振荡筛节能机理的分析与研究
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摘要
振动机械在工程应用中,由于振动能量没能被工作介质完全吸收因此造成了能源的浪费。针对振动机械存在的能源浪费问题,本文根据振动机械和冲击机械在启动阶段消耗功率最大和受有势力作用的特征,在求证功率方程时,将其系统中存在的有势力分离出来,结合有势力的做功以及系统动能变化率最小等情况研究振动机械的节能问题,提出了基于势能为常量的机械节能设计原理。该原理阐述了在振动机械中存在有势力时,使有势力构成平衡力系或平衡状态力系能够达到节能的目的。同时分析得出:振动能量不能被工作介质完全吸收,造成的能源浪费不仅与振动机械振体的运动形式有关,而且与惯性激振器输出的激振力、激振力偶(平面、空间)以及机架的振动密切相关。
振动筛分机械的生产率和筛分质量已经成为提高高速公路的施工进度和施工质量的瓶径,同样存在着能量的浪费问题,本文在论证了基于势能为常量的机械节能设计原理正确性的基础上,针对筛分机械存在的能源浪费问题把此节能原理应用到筛分机械中,使筛分机械的激振器构成平衡状态有势力系,满足势能为常量的条件,进行振荡筛的设计,在改变惯性激振器输出激振力为激振力偶的同时将筛体的振动变为振荡,通过对试验样机的理论分析与计算,得出振荡筛在节省能量方面相比传统振动筛有较大优势。
通过理论分析和试验测量初步得出:实现惯性激振器系统势能为常量、振体(筛体+弹簧)系统势能为常量、系统动能变化率最小的节能技术。
In engineering applications,because the service medium hasn’t absorbed all vibration energy of vibration machine,there is a energy-wasting problem. Aimed at the energy-wasting problem in the vibration machine, according to the character that vibration and impact machine consume the most power in the start moment and receive potential force, at the time of asking for the power equation, separated the potential force from the machine system, researched the energy-saving effect combining with the effect of potential force. Introduced a new principle of machine energy-saving design, based on the potential energy as a constant. The principle indicates if there are potential forces in the vibration machine, making the potential force be a balance system can reach the purpose of saving energy, at the same time came to the conclusion that vibration energy can’t be fully absorbed by service medium,the energy-wasting is not only related with the movement form of vibration machine but also excitation form and the vibration of the work.
The productivity and the screening quality had seriously affected the highway’s rate of progress and the construction quality, Vibration sieve also had the energy-wasting problem. After proving the validity of machine energy-saving design, applied the principle in vibration sieve in order to resolve the energy wasting problem. Made vibration exciters to be a balance system of potential force, satisfied the condition potential energy to be constant to design the oscillation sieve. Changed the output of vibration exciter from force to moment, at the same time changed the movement form of vibration sieve from vibration to oscillation. The conclusion that oscillation sieve is better than vibration sieve in the effect of saving-energy by analyzing the testing vibration sieve can be gained.
By theory analyzing and testing, the energy-saving technology can be realized which need to be satisfied vibration exciter to be a balance system of potential energy、the equipment to be a balance system of potential energy and the rate of kinetic energy to be the least.
振动筛分机械的生产率和筛分质量已经成为提高高速公路的施工进度和施工质量的瓶径,同样存在着能量的浪费问题,本文在论证了基于势能为常量的机械节能设计原理正确性的基础上,针对筛分机械存在的能源浪费问题把此节能原理应用到筛分机械中,使筛分机械的激振器构成平衡状态有势力系,满足势能为常量的条件,进行振荡筛的设计,在改变惯性激振器输出激振力为激振力偶的同时将筛体的振动变为振荡,通过对试验样机的理论分析与计算,得出振荡筛在节省能量方面相比传统振动筛有较大优势。
通过理论分析和试验测量初步得出:实现惯性激振器系统势能为常量、振体(筛体+弹簧)系统势能为常量、系统动能变化率最小的节能技术。
In engineering applications,because the service medium hasn’t absorbed all vibration energy of vibration machine,there is a energy-wasting problem. Aimed at the energy-wasting problem in the vibration machine, according to the character that vibration and impact machine consume the most power in the start moment and receive potential force, at the time of asking for the power equation, separated the potential force from the machine system, researched the energy-saving effect combining with the effect of potential force. Introduced a new principle of machine energy-saving design, based on the potential energy as a constant. The principle indicates if there are potential forces in the vibration machine, making the potential force be a balance system can reach the purpose of saving energy, at the same time came to the conclusion that vibration energy can’t be fully absorbed by service medium,the energy-wasting is not only related with the movement form of vibration machine but also excitation form and the vibration of the work.
