地源热泵相变蓄能地板采暖系统性能研究
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摘要
将以电力驱动、以浅层地热资源合理利用的地源热泵与相变蓄能技术相结合,不但能有效提高能量转换效率,而且能充分利用夜间低谷电,移峰填谷,既实现能源需求侧节能节资,也能实现能源供应侧的节能,降低电力投资,是一种高效节能环保的采暖热源方式。本文在总结以往国内外研究成果的基础上,研究地源热泵相变蓄能地板采暖系统的应用原理和节能效果,探讨其联合运行控制策略,其研究内容主要包括：
1.在总结归纳相变材料的基础上,选择出合适的相变材料——定形相变材料,针对相变传热的特点,利用传热学理论,建立各求解模型的数学方程。
2.与地源热泵相匹配的相变材料与地板基体材料复合工艺研究,建立地源热泵低温热水相变蓄能地板采暖模型,采用焓法数值模拟在不同的相变温度、相变潜热、相变半径、管内水流速、供回水温差、室内设计温度及管间距条件下相变材料的蓄热时间、地板层内不同点不同时刻的温度值。
3.采用正交设计试验分析方法,对模拟结果分析,找出其主要影响因素及各因素的最优水平,选择出系统较优方案,此方案相变蓄热时间正好满足8小时谷价电时段,且相变终了时地板表面温度在27℃以上,满足人体热舒适需要。以时间为控制结束点,对此方案进行放热模拟,放热15小时后,地板表面平均温度维持在22.1℃左右,且分布也较为均匀。
4.对三种供暖系统热源方案从能源、经济、工程等角度进行热经济工程模糊分析,得出地源热泵提供低温热水为最佳方案。
5.开展冬季地源热泵间歇运行实验研究,对原始地温检测表明地源热泵可满足不同季节、不同运行条件下的实验要求。同时分析了间歇运行条件下,室内外温度、各井温度、单位井深换热量及供热性能系数的变化规律。指出间歇运行对土壤温度场的恢复是十分有利的,实验阶段单位井深吸热量23.78W/m,热泵机组平均循环性能系数为4.64；热泵系统平均循环性能系数为2.2。
The GSHP using geothermal energy combined with PCM storage technology not only can effectively increase energy conversion efficiency, but also can fully using off-peak electricity and shift peak load. So saving energy and cost is realized at energy demand side; at energy supply side, it is also saving energy and decreasing electric investment. Based on summarizing the study at home and abroad, the application theory and energy saving effect of GSHP radiant floor heating with PCM are studied; the running control strategy is also researched. The research content in this paper mainly includes:
1. Based on the summarized kinds of PCM, shape-stabilized PCM is optimal. According to the character of heat transfer with PCM, using heat transfer theory, mathematical equation is built.
2. The coupled process of GSHP and PCM with floor board. The model of low temperature water (supplied by GSHP) radiant floor heating with PCM is built. Using enthalpy method, thermal storage time, temperature in various time and point are numerical simulated at the condition of different of PCM temperature, latent heat, PCM radius, velocity, temperature difference, indoor design temperature and pipe pitch.
3. Using orthogonal analysis method to analyze the simulation result, the main effect factor and the best level were found, the best or better scheme also chosen. The chosen scheme is just satisfying the time in 8 hours valley electricity, floor surface temperature above 27℃after phase changing. Then the control point with time, after the 15 hours simulation, the mean temperature of floor surface is around 22.1℃,the distribution is very uniform.
4. Through the fuzzy analysis on heat economic engineering of three heating systems from energy enviroment, economic environment and engineering enviroment, it is carried out that the GSHP system supplying low temperature is the optimum.
5. Carrying out the experimental study of GSHP intermitted running. From initial ground temperature detection, GSHP can satisfy the needs in various seasons and various running conditions. Simultaneously indoor and outdoor temperature, every well temperature, heat exchange amount per well depth and COP are analyzed, carried out GSHP intermitted running is helpful to the recovery of ground temperature. In experiment time, heat exchange amount per well depth is 23.78W/m. The COP of the heat pump unit is 4.64 and the heat pump system is 2.2.
1.在总结归纳相变材料的基础上,选择出合适的相变材料——定形相变材料,针对相变传热的特点,利用传热学理论,建立各求解模型的数学方程。
2.与地源热泵相匹配的相变材料与地板基体材料复合工艺研究,建立地源热泵低温热水相变蓄能地板采暖模型,采用焓法数值模拟在不同的相变温度、相变潜热、相变半径、管内水流速、供回水温差、室内设计温度及管间距条件下相变材料的蓄热时间、地板层内不同点不同时刻的温度值。
3.采用正交设计试验分析方法,对模拟结果分析,找出其主要影响因素及各因素的最优水平,选择出系统较优方案,此方案相变蓄热时间正好满足8小时谷价电时段,且相变终了时地板表面温度在27℃以上,满足人体热舒适需要。以时间为控制结束点,对此方案进行放热模拟,放热15小时后,地板表面平均温度维持在22.1℃左右,且分布也较为均匀。
4.对三种供暖系统热源方案从能源、经济、工程等角度进行热经济工程模糊分析,得出地源热泵提供低温热水为最佳方案。
5.开展冬季地源热泵间歇运行实验研究,对原始地温检测表明地源热泵可满足不同季节、不同运行条件下的实验要求。同时分析了间歇运行条件下,室内外温度、各井温度、单位井深换热量及供热性能系数的变化规律。指出间歇运行对土壤温度场的恢复是十分有利的,实验阶段单位井深吸热量23.78W/m,热泵机组平均循环性能系数为4.64；热泵系统平均循环性能系数为2.2。
The GSHP using geothermal energy combined with PCM storage technology not only can effectively increase energy conversion efficiency, but also can fully using off-peak electricity and shift peak load. So saving energy and cost is realized at energy demand side; at energy supply side, it is also saving energy and decreasing electric investment. Based on summarizing the study at home and abroad, the application theory and energy saving effect of GSHP radiant floor heating with PCM are studied; the running control strategy is also researched. The research content in this paper mainly includes:
1. Based on the summarized kinds of PCM, shape-stabilized PCM is optimal. According to the character of heat transfer with PCM, using heat transfer theory, mathematical equation is built.
2. The coupled process of GSHP and PCM with floor board. The model of low temperature water (supplied by GSHP) radiant floor heating with PCM is built. Using enthalpy method, thermal storage time, temperature in various time and point are numerical simulated at the condition of different of PCM temperature, latent heat, PCM radius, velocity, temperature difference, indoor design temperature and pipe pitch.
3. Using orthogonal analysis method to analyze the simulation result, the main effect factor and the best level were found, the best or better scheme also chosen. The chosen scheme is just satisfying the time in 8 hours valley electricity, floor surface temperature above 27℃after phase changing. Then the control point with time, after the 15 hours simulation, the mean temperature of floor surface is around 22.1℃,the distribution is very uniform.
4. Through the fuzzy analysis on heat economic engineering of three heating systems from energy enviroment, economic environment and engineering enviroment, it is carried out that the GSHP system supplying low temperature is the optimum.
5. Carrying out the experimental study of GSHP intermitted running. From initial ground temperature detection, GSHP can satisfy the needs in various seasons and various running conditions. Simultaneously indoor and outdoor temperature, every well temperature, heat exchange amount per well depth and COP are analyzed, carried out GSHP intermitted running is helpful to the recovery of ground temperature. In experiment time, heat exchange amount per well depth is 23.78W/m. The COP of the heat pump unit is 4.64 and the heat pump system is 2.2.
引文
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