等离子点火系统的开发与研制
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摘要
火电站锅炉启动和低负荷稳燃过程中,需要消耗大量的燃料油,我国的油资源贫乏,并且国际原油价格昂贵,因此节油急不可待。等离子点火装置可以在不需要任何燃油的情况下点燃煤粉,达到点火及稳燃的目的,是一种有效节约锅炉点火、稳燃和调试用油的方法,对降低发电成本、节约油资源、增强国家能源安全有很大意义。等离子发生器是等离子点火系统主要设备之一,其结构特点、点火特性直接关系到该技术的应用和推广,因此,本文对等离子发生器的结构和点火特性进行了系统的研究。
本文介绍了等离子体的基本特性、等离子体点火系统的基本构成,对等离子发生器的阴极、阳极和通道以及冷却方式和燃烧器进行了设计分析。从热力学和物理化学的角度对等离子发生器出口的等离子体射流温度进行了数值模拟,给出了不同功率和流量之间的关系。然后对在磁场作用下等离子的运动进行了分析和特性研究。在此基础上设计制作等离子发生器和燃烧器进行了相关的实验研究。
It needs to consume a lot of oil during the course of startup and low-load combustion stabilization of pulverized coal boiler commissioning. Oil is very rare in our country, and oil price is very high in international market, therefore, saving oil is imperative. Plasma ignition system can ignite pulverized coal and stabilize flame without any oil, which is an important means to save oil used for the boiler ignition, flame stabilization and commissioning. It can be used to effectively reduce the cost of power generation, save oil resource and ensure the energy security for China. Plasma generator is one of the main devices of the plasma ignition system, whose structure and ignition characteristics play the key role in the application and popularization of plasma ignition technology. Therefore this paper studies the ignition characteristics of plasma generator systematically.
This thesis introduces the basic characteristics of plasma and fundamental configurations of plasma ignition system. Then it analyzes the design approach about components of the plasma generator and the plasma ignition burner, including the generator’s cathode, anode and the channel as well as the cooling mode. On this condition, applying knowledge of physical chemistry and thermodynamics, this thesis simulates theoretically plasma temperature of plasma generator outlet. We have known the relationship between the different power and the air flow. Later on research is made on the analyses of the plasma movement under the magnetic fields. Finally an experimental study is made to design and processes the plasma generator and the plasma ignition combustor.
本文介绍了等离子体的基本特性、等离子体点火系统的基本构成,对等离子发生器的阴极、阳极和通道以及冷却方式和燃烧器进行了设计分析。从热力学和物理化学的角度对等离子发生器出口的等离子体射流温度进行了数值模拟,给出了不同功率和流量之间的关系。然后对在磁场作用下等离子的运动进行了分析和特性研究。在此基础上设计制作等离子发生器和燃烧器进行了相关的实验研究。
It needs to consume a lot of oil during the course of startup and low-load combustion stabilization of pulverized coal boiler commissioning. Oil is very rare in our country, and oil price is very high in international market, therefore, saving oil is imperative. Plasma ignition system can ignite pulverized coal and stabilize flame without any oil, which is an important means to save oil used for the boiler ignition, flame stabilization and commissioning. It can be used to effectively reduce the cost of power generation, save oil resource and ensure the energy security for China. Plasma generator is one of the main devices of the plasma ignition system, whose structure and ignition characteristics play the key role in the application and popularization of plasma ignition technology. Therefore this paper studies the ignition characteristics of plasma generator systematically.
This thesis introduces the basic characteristics of plasma and fundamental configurations of plasma ignition system. Then it analyzes the design approach about components of the plasma generator and the plasma ignition burner, including the generator’s cathode, anode and the channel as well as the cooling mode. On this condition, applying knowledge of physical chemistry and thermodynamics, this thesis simulates theoretically plasma temperature of plasma generator outlet. We have known the relationship between the different power and the air flow. Later on research is made on the analyses of the plasma movement under the magnetic fields. Finally an experimental study is made to design and processes the plasma generator and the plasma ignition combustor.
引文
[1]朱成章.电力工业的节油与代油.节能与环保,2007,Vol. 18(6):16～18
[2]赵志鹏.截至2007年底我国装机容量七亿千瓦.DB/OL. http://news.sohu.com/20080113/n254626523.shtml,2008.4.12
[3]刘建明.世界电力工业手册.2006.北京:国电信息中心,2006 (4):1～3.
[4]烟台龙源公司.等离子宣传样本.2006.
[5] P.M.Kaniloa, V.I.Kazantsevb, N. I. Rasyukc. Plasma combustion of coal. Fuel,2003, 82(2): 187～193.