The productivity and the screening quality had seriously affected the highway’s rate of progress and the construction quality, Vibration sieve also had the energy-wasting problem. After proving the validity of machine energy-saving design, applied the principle in vibration sieve in order to resolve the energy wasting problem. Made vibration exciters to be a balance system of potential force, satisfied the condition potential energy to be constant to design the oscillation sieve. Changed the output of vibration exciter from force to moment, at the same time changed the movement form of vibration sieve from vibration to oscillation. The conclusion that oscillation sieve is better than vibration sieve in the effect of saving-energy by analyzing the testing vibration sieve can be gained.
By theory analyzing and testing, the energy-saving technology can be realized which need to be satisfied vibration exciter to be a balance system of potential energy、the equipment to be a balance system of potential energy and the rate of kinetic energy to be the least.
引文
[1]傅莉,宋晓梅.筛分机械的现状及其发展[J].沈阳大学学报(自然科学版),2000,12(2):32-34
[2]范朝阳.振动机械的发展与展望[J] .矿业快报.2004,(2):10~11
[3]刘世勋,杨培胜.振动筛分机的研究动向[J].矿山机械.1997,(14):22~26
[4]伊建宏.直线振动筛横梁产生裂纹的原因分析[J].选煤技术,2004年第6期
[5]宴静江,朱维兵.双轴椭圆钻井振动筛系统动力学分析[J].西华大学学报自然科学版,2006,25(6):73-75
[6]汪一佛.国内外筛分机及其技术[J].水泥工程,1996年第5期
[7]闻邦椿,刘风翘,刘杰.振动筛振动给料机振动输送机的设计与调试.北京:化学工业出版社.1 9 8 9
[8]闻邦椿,刘风翘.振动机械的理论及应用(M).北京:机械工业出版社.1982
[9]王正浩,王国业,刘维伟.振动筛的研究现状与发展趋势[J].沈阳建筑工程学报,1999,15(1):77-80
[10]段斌修.振动筛分机械的应用与发展[J].武钢技术,1999,37(5):3-5
[11]宋书中,周祖德,胡业发.振动筛分机械发展概述及新型振动筛研究初探[J].矿山机械,2006,34(4):73-75
[12]付宗敏.我国筛分机械的基本情况及产品结构的调整[J].矿山机械,1997年第7期
[13]刘蔚.工业建筑节能与可持续发展[J].科技资讯,2007 No 09
[14]保箐.节能降耗合理利用能源资源思路浅析[J].2006,22(1):30-32
[15]阳仁贵.振动筛起动和停车过程中的减振措施[J]
[16]刘奎胜,谭兆衡.筛分机械的应用和发展[J].矿山机械,1998年第7期
[17]张玉新.试谈能源危机和解决的方法.应用能源技术[J] .2003(4):32
[18]哈尔滨工业大学理论力学教研组.理论力学(M)(第五版).北京:高教出版社.1997:126~136
[19] .车胜创.基于有势力系的振动机械设计节能原理[J].筑路机械与施工机械化2007.23(3):10-12
[20] .车胜创基于势能为常量的振动机械设计节能原理[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版)2007.27(4):79～81
[21]车胜创,陈波.节能惯性激振器中国专利证书号:第825112号.专利号:ZL200520079328.3; 2006.10
[22]车胜创.基于陀螺的振动压实机械的力学特性和性能[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2004,24(4):79～81
[23]孙祖望.压实技术与压实机械的发展与展望[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2004,5:4-7
[24]杨东来,孙祖望,陈飚,黄洪涛.振荡压实与振动压实压实效果对比试验研究[J].中国工程机械学报.2005,3(1):118-123
[25]马骀.振动给料机及振动筛电机功率的计算[J].轻金属,2005年第11期
[26]季文美,方同,陈松淇.机械振动(M).北京:科学出版社,1985
