辽宁大中型工业企业技术创新能力评价研究
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摘要
在科技经济一体化的今天,技术进步对经济增长的贡献已经超出了资本和劳动力这两大传统的生产要素,成为经济长期增长的最为重要的决定因素。对企业来说,企业的技术创新能力在很大程度上决定着企业竞争力的大小,它为企业创造了崭新的市场机会;同时,技术创新所引起的技术变革对整个国家和地区的经济增长和竞争能力的提高也都起着重大作用。
辽宁是我国的老工业基地之一,大中型工业企业分布比较集中。长期以来,辽宁受计划经济体制的影响,大中型工业企业大都没有自己知识产权的技术,技术来源主要是靠模仿和引进,技术创新能力普遍偏低。这种情况不仅导致产品竞争力差,更使经济发展出现了严重滞后的局面。面临着激烈的市场竞争,辽宁大中型工业企业的技术创新能力和创新活动已经成为决定企业生存和发展的动力和源泉。因此,如何客观了解辽宁大中型工业企业技术创新能力现状和技术创新过程中存在的问题,并针对存在的问题提出相应的解决办法和对策,已经成为辽宁大中型工业企业在激烈竞争的市场环境中立于不败之地的决定性因素。
本文在综述国内外有关技术创新和技术创新能力的相关理论基础上,基于技术创新的过程理论并针对技术创新能力的特点,构建了企业技术创新能力评价指标体系。随后,本文以辽宁大中型工业企业为研究对象,以技术创新评价指标体系为核心,先对辽宁大中型工业企业的技术创新能力各重要指标进行对比分析,再用模糊评价模型进行数理评价,从宏观和微观上完整、全面、系统地反映了辽宁大中型工业企业技术创新能力的状况及规律性。
通过评价分析,发现辽宁大中型工业企业技术创新能力较低。在技术创新的投入、实施、产出及组织管理等方面存在着一系列重大问题。针对这些问题,本文探讨了提高辽宁大中型工业企业技术创新能力的对策和建议,希望给企业和相关部门提供有利的参考。
With the integration of technology and economy, the contribution that the technology brings to economic growth is far more than the capital and labor do, and has become the most important deceiving factor of economic long-term growth. According to the enterprise, the technological innovation ability (TIA) determines the competitive ability, it creates new market opportunity. Meanwhile, the technological change that technological innovation causes plays a great important role in economic growth and the improvement of the competition of country (or area).
Liaoning province is one of the old industrial bases in our country where Large-and-medium-scale industrial enterprises are quite located. For many years, It was affected by the planed economy and most of its Large-and-medium-scale industrial enterprises lacked independent technology of intellectual property, thus imitation and introduction abroad became the main source of technologies. Management mode is production oriented focusing on the quality of products, which resulted in the inferior competitive power and economy development has been seriously lagged in the end. Faced with the challenge from the domestic and foreign enterprises, Our Large-and-medium-scale industrial enterprises' technological innovation ability and the innovative activities already became the development power and the fountainhead of our enterprises. Under this situation, how to understand objectively the present situation of technological innovation ability and find the question in the technological innovation process of Liaoning Large-and-medium-scale industrial enterprises, and aims at the question to propose the corresponding solution and countermeasure, already became the determining factor which is in an impregnable position in steep competition's market environment of Large-and-medium-scale industrial enterprises.
On the base of the studies of the technological innovation theories at home and abroad, according to the technological innovation the process theory and aims at the characteristic of technological innovation ability, this thesis has constructed the enterprise technological innovation ability evaluating index system. Afterward, according to the index system of the technological innovation measure, using the method of statistics and questionnaire investigation, through the vertical contrast of absolute indexes and horizontal contrast of relative indexes, we gained a clear idea of basic situation of technological innovation of large-and-medium-scale industrial enterprises in Liaoning.
