冬季黑潮海温与后期夏季东亚大气环流及我国气候的关系
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摘要
本文首先通过EOF分析确定了冬季黑潮区SST的主要分布形势,发现冬季黑潮区海温主要表现为冷异常或暖异常。再分别通过统计和数值模拟的方法,系统的分析了冬季黑潮海温冷暖异常时,后期夏季东亚地区高低空的主要环流系统的异常,以及这些异常又如何进一步影响了我国夏季的降水和气温。结果发现当黑潮海温冷异常时,后期夏季大陆热低压加深,东亚夏季风偏强。中纬度阻塞高压减弱,东亚地区纬向环流发展,在东亚-西太平洋地区激发“-+-”的东亚遥相关型,从而西太平洋副高强度偏弱,面积偏小,位置偏东、偏北,东亚梅雨锋也偏弱,季风槽则变强,位置偏北。同时南亚高压偏弱,位置偏北、偏东,易形成东部型。这样的高低空的环流配置造成我国夏季雨带位置偏北,多雨区在黄河流域及华北地区,而黄河以南、长江流域降水偏少,同时我国西北和中部地区气温偏高,南部沿海地区的气温偏低。当黑潮海温暖异常时,形势相反。
By using of EOF analysis, distribution of SST over the kuroshio area during winter are identified , which show cold or warm anomaly. Then by using of statistics and numerical simulation analysis, research abnormality of the main circulation system at following summer in East Asia, and the influence of the abnormality on the rainfall and temperature in summer in China, when SST over the kuroshio area during winter show cold or warm anomaly. As a result, we find that in winter when the kuroshio is cooler than the normal, at following summer, the continental cyclone deepen and the East Asia monsoon strengthen , that the mid-latitude blocking high weaken and zonal circulation develop, the East Asia teleconnection of"-+-" is stired up, so that subtropical high weaken and diminish, and tend to east\north, tropical monsoon trough strengthen and mei-yu front weaken, and tend to north, meanwhile South Asia high weaken and diminish, and tend to eastVnorth, is easy to form eastern region type. The above circul
    ation structure cause that rain belt tend to north in summer in China, rainfall of the Yellow River valley and North China become more, but rainfall of south to the Yellow River and Yangtze River valley become less, meanwhile temperature of Northwest and central region become high, but temperature of south department foreland become low. In winter when the kuroshio is wormer than the normal, the situation is different.
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