区域性民居元素在建筑及景观设计中的应用研究
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摘要
四川民殷物丰,历史文化积淀深厚,城乡民居建筑式样丰富多彩。由于受气候、地理环境、建筑材料及生活习俗的影响,四川民居的地方特色十分浓郁。四川民居是由远古的干栏式建筑演变而成,形成了独具四川特色人文内涵的民居建筑。
随着社会的进步,经济的繁荣,人们对生活环境的质量要求越来越高,建筑设计也已经远远脱离了仅仅追求功能性,适用性的初步原则,转到更加深入的去关注人们的内心世界、关注人们在满足简单的生理需求后的更高要求。建筑早已从物质载体上升为文化、精神的载体。二郎镇作为四川省级重点小镇,正在进行全镇的总体规划和改造,并希望以郎酒文化为依托,将该镇打造为“中国第一酒镇”,从而带动全镇经济发展。对于二郎镇集镇居住区的建筑及景观设计,也应该突出体现这一文化内涵。
国内外对于相关内容的研究有各自不同的侧重点。国外建筑界对于四川民居的研究相对较少,但是对建筑的传统文化和地域文化的探索是相通的,新古典主义和地方主义两种理论流派的观点值得我们借鉴。在中国,对于传统文化和地域文化的传承和发展在建筑创作领域中的研究也是我们的建筑设计工作者所一直思考的问题。设计工作者们通过具体的设计实例归纳了复制和仿制、提取和拼贴、寻求理念等几种主要的方式,值得借鉴。
本文在总结国内外研究现状和基础上,依据设计定位展开对二郎镇居住区建筑及景观设计等相关问题的研究。通过引入建筑及景观设计原理、工程学、景观学、美学、生态学和相关理论的思想和方法,对四川民居的在空间布局、建筑外观、建筑结构及构造、建筑选材、建筑装饰等各方面的特征做出相关研究,提取出可用于设计的四川民居元素,例如四川民居的平面及空间布局屋顶、穿斗构架建筑用色等。同时又在传说故事、历史发展、生产工艺、产品包装等方面总结了郎酒文化并提取相关文化元素。通过四川民居元素和郎酒文化元素在二郎居住区建筑及景观设计中的运用来体现出该地区的区域民居特色,同时总结出郎酒文化与四川民居元素相融合的方式,以期对类似设计提供参考。
Sichuan, friendly people and rich specialty,long historical and cultural depth, variety of urban and rural residential architectural style. Due to climate, geographical environment, the impact of construction materials and living customs, the local characteristics of Sichuan is very strong residential. Sichuan houses dry column by ancient architecture evolved to form a unique human characteristics, the connotation of Sichuan residential buildings.
With the social progress and economic prosperity night, people's quality of life become increasingly demanding environment, architectural design is also far beyond the mere pursuit of functionality, applicability of the initial principles, to more in-depth attention to the people the inner world, concerned about the simple people to meet higher demand after the physiological needs. Construction has already risen from the material culture carrier, carrier of the spirit. Jiro town as a key town in Sichuan Province level, being the town's master plan and the transformation. Want to rely on Langjiu culture, will build the town as "the first wine town", thereby stimulating economic development in the town. Jiro town for town buildings and residential landscape design, should also highlighted the cultural connotation.
The related studys have their different emphases in abroad.Research about Sichuan Residential construction is relatively less in abord, but the construction of raditional culture and local culture exploration is shared, and neo-classical theory of localism are two schools of opinion are worth learning. In China, traditional culture and local cultural heritage and development in the field of architectural design architectural design of our workers have been thought. Design workers the door through specific design examples are summarized copying and imitation, extraction, and collage, to seek ideas, etc. There are several ways to be learned.
This paper summarizes the research status in-and-out,and later through the introduction of architectural and landscape design principles, engineering, landscape aesthetics, ecology and the theory of ideas and methods, Jiro town residential construction and related issues of the landscape, and Jiro Township, residential building and landscape design is expected to evaluate, and finally implication Langjiu characteristics of Sichuan houses elements into modern architecture and landscape design as a design position, and expand research and exploration. Through this thesis in the spatial distribution of Sichuan houses, building exterior, building structure and construction, building material selection, architectural features and other areas to make relevant research, extract the residential element of Sichuan. Also studied and summarized Langjiu culture and extract the relevant cultural elements. Through residential areas in Sichuan elements and cultural elements of Langjiu Jiro residential building and landscape design to reflect the use of the regional residential characteristics of the region, also summarized in Sichuan Langjiu culture into the residential element phase approach to the design of similar reference.