[6]黄少鹦.俄罗斯电站锅炉无油电加热煤粉点火燃烧技术.节能,2002, 10:13～15.
[7]澳大利亚开发等离子体直接点燃煤粉的技术.电信息报,1993,Vol.6(20):36～65
[8]胡景石,李洪庆,李勤刚.等离子燃烧技术在国投钦州发电公司的成功应用.全国火电大机组(600MW级)竞赛第11届年会论文集.2006,10～11
[9]李正志,吴波,陈韬.DLZ-200型等离子点火系统的应用.云南电力技术,2005,33(2):23～24.
[10]孙杏凡.等离子体及其应用.北京:高等教育出版社1982.14～17
[11] N. Tanahashi,A. Takeuchi, and K. Tanaka. Metal Recovery From the Waste Magnesia-Chromia Bricks With Arc Plasmas. Electrotechnology Applications R&D Center, Chubu Electric Power Co.,Inc.,Nagoya, Japan, 1992,(90):34～42
[12]张孝勇,王雨蓬,姜伟力等.等离子点燃煤粉的热物理分析.中国电力,2005, 38(12):82-84.
[13] Gururajan, V.S,et al Particles .Combustion Mechamism for the Ignition of Pulverized Coal and Flame,1990,81～92
[14]王争论.中心电弧等离子发生器及其在电热化学炮中的研究.[博士学位论文].南京.南京理工大学.2005.8～9
[15] W. F. Oberle, Bradley Goodell, Jahn Dyvik. Potential U. S. Army Applications of Electrothermal-Chemical (ETC) Gun Propulsion. Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Ballistics. 1998, 1:47～54
[16] C.B.Ruchti.Cylindrical of ablation-controlled arcs. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. Vol.16, No. 1, February 1988:47～49
[17]陈熙.高温电离气体的传热与流动.北京:科学出版社,1993.23～24
[18]刘志勇.大功率直流等离子发生器的设计.真空,1998,Vol.12(1):34～37
[19]杨津基.气体放电.北京:科学出版社,1999,18～39
[20]王爱生,纪书信,唐宏.等离子体发生器的长寿命阳极.中国,新型实用专利,00231573.4,2007.8.8
[21]周庆生.等离子喷涂技术.江苏科学技术出版社,2002.15～16
[22] M .?.茹科夫,A.C.科罗捷耶夫,B.A.乌柳科夫.热等离子体实用动力学.北京:科学出版社,1981.96～99
[23] E .R.G. Eckert. Advances in Heat Transfer. Academic Press. New Kork.4,1997
[24]南条敏夫.直流电弧炉的电弧现象.北京:冶金工业出版社,1998.
[25]德列斯文.低温等离子体物理及技术.北京:科学出版社,1980.
[26]张玉军.物理化学.郑州:郑州大学出版,2007.98～99
[27]林光海.等离子体物理学导论.北京:人民教育出版社,1989.45～50
[28] M .?.茹科夫,A.C.科罗捷耶夫,B.A.乌柳科夫.热等离子体实用动力学.北京:科学出版社,1981.136～137
[29] Messerle VE, Peregudov VS. Ignition and stabilisation of combustion of pulverised coal fuels by thermal plasma. Investigation and design of thermal plasma technology, vol. 2:London: Cambridge Interscience Publishing, 1995,Vol.34(6):323～343
[30]朱士尧.等离子体物理基础.北京:科学出版社,1983,56～58
[31] J. F. Coudert, Velocity Measurement of D. C. Plasma Jets Based on Arc Root Fluctuations. Plasma Process, 1995, 18 (1):47～70
[32]吴於人,于眀章,刘云龙.大学物理.上海:同济大学出版社. 2003.85～88
[33]巍群.螺线管磁场分布特征.长春工业大学学报.2003(9).69～70
[34] ZHOU Z. Experimental Research on No oil Ignition Technique of Pulverized Coal/Coah～water Slurry. Fuel and Energy Abstracts,1997,(9):310～317
[35]张孝勇,王雨蓬等.HM型等离子燃烧器多级燃烧特性数值模拟.中国电机工程学报,2006, Vol.26(4):15～18
[36] L. D. Smoot, P. O. e, Hedman, P. J. Smith. Pulverized Coal Combustion Research at Brigham Scienc Young University. Progress in Energy and Combustion 2002,Vol.10(4):123～144
[2]赵志鹏.截至2007年底我国装机容量七亿千瓦.DB/OL. http://news.sohu.com/20080113/n254626523.shtml,2008.4.12
[3]刘建明.世界电力工业手册.2006.北京:国电信息中心,2006 (4):1～3.