[27] William T. Thomson , Marie Dahleh. Theory of Vibration with Applications(M)(Fifth Edition).北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[28]屈维德.机械振动手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[29]刘晋峰,来彬.直线振动筛下衡量的动态特性分析[J].机械管理开发,2007(1):71-72
[30]段斌修.LZS3000×8000大型振动筛运行故障分析与自同步改造设计的研究[D].武汉:武汉冶金科技大学,1999
[31]王新文.振动筛电机功率计算探讨[J].选煤技术,1997年10月第5期
[32]魏克新、王云亮、陈志敏、高强.MATLAB语言与自动控制系统设计(M).北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[33]吴旭光、杨惠珍、王新民.计算机仿真技术(M).北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[34]Edward B.Magrab、Shapour Azarm、James H.Duncan著,高会生、李新叶等译.An Engineer’s Guide to MATLAB with Application from Mechanical, Aerospace, Electrical, and Civil Engineering(M) .Second Edition北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[35]成大先等.机械设计手册(M)第三版.北京:化学工业出版社,1993
[36]Jacques Steyn. Fatigue failure of deck support beams on a vibrating screen. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Volume 61,Issues2-3, 1995,pages315-327
[37]M.L.Jansen,J.R.Glastonbury. The size separation of particles by screening. Powser Technology, Volume1,Issue6,April1968,pages334-343
[38]R.S.C.Rogers,K.A.Brame.An analysis of the high-frequency screening of fine slurries.Powder Technology,Volume42,Issue3,June 1985,pages297-304
[39]Allan Waters. Development of banana deck vibrating screen.Filtration & Separation,Volume28,Issue2,March-April1991,pages90-91
[40]N.Standish,A.K.Bharadwaj,G.Hariri-Akbari. A study of the effect of operation variables on the efficiency of a vibrating screen. Powder Technology, Volume48,Issue2,October1986,pages161-172
[41]王春彦,岳大鑫.振动筛振动电机的选取与激振力的调整[J].农业装备与车辆工程.2007(2):50-51
[42]李诗龙,宋新毛.振动筛振动电机安装轴的断裂分析及对策[J].轻工机械,2004年第4期
[43]李瑞春,郭奉军.振动筛支承横梁破断分析及结构改造[J].煤矿机械,2004年第3期
[44]张书辉.振动筛的损坏原因分析及其结构改进[J].机械设计,2001年NO12
[45]邵国强,句德山.浅析直线振动筛损坏原因[J].西山科技,2000年第2期
[46]程方强,陈如恒,司佃文,白雪明.单轴椭圆振动筛动力特性的理论分析[J].石油机械,1998,26(7):35-38
[47]李克玮.南钢烧结厂振动筛改造的分析与回顾[J].江苏冶金,2004,32(3):10-13
[2]范朝阳.振动机械的发展与展望[J] .矿业快报.2004,(2):10~11
[3]刘世勋,杨培胜.振动筛分机的研究动向[J].矿山机械.1997,(14):22~26
[4]伊建宏.直线振动筛横梁产生裂纹的原因分析[J].选煤技术,2004年第6期
[5]宴静江,朱维兵.双轴椭圆钻井振动筛系统动力学分析[J].西华大学学报自然科学版,2006,25(6):73-75
[6]汪一佛.国内外筛分机及其技术[J].水泥工程,1996年第5期
[7]闻邦椿,刘风翘,刘杰.振动筛振动给料机振动输送机的设计与调试.北京:化学工业出版社.1 9 8 9
[8]闻邦椿,刘风翘.振动机械的理论及应用(M).北京:机械工业出版社.1982
[9]王正浩,王国业,刘维伟.振动筛的研究现状与发展趋势[J].沈阳建筑工程学报,1999,15(1):77-80
[10]段斌修.振动筛分机械的应用与发展[J].武钢技术,1999,37(5):3-5
[11]宋书中,周祖德,胡业发.振动筛分机械发展概述及新型振动筛研究初探[J].矿山机械,2006,34(4):73-75
[12]付宗敏.我国筛分机械的基本情况及产品结构的调整[J].矿山机械,1997年第7期
[13]刘蔚.工业建筑节能与可持续发展[J].科技资讯,2007 No 09
[14]保箐.节能降耗合理利用能源资源思路浅析[J].2006,22(1):30-32
[15]阳仁贵.振动筛起动和停车过程中的减振措施[J]
[16]刘奎胜,谭兆衡.筛分机械的应用和发展[J].矿山机械,1998年第7期
[17]张玉新.试谈能源危机和解决的方法.应用能源技术[J] .2003(4):32