随着社会的进步,经济的繁荣,人们对生活环境的质量要求越来越高,建筑设计也已经远远脱离了仅仅追求功能性,适用性的初步原则,转到更加深入的去关注人们的内心世界、关注人们在满足简单的生理需求后的更高要求。建筑早已从物质载体上升为文化、精神的载体。二郎镇作为四川省级重点小镇,正在进行全镇的总体规划和改造,并希望以郎酒文化为依托,将该镇打造为“中国第一酒镇”,从而带动全镇经济发展。对于二郎镇集镇居住区的建筑及景观设计,也应该突出体现这一文化内涵。
国内外对于相关内容的研究有各自不同的侧重点。国外建筑界对于四川民居的研究相对较少,但是对建筑的传统文化和地域文化的探索是相通的,新古典主义和地方主义两种理论流派的观点值得我们借鉴。在中国,对于传统文化和地域文化的传承和发展在建筑创作领域中的研究也是我们的建筑设计工作者所一直思考的问题。设计工作者们通过具体的设计实例归纳了复制和仿制、提取和拼贴、寻求理念等几种主要的方式,值得借鉴。
本文在总结国内外研究现状和基础上,依据设计定位展开对二郎镇居住区建筑及景观设计等相关问题的研究。通过引入建筑及景观设计原理、工程学、景观学、美学、生态学和相关理论的思想和方法,对四川民居的在空间布局、建筑外观、建筑结构及构造、建筑选材、建筑装饰等各方面的特征做出相关研究,提取出可用于设计的四川民居元素,例如四川民居的平面及空间布局屋顶、穿斗构架建筑用色等。同时又在传说故事、历史发展、生产工艺、产品包装等方面总结了郎酒文化并提取相关文化元素。通过四川民居元素和郎酒文化元素在二郎居住区建筑及景观设计中的运用来体现出该地区的区域民居特色,同时总结出郎酒文化与四川民居元素相融合的方式,以期对类似设计提供参考。
Sichuan, friendly people and rich specialty,long historical and cultural depth, variety of urban and rural residential architectural style. Due to climate, geographical environment, the impact of construction materials and living customs, the local characteristics of Sichuan is very strong residential. Sichuan houses dry column by ancient architecture evolved to form a unique human characteristics, the connotation of Sichuan residential buildings.
With the social progress and economic prosperity night, people's quality of life become increasingly demanding environment, architectural design is also far beyond the mere pursuit of functionality, applicability of the initial principles, to more in-depth attention to the people the inner world, concerned about the simple people to meet higher demand after the physiological needs. Construction has already risen from the material culture carrier, carrier of the spirit. Jiro town as a key town in Sichuan Province level, being the town's master plan and the transformation. Want to rely on Langjiu culture, will build the town as "the first wine town", thereby stimulating economic development in the town. Jiro town for town buildings and residential landscape design, should also highlighted the cultural connotation.
The related studys have their different emphases in abroad.Research about Sichuan Residential construction is relatively less in abord, but the construction of raditional culture and local culture exploration is shared, and neo-classical theory of localism are two schools of opinion are worth learning. In China, traditional culture and local cultural heritage and development in the field of architectural design architectural design of our workers have been thought. Design workers the door through specific design examples are summarized copying and imitation, extraction, and collage, to seek ideas, etc. There are several ways to be learned.
This paper summarizes the research status in-and-out,and later through the introduction of architectural and landscape design principles, engineering, landscape aesthetics, ecology and the theory of ideas and methods, Jiro town residential construction and related issues of the landscape, and Jiro Township, residential building and landscape design is expected to evaluate, and finally implication Langjiu characteristics of Sichuan houses elements into modern architecture and landscape design as a design position, and expand research and exploration. Through this thesis in the spatial distribution of Sichuan houses, building exterior, building structure and construction, building material selection, architectural features and other areas to make relevant research, extract the residential element of Sichuan. Also studied and summarized Langjiu culture and extract the relevant cultural elements. Through residential areas in Sichuan elements and cultural elements of Langjiu Jiro residential building and landscape design to reflect the use of the regional residential characteristics of the region, also summarized in Sichuan Langjiu culture into the residential element phase approach to the design of similar reference.