On the basis of the analysis of the present situation of technological innovation of large-and-medium-scale industrial enterprises in Liaoning, this thesis points out the main problems in the process of technological innovation. We provide some relative countermeasures for perfecting the enterprises technological innovation mechanism and increasing the enterprises technological innovation motility for the existing problems, and all are supposed to be references for decisions for the large-and-medium-scale enterprises in Liaoning and related government departments.
辽宁是我国的老工业基地之一,大中型工业企业分布比较集中。长期以来,辽宁受计划经济体制的影响,大中型工业企业大都没有自己知识产权的技术,技术来源主要是靠模仿和引进,技术创新能力普遍偏低。这种情况不仅导致产品竞争力差,更使经济发展出现了严重滞后的局面。面临着激烈的市场竞争,辽宁大中型工业企业的技术创新能力和创新活动已经成为决定企业生存和发展的动力和源泉。因此,如何客观了解辽宁大中型工业企业技术创新能力现状和技术创新过程中存在的问题,并针对存在的问题提出相应的解决办法和对策,已经成为辽宁大中型工业企业在激烈竞争的市场环境中立于不败之地的决定性因素。
本文在综述国内外有关技术创新和技术创新能力的相关理论基础上,基于技术创新的过程理论并针对技术创新能力的特点,构建了企业技术创新能力评价指标体系。随后,本文以辽宁大中型工业企业为研究对象,以技术创新评价指标体系为核心,先对辽宁大中型工业企业的技术创新能力各重要指标进行对比分析,再用模糊评价模型进行数理评价,从宏观和微观上完整、全面、系统地反映了辽宁大中型工业企业技术创新能力的状况及规律性。
通过评价分析,发现辽宁大中型工业企业技术创新能力较低。在技术创新的投入、实施、产出及组织管理等方面存在着一系列重大问题。针对这些问题,本文探讨了提高辽宁大中型工业企业技术创新能力的对策和建议,希望给企业和相关部门提供有利的参考。
With the integration of technology and economy, the contribution that the technology brings to economic growth is far more than the capital and labor do, and has become the most important deceiving factor of economic long-term growth. According to the enterprise, the technological innovation ability (TIA) determines the competitive ability, it creates new market opportunity. Meanwhile, the technological change that technological innovation causes plays a great important role in economic growth and the improvement of the competition of country (or area).
Liaoning province is one of the old industrial bases in our country where Large-and-medium-scale industrial enterprises are quite located. For many years, It was affected by the planed economy and most of its Large-and-medium-scale industrial enterprises lacked independent technology of intellectual property, thus imitation and introduction abroad became the main source of technologies. Management mode is production oriented focusing on the quality of products, which resulted in the inferior competitive power and economy development has been seriously lagged in the end. Faced with the challenge from the domestic and foreign enterprises, Our Large-and-medium-scale industrial enterprises' technological innovation ability and the innovative activities already became the development power and the fountainhead of our enterprises. Under this situation, how to understand objectively the present situation of technological innovation ability and find the question in the technological innovation process of Liaoning Large-and-medium-scale industrial enterprises, and aims at the question to propose the corresponding solution and countermeasure, already became the determining factor which is in an impregnable position in steep competition's market environment of Large-and-medium-scale industrial enterprises.
On the base of the studies of the technological innovation theories at home and abroad, according to the technological innovation the process theory and aims at the characteristic of technological innovation ability, this thesis has constructed the enterprise technological innovation ability evaluating index system. Afterward, according to the index system of the technological innovation measure, using the method of statistics and questionnaire investigation, through the vertical contrast of absolute indexes and horizontal contrast of relative indexes, we gained a clear idea of basic situation of technological innovation of large-and-medium-scale industrial enterprises in Liaoning.
On the basis of the analysis of the present situation of technological innovation of large-and-medium-scale industrial enterprises in Liaoning, this thesis points out the main problems in the process of technological innovation. We provide some relative countermeasures for perfecting the enterprises technological innovation mechanism and increasing the enterprises technological innovation motility for the existing problems, and all are supposed to be references for decisions for the large-and-medium-scale enterprises in Liaoning and related government departments.
