared in summer, the YSWC remanent water is located in the core area of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass. By using the method of EOF, we can find: There are evident cycles of 4～7a in the Strength of the YSWC remanent water; The core area of the YSWC remanent current is about located in 123.5°E in summer, which moves a little eastward.
引文
许一,硕士学位论文,国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2005.
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翁学传,张以恳,王从敏,等.黄海冷水团的变化特征[J].海洋与湖沼,1988,19(4):119-131.
刘桂梅,孙文心,雷坤,等.黄、东海环流的数值研究——正压环流的数值模拟[J].中国海洋大学学报,2002,32(1):1-8.
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郭炳火,邹娥梅,等.黄海、东海水交换的季节变异[J].海洋学报,2000,22(增刊):13-23.
汤毓祥,邹娥梅,等.南黄海环流的若干特征[J].海洋学报,2000,22(1):1-12.
汤毓祥,邹娥梅,等.冬至初春黄海暖流的路径和起源[J].海洋学报,2001,23(1):1-12.
赫崇本,汪圆祥,等.黄海冷水团的形成及其性质的初步探讨[J].海洋与湖沼,1959,11(1):11-15.
阎俊岳,李江龙,等.东海及邻近地区百年来的温度变化[J].海洋学报,1997,19(6):121-126.
江蓓洁,鲍献文,吴德星,许建平,等.北黄海冷水团温、盐多年变化特征及影响因素[J].海洋学报,2007,29(4):1-10.
于非,许一,等.东海海表面温度长期变化趋势研究[J].海洋科学进展,2003,21(4):477-481.
黄嘉佑.气象统计分析与预报方法[M]. 北京:气象出版社,2004.
魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,1999.
张启龙,翁学传,颜廷壮,等.西太平洋暖池海域SST场的时空特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(4),349-354.
陈上及,马继耐.海洋数据处理分析方法及其应用[M].北京:海洋出版社,1991.
安鸿志,顾岚.统计模型与预报方法[M],北京:气象出版社,1986.
陈则实,何元成等.黄海海流状况.海洋研究,1979,3(增刊):1-42.
刘兴泉.黄海冬季环流的数值模拟[J].海洋与湖沼,1996,27(5),546-555.
王建,白世彪等.Surfer8地理信息制图.中国地理出版社,2004.
管秉贤.黄海冷水团水温变化以及环流特征的初步分析[J]. 海洋与湖沼,1963,5(4):255-284.
孙湘平.气候异常引起的黄海冷水团及渤海冰情变异的若干例证[J].海洋湖沼通报,1980,1:1-8.
翁学传,张以恳,王从敏,等.黄海冷水团的变化特征[J].海洋与湖沼,1988,19(4):119-131.
缪经榜,刘兴泉,薛亚.北黄海冷水团形成机制的初步探讨.模式解,中国科学 1990 B 20(12):131-132.
苏纪兰,黄大吉.黄海冷水团的环流结构[J].海洋与湖沼增刊,1995,26(5):1-7.
袁业立,李惠卿.黄海冷水团环流结构及生成机制研究.I.0 阶解及冷水团的环流结构[J].中国科学(B),1993,23(1):93-103.
任惠君,詹杰民.黄海冷水团的季节变化特征及其形成机制研究[J].水动力学研究与进展.2005,20:887-896.
沈明球,房建孟.黑潮大弯曲的灰色分析和预测[J].海洋通报,1997,16(2):11-19.
李坤平.黄海冷水团对海洋变动的响应[J].海洋学报,1991,13(6):779-785.
于非,张志欣,刁新源,等.黄海冷水团演变过程及其与邻近水团关系的分析[J].海洋学报,2006,28(5):26-34.
翁学传,张以恳,王从敏,等.黄海冷水团的变化特征[J].海洋与湖沼,1988,19(4):119-131.
刘桂梅,孙文心,雷坤,等.黄、东海环流的数值研究——正压环流的数值模拟[J].中国海洋大学学报,2002,32(1):1-8.
鲍献文,苏洁,郭心顺,等.黄、渤海热结构及环流季节变化的数值模拟[J]. 中国海洋大学学报,2004,34(4):513-522.
Hsueh.Y.Recent current observations in the eastern yellow sea.Journal of Geophysical Research,1988,93(C6):6875-6884.
Beardsley R.C.,R.Limeburner, H Yu, et al. Discharge of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) into the East China Sea, Count.Shelf Res., 1985,4:57-76.
Won-Sun Park,Im Sang Oh.Interannual and interdecadal variations of sea surface temperature in the East Asian Marginal Seas[J].Progress in Oceanography ,2000,47:191-204.
Chente Tseng, Chiyuan Lin,Shihchin Chen,Chungzen Shyu.Temporal and spatial variations of sea surface temperature in the East China Sea[J].Continental ShelfResearch,2000,20:373-387.
H.Bjornsson and S.A.Venegas. A Manual for EOF and SVD Analyses of Climatic Data[J].Departement of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Center for Climate and Global Change Research of McGill university,1997.
Park,Y H. A simple theoretical model for the upwind flow in the southern Yellow Sea. J.Oceanol.Soc.Korea,1986,21:203-210.
Fang, W., Hsieh,W.W..Summer sea surface temperature variability off Vancouver and from satellite data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,98:14391-14405.
Nitani H, Beginning of the Kuroshio. In Kuroshio, Its Physical Aspects, ed. By H.Stommel and K.Yoshida, Univ.of Tokyo Press,Tokyo.1972,129-163.
Chiswell,S,M.. Variability in sea surface temperature around New Zealand from AVHRR Images[J].Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshiwater New Research,1994,28,179-192.
Yunyue Yu,William J.Emery. Satellite derived sea surface temperature variability in the western Tropical Ocean[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1996, 58:299-310.
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