引文
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[2]王朝霞.四川盆地传统民居地域特质与形成[J].重庆建筑.2004s1:106-109
[3]张平,李春雨.中国传统民居的生态设计观[J].山西建筑,2008.13:58-61
[4]赵巍岩,当代建筑美学意义[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2008.8
[5]四川省勘察设计协会.四川民居[M].成都:四川人民出版社.2004.6
[6]俞明红,辜彬,罗言云,徐澜婷.四川民居元素特征及园林应用[J].四川建筑科学研究,2007.4
[7]潘波,王旭东.四川传统民居解析[J].黑龙江科技信息,2007.5:89-92
[8]赖曦凌,新民居符号体系的应用于分析[J].西南交通大学学报(社会科学版),2004.9:136-138
[9] L V贝塔朗菲.一般系统论[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,1987
[10]金俊.理想景观[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2003.1-15
[11]俞孔坚,绿色景观:景观的生态化设计原理[A].第二界全国环境艺术设计大展论文集[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.12-16
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[17] Sue Roaf,Manuel Fuentes,Stephanie Thomas.生态建筑设计指南.粟德祥,邹涛译.中国林业出版社,2008.4
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[20]蔡镇钰等.建筑设计资料集[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.9
[21]李荣,李彪.传统民居的建造启示[J].南方建筑.2003.4
[22]阎波,曹正伟,谭文勇.地域性建筑与创作实践[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2006.1
[23]聂梅生,秦佑国等.中国生态住宅技术评估手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社2001.5-25
[24]荆其敏,张丽安.中外传统民居[M].北京:百花文艺出版社,2004.1
[25]季富政.巴蜀城镇与民居[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2000.4
[26]易涛.中国民居与传统文化[M].成都:四川人民出版社,2005.5
[27]卢仁,金承藻.园林建筑设计[M].中国林业出版社,1993.8
[28]吴为廉.景园建筑工程规划与设计[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1996.1
[30]宋智.伦人居环境设计与生态保护[J].中外建筑2001.5
[31]张惠.以人为本的人居环境设计[J].宁夏工程技术,2002.4
[32]罗佩,胡希军.居住区景观设计中的乡村意境营造[J]..北方园艺,2007.12
[33]吴纯,吴越.谈居住区景观设计的中国元素[J].中外建筑,2007.8
[34]任媛媛.浅谈居住区景观设计[J].工程与建设.2008.1
[35]刘先觉.中国近现代建筑艺术[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社.2004.
[36]楼庆西.中国传统建筑文化[M].北京:中国旅游出版社,2008.1
[37]陆琦.中国古民居之旅[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.1
[38]万书元.当代西方建筑美学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2002.7
[39] Crawley D.Aho.I.Building environmental assessment methods:applications and development trends. Building Research & Information,1999,27(4/5):300-308
[40] Lippiatt B BEES3.0-Building for Environmental and Economics Sustainabgility Technical Manual and User Guide Gaithersburg: National Inastitute of Standards and Technology. 2002
[41] Lenssen B, Roodman A.A Building Revolution: How Ecology and Health Concerns are Transforming Construetion. Washington DC: Worldwatch Institute, 1995
[42] Angela Acree Guggemos, Arpad Horvath. Framework for environmental analysis of commercial building structures. Construction Research.2003(2):1-8
[43] R.J.Cole. Building environmental assessment methods: assessing construction practices. Construction Management and Economics, 2000,18(8):949-57
[44]杰拉尔德·温伯格,丹妮拉·温伯格.系统设计的一般原理〔M].张凯,王佳译北京:北京:清华大学出版社,2004.1-12,161-172
[45]昊良镛,齐康,陶松龄等.发达地区城市化进程中建筑环境的保护与发展[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.15-132
[46]张晶晶.巴蜀民居的生态特征[J].四川建筑科学研究,2007.3:174-178
[47]夏云,夏葵,施燕.生态与可持续建筑[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社: 2001.6-70
[48]古蔺县二郎镇人民政府公众信息网
[49] http://www.langjiu.cn
[50] http://www.yingzao.net/dispbbs.asp?boardID=11&ID=11966&page=1
[51]百度网
[2]王朝霞.四川盆地传统民居地域特质与形成[J].重庆建筑.2004s1:106-109
[3]张平,李春雨.中国传统民居的生态设计观[J].山西建筑,2008.13:58-61