[18]哈尔滨工业大学理论力学教研组.理论力学(M)(第五版).北京:高教出版社.1997:126~136
[19] .车胜创.基于有势力系的振动机械设计节能原理[J].筑路机械与施工机械化2007.23(3):10-12
[20] .车胜创基于势能为常量的振动机械设计节能原理[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版)2007.27(4):79～81
[21]车胜创,陈波.节能惯性激振器中国专利证书号:第825112号.专利号:ZL200520079328.3; 2006.10
[22]车胜创.基于陀螺的振动压实机械的力学特性和性能[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2004,24(4):79～81
[23]孙祖望.压实技术与压实机械的发展与展望[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2004,5:4-7
[24]杨东来,孙祖望,陈飚,黄洪涛.振荡压实与振动压实压实效果对比试验研究[J].中国工程机械学报.2005,3(1):118-123
[25]马骀.振动给料机及振动筛电机功率的计算[J].轻金属,2005年第11期
[26]季文美,方同,陈松淇.机械振动(M).北京:科学出版社,1985
[27] William T. Thomson , Marie Dahleh. Theory of Vibration with Applications(M)(Fifth Edition).北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[28]屈维德.机械振动手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[29]刘晋峰,来彬.直线振动筛下衡量的动态特性分析[J].机械管理开发,2007(1):71-72
[30]段斌修.LZS3000×8000大型振动筛运行故障分析与自同步改造设计的研究[D].武汉:武汉冶金科技大学,1999
[31]王新文.振动筛电机功率计算探讨[J].选煤技术,1997年10月第5期
[32]魏克新、王云亮、陈志敏、高强.MATLAB语言与自动控制系统设计(M).北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[33]吴旭光、杨惠珍、王新民.计算机仿真技术(M).北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[34]Edward B.Magrab、Shapour Azarm、James H.Duncan著,高会生、李新叶等译.An Engineer’s Guide to MATLAB with Application from Mechanical, Aerospace, Electrical, and Civil Engineering(M) .Second Edition北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[35]成大先等.机械设计手册(M)第三版.北京:化学工业出版社,1993
[36]Jacques Steyn. Fatigue failure of deck support beams on a vibrating screen. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Volume 61,Issues2-3, 1995,pages315-327
[37]M.L.Jansen,J.R.Glastonbury. The size separation of particles by screening. Powser Technology, Volume1,Issue6,April1968,pages334-343
[38]R.S.C.Rogers,K.A.Brame.An analysis of the high-frequency screening of fine slurries.Powder Technology,Volume42,Issue3,June 1985,pages297-304
[39]Allan Waters. Development of banana deck vibrating screen.Filtration & Separation,Volume28,Issue2,March-April1991,pages90-91
[40]N.Standish,A.K.Bharadwaj,G.Hariri-Akbari. A study of the effect of operation variables on the efficiency of a vibrating screen. Powder Technology, Volume48,Issue2,October1986,pages161-172
[41]王春彦,岳大鑫.振动筛振动电机的选取与激振力的调整[J].农业装备与车辆工程.2007(2):50-51
[42]李诗龙,宋新毛.振动筛振动电机安装轴的断裂分析及对策[J].轻工机械,2004年第4期
[43]李瑞春,郭奉军.振动筛支承横梁破断分析及结构改造[J].煤矿机械,2004年第3期
[44]张书辉.振动筛的损坏原因分析及其结构改进[J].机械设计,2001年NO12
[45]邵国强,句德山.浅析直线振动筛损坏原因[J].西山科技,2000年第2期
[46]程方强,陈如恒,司佃文,白雪明.单轴椭圆振动筛动力特性的理论分析[J].石油机械,1998,26(7):35-38
[47]李克玮.南钢烧结厂振动筛改造的分析与回顾[J].江苏冶金,2004,32(3):10-13