引文
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[2]傅家骥.技术创新学.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[3]张建华.创新、激励与经济发展.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,2000.
[4]约瑟夫·熊彼特.经济发展理论.北京:商务印书馆,1990.
[5]范·杜冈.经济长波与创新.上海:上海译文出版社,1993.
[6]Tournatghy L and M Fleishar.The Process of Technological Innovation.Lexington Books,1990.
[7]Frohman,Alan L.personal initiative sparks innovation.Technology management,1999,42(3):61-72.
[8]高建.中国企业技术创新分析.北京:清华大学出版社,1997.
[9]邵云飞,唐小我,陈光.我国技术创新研究综述科技创新.黑龙江社会科学,2001,25(1):48-52.
[10]柳卸林.技术创新经济学.北京:中国经济出版社,1993.
[11]傅家骥.技术创新-中国企业发展之路.北京:企业管理出版社,1992.
[12]孙立平.东北振兴:面向下一代的发展.世界经济论坛,2004:75-99.
[13]王建,徐永德,王殿龙.企业创新的理论与实务.北京:新华出版社,2000.
[14]杨东奇.对技术创新概念的理解与研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2000,10(6):13-15.
[15]卢显文,郑刚.企业技术创新过程的发展演进及启示.大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2004,9(3):37-41.
[16]V.Chiesa,P.Coughlan,C.Voss.Development of a Technical Innovation Audit.Journal of Product Innovation Management,1996(13):321-333.
[17]顾新一,朱祖平,陈劲.企业技术创新研究.杭州:浙江大学出版社,1997.
[18]Freeman Christopher.The Economics of Industrial Innovation.London:Penguin Modern Economic Texts,1974.
[19]郑崇达.试论技术创新的动力机制、系统结构与调控方式.中科院沈阳分院科学与科学技术管理,1994,15(1).
[20]加强引导振兴东北老工业基地.新华网 辽宁频道,2003.
[21]宋丹,黄进.技术创新是提高国有大中型企业市场竞争力的有效途径.科技进步与对策,2000,17(5).
[22]武珂.企业技术创新能力浅析.纺织器材,2001(9):280-282.
[23]魏江.提高企业技术创新能力的支持系统研究.科学进步与对策,2000(9):49-50.
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[28]张学胜.深化科技体制改革,提高科技创新能力.江苏农业科学,2002(3):118-121.
[29]陈伟.创新管理.北京:科学出版社,1998.
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[31]吴运建,吴健中.企业技术创新能力测度综述.科学与科学技术管理,1995(10):71-72.
[32]曲国禹,刘学铭.对建立企业技术创新能力评价指标体系的探讨.辽宁工学院学报,1999(1):79-82.
[33]杨宏进.企业技术创新能力评价指标的实证分析.统计研究,1998(1):53-58.
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[35]严命有,陈军昌.企业技术创新的评价指标体系.江西社会科学,2003(1):123-126.
[36]史晓燕.企业技术创新能力指标体系设置及综合评价.陕西经贸学院,1999(4):27-30.
[37]胡恩华.企业技术创新能力指标体系的构建与综合评价.科研管理,2001(7):79-84.
[38]远德玉.企业技术创新能力的综合评价和动态分析方法.科学管理研究,1994(4):50-52.
[39]李彦坡.多层模糊综合评判在企业技术创新能力评价中的应用.现代生产与管理技术,2006(2):15-18.
[40]张国政,杨瑞海,梅志敏.技术创新能力评价指标体系及其模糊评判方法.科技进步与对策,2002(5):125-126.
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[56]中国科技创新网http://www.zgkjcx.com/
[57]中国技术创新网http://www.ctiin.com.cn/index.htm
[58]辽宁科技信息网http://www.lninfo.gov.cn/
[59]中国技术创新辽宁网http://www.lninfo.com
[2]傅家骥.技术创新学.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[3]张建华.创新、激励与经济发展.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,2000.