[4]烟台龙源公司.等离子宣传样本.2006.
[5] P.M.Kaniloa, V.I.Kazantsevb, N. I. Rasyukc. Plasma combustion of coal. Fuel,2003, 82(2): 187～193.
[6]黄少鹦.俄罗斯电站锅炉无油电加热煤粉点火燃烧技术.节能,2002, 10:13～15.
[7]澳大利亚开发等离子体直接点燃煤粉的技术.电信息报,1993,Vol.6(20):36～65
[8]胡景石,李洪庆,李勤刚.等离子燃烧技术在国投钦州发电公司的成功应用.全国火电大机组(600MW级)竞赛第11届年会论文集.2006,10～11
[9]李正志,吴波,陈韬.DLZ-200型等离子点火系统的应用.云南电力技术,2005,33(2):23～24.
[10]孙杏凡.等离子体及其应用.北京:高等教育出版社1982.14～17
[11] N. Tanahashi,A. Takeuchi, and K. Tanaka. Metal Recovery From the Waste Magnesia-Chromia Bricks With Arc Plasmas. Electrotechnology Applications R&D Center, Chubu Electric Power Co.,Inc.,Nagoya, Japan, 1992,(90):34～42
[12]张孝勇,王雨蓬,姜伟力等.等离子点燃煤粉的热物理分析.中国电力,2005, 38(12):82-84.
[13] Gururajan, V.S,et al Particles .Combustion Mechamism for the Ignition of Pulverized Coal and Flame,1990,81～92
[14]王争论.中心电弧等离子发生器及其在电热化学炮中的研究.[博士学位论文].南京.南京理工大学.2005.8～9
[15] W. F. Oberle, Bradley Goodell, Jahn Dyvik. Potential U. S. Army Applications of Electrothermal-Chemical (ETC) Gun Propulsion. Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Ballistics. 1998, 1:47～54
[16] C.B.Ruchti.Cylindrical of ablation-controlled arcs. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. Vol.16, No. 1, February 1988:47～49
[17]陈熙.高温电离气体的传热与流动.北京:科学出版社,1993.23～24
[18]刘志勇.大功率直流等离子发生器的设计.真空,1998,Vol.12(1):34～37
[19]杨津基.气体放电.北京:科学出版社,1999,18～39
[20]王爱生,纪书信,唐宏.等离子体发生器的长寿命阳极.中国,新型实用专利,00231573.4,2007.8.8
[21]周庆生.等离子喷涂技术.江苏科学技术出版社,2002.15～16
[22] M .?.茹科夫,A.C.科罗捷耶夫,B.A.乌柳科夫.热等离子体实用动力学.北京:科学出版社,1981.96～99
[23] E .R.G. Eckert. Advances in Heat Transfer. Academic Press. New Kork.4,1997
[24]南条敏夫.直流电弧炉的电弧现象.北京:冶金工业出版社,1998.
[25]德列斯文.低温等离子体物理及技术.北京:科学出版社,1980.
[26]张玉军.物理化学.郑州:郑州大学出版,2007.98～99
[27]林光海.等离子体物理学导论.北京:人民教育出版社,1989.45～50
[28] M .?.茹科夫,A.C.科罗捷耶夫,B.A.乌柳科夫.热等离子体实用动力学.北京:科学出版社,1981.136～137
[29] Messerle VE, Peregudov VS. Ignition and stabilisation of combustion of pulverised coal fuels by thermal plasma. Investigation and design of thermal plasma technology, vol. 2:London: Cambridge Interscience Publishing, 1995,Vol.34(6):323～343
[30]朱士尧.等离子体物理基础.北京:科学出版社,1983,56～58
[31] J. F. Coudert, Velocity Measurement of D. C. Plasma Jets Based on Arc Root Fluctuations. Plasma Process, 1995, 18 (1):47～70
[32]吴於人,于眀章,刘云龙.大学物理.上海:同济大学出版社. 2003.85～88
[33]巍群.螺线管磁场分布特征.长春工业大学学报.2003(9).69～70
[34] ZHOU Z. Experimental Research on No oil Ignition Technique of Pulverized Coal/Coah～water Slurry. Fuel and Energy Abstracts,1997,(9):310～317
[35]张孝勇,王雨蓬等.HM型等离子燃烧器多级燃烧特性数值模拟.中国电机工程学报,2006, Vol.26(4):15～18
[36] L. D. Smoot, P. O. e, Hedman, P. J. Smith. Pulverized Coal Combustion Research at Brigham Scienc Young University. Progress in Energy and Combustion 2002,Vol.10(4):123～144