[4]赵巍岩,当代建筑美学意义[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2008.8
[5]四川省勘察设计协会.四川民居[M].成都:四川人民出版社.2004.6
[6]俞明红,辜彬,罗言云,徐澜婷.四川民居元素特征及园林应用[J].四川建筑科学研究,2007.4
[7]潘波,王旭东.四川传统民居解析[J].黑龙江科技信息,2007.5:89-92
[8]赖曦凌,新民居符号体系的应用于分析[J].西南交通大学学报(社会科学版),2004.9:136-138
[9] L V贝塔朗菲.一般系统论[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,1987
[10]金俊.理想景观[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2003.1-15
[11]俞孔坚,绿色景观:景观的生态化设计原理[A].第二界全国环境艺术设计大展论文集[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.12-16
[12]姚先成.建筑工程与环境保护[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2005
[13]陈望衡.艺术设计美学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社
[14]刘尔烈,苏俊明.城市建筑施工与环境保护[J].城市环境与城市生态,1996,9(2)62-64
[15] C.亚历山大.建筑的永恒之道[M].赵冰译.北京:知识产权出版社,2002.2
[16] C.亚历山大,S.伊希卡娃,M.西尔佛斯坦,M.雅各布逊,Z.菲克斯达尔-金,S.安吉尔.建筑模式语言[M].王听度,周序鸿译.知识产权出版社,2002.2
[17] Sue Roaf,Manuel Fuentes,Stephanie Thomas.生态建筑设计指南.粟德祥,邹涛译.中国林业出版社,2008.4
[18]骆宗岳,徐友岳.建筑设计原理与建筑设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.6
[19]卜一德,赵亚军,秦家顺.绿色建筑技术指南[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.4
[20]蔡镇钰等.建筑设计资料集[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.9
[21]李荣,李彪.传统民居的建造启示[J].南方建筑.2003.4
[22]阎波,曹正伟,谭文勇.地域性建筑与创作实践[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2006.1
[23]聂梅生,秦佑国等.中国生态住宅技术评估手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社2001.5-25
[24]荆其敏,张丽安.中外传统民居[M].北京:百花文艺出版社,2004.1
[25]季富政.巴蜀城镇与民居[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2000.4
[26]易涛.中国民居与传统文化[M].成都:四川人民出版社,2005.5
[27]卢仁,金承藻.园林建筑设计[M].中国林业出版社,1993.8
[28]吴为廉.景园建筑工程规划与设计[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1996.1
[30]宋智.伦人居环境设计与生态保护[J].中外建筑2001.5
[31]张惠.以人为本的人居环境设计[J].宁夏工程技术,2002.4
[32]罗佩,胡希军.居住区景观设计中的乡村意境营造[J]..北方园艺,2007.12
[33]吴纯,吴越.谈居住区景观设计的中国元素[J].中外建筑,2007.8
[34]任媛媛.浅谈居住区景观设计[J].工程与建设.2008.1
[35]刘先觉.中国近现代建筑艺术[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社.2004.
[36]楼庆西.中国传统建筑文化[M].北京:中国旅游出版社,2008.1
[37]陆琦.中国古民居之旅[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.1
[38]万书元.当代西方建筑美学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2002.7
[39] Crawley D.Aho.I.Building environmental assessment methods:applications and development trends. Building Research & Information,1999,27(4/5):300-308
[40] Lippiatt B BEES3.0-Building for Environmental and Economics Sustainabgility Technical Manual and User Guide Gaithersburg: National Inastitute of Standards and Technology. 2002
[41] Lenssen B, Roodman A.A Building Revolution: How Ecology and Health Concerns are Transforming Construetion. Washington DC: Worldwatch Institute, 1995
[42] Angela Acree Guggemos, Arpad Horvath. Framework for environmental analysis of commercial building structures. Construction Research.2003(2):1-8
[43] R.J.Cole. Building environmental assessment methods: assessing construction practices. Construction Management and Economics, 2000,18(8):949-57
[44]杰拉尔德·温伯格,丹妮拉·温伯格.系统设计的一般原理〔M].张凯,王佳译北京:北京:清华大学出版社,2004.1-12,161-172
[45]昊良镛,齐康,陶松龄等.发达地区城市化进程中建筑环境的保护与发展[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.15-132
[46]张晶晶.巴蜀民居的生态特征[J].四川建筑科学研究,2007.3:174-178
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