[4]约瑟夫·熊彼特.经济发展理论.北京:商务印书馆,1990.
[5]范·杜冈.经济长波与创新.上海:上海译文出版社,1993.
[6]Tournatghy L and M Fleishar.The Process of Technological Innovation.Lexington Books,1990.
[7]Frohman,Alan L.personal initiative sparks innovation.Technology management,1999,42(3):61-72.
[8]高建.中国企业技术创新分析.北京:清华大学出版社,1997.
[9]邵云飞,唐小我,陈光.我国技术创新研究综述科技创新.黑龙江社会科学,2001,25(1):48-52.
[10]柳卸林.技术创新经济学.北京:中国经济出版社,1993.
[11]傅家骥.技术创新-中国企业发展之路.北京:企业管理出版社,1992.
[12]孙立平.东北振兴:面向下一代的发展.世界经济论坛,2004:75-99.
[13]王建,徐永德,王殿龙.企业创新的理论与实务.北京:新华出版社,2000.
[14]杨东奇.对技术创新概念的理解与研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2000,10(6):13-15.
[15]卢显文,郑刚.企业技术创新过程的发展演进及启示.大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2004,9(3):37-41.
[16]V.Chiesa,P.Coughlan,C.Voss.Development of a Technical Innovation Audit.Journal of Product Innovation Management,1996(13):321-333.
[17]顾新一,朱祖平,陈劲.企业技术创新研究.杭州:浙江大学出版社,1997.
[18]Freeman Christopher.The Economics of Industrial Innovation.London:Penguin Modern Economic Texts,1974.
[19]郑崇达.试论技术创新的动力机制、系统结构与调控方式.中科院沈阳分院科学与科学技术管理,1994,15(1).
[20]加强引导振兴东北老工业基地.新华网 辽宁频道,2003.
[21]宋丹,黄进.技术创新是提高国有大中型企业市场竞争力的有效途径.科技进步与对策,2000,17(5).
[22]武珂.企业技术创新能力浅析.纺织器材,2001(9):280-282.
[23]魏江.提高企业技术创新能力的支持系统研究.科学进步与对策,2000(9):49-50.
[24]胡荣华,刘光平.企业技术创新能力综合分析.南京社会科学,2002(增刊):31-32.
[25]Eric Von Hippel.The Sources of Innovation.Oxford University Press,1988.
[26]韩慧玲.我国企业技术创新能力探析.改革与实践,2002,16(3):67-70.
[27]郑勇,史毅.企业技术创新能力综合评价.新疆财经学院学报,2002(2):96-99.
[28]张学胜.深化科技体制改革,提高科技创新能力.江苏农业科学,2002(3):118-121.
[29]陈伟.创新管理.北京:科学出版社,1998.
[30]阎军印,高伶,张研.企业技术创新能力研究.地质技术经济,2001(2):45-46.
[31]吴运建,吴健中.企业技术创新能力测度综述.科学与科学技术管理,1995(10):71-72.
[32]曲国禹,刘学铭.对建立企业技术创新能力评价指标体系的探讨.辽宁工学院学报,1999(1):79-82.
[33]杨宏进.企业技术创新能力评价指标的实证分析.统计研究,1998(1):53-58.
[34]王振拴,袁绪忠.煤炭企业技术创新评价指标体系研究.技术与经济,1999(6):2-3.
[35]严命有,陈军昌.企业技术创新的评价指标体系.江西社会科学,2003(1):123-126.
[36]史晓燕.企业技术创新能力指标体系设置及综合评价.陕西经贸学院,1999(4):27-30.
[37]胡恩华.企业技术创新能力指标体系的构建与综合评价.科研管理,2001(7):79-84.
[38]远德玉.企业技术创新能力的综合评价和动态分析方法.科学管理研究,1994(4):50-52.
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