电化学技术在处理油田采出水中的应用研究
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摘要
随着原油开发的进程,我国的油田大多已到了开采的中后期,油田开采加工过程中产生的油田污水也日益增多,如不加以治理,不但会污染生态环境,还会影响注水开发油田的水平,使油田不能正常运转。对油田污水处理并回注使用,是油田开发和解决水资源短缺的正确途径。从保护环境和合理利用资源的角度出发,如何经济、有效地处理油田污水,是目前油田良性循环发展的关键和研究重点。
目前,国内外各大油田正在寻求有效的污水处理技术。与其他的污水处理方法相比,电化学方法因其不需要添加药剂,避免了二次污染问题,通过控制电位,可使电极反应具有高度的选择性,处理效果好等优点,开始受到人们的重视。
本研究采用热分解法制备钛基二氧化钌电极,采用热丝化学气相沉积法(HFCVD)在钽基底上沉积掺硼金刚石薄膜电极。综合考虑电化学污水处理对电极性能的要求,分析了目前常见的几类电极,并将钛基二氧化钌电极与掺硼金刚石薄膜电极进行实验对比,最终选取钛基二氧化钌电极为电化学实验的阳极。
本文以油田采出水为研究对象,采用电化学氧化法处理油田污水,研究了电解时间、电流密度及电极间距对铁去除率的影响;并对其工作参数进行优化,以提高处理效率。实验结果表明,电化学氧化法除铁具有很好的氧化能力和处理效果。
对油田采出水进行电解除油实验,考察其除油效果。电化学工艺在不投加药剂的条件下,具有较好的除油效果;与此同时可以在进行油田污水处理的时候,从中分离出石油,不但经济环保,而且还具有巨大的社会和经济效益。
采用电解阳极催化氧化技术处理石油污水,研究试样COD去除率。实验结果表明,该法具有较强的氧化降解能力,工作过程中电极自身不溶解,对水体无二次污染,COD去除效果明显。
利用钛基二氧化钌电极对采油废水进行电解杀菌,通过测试,说明不但杀菌效果可靠,并且还有持续杀菌作用。
With the oil extraction, many oilfields have entered the mid or late mining, more and more oilfield wastewater emits in the process of oilfield development and production. Without Governance, it will not only impact the ecological environment, but also decrease the level of oilfield development, so that oilfield can’t operate normally. Oilfield wastewater treatment and re-injection is the right way to develop the oilfield and make good use of the water resource. For environmental protection and conserving resource considerations, how to economically and effectively deal with oilfield wastewater is the key to sustainable development of oilfield and research focus.
At present, domestic and international oilfields are looking for effective wastewater treatment technologies. Compared to other wastewater treatment technologies, electrochemical technology doesn’t need to add the additive, so that it avoids secondary pollution problems; by controlling the potential, electrode reaction can be highly selective, and has good treatment effect, so it attracts people's attention.
In this study, we prepared Ti/RuO_2 electrode by thermal decomposition and deposited boron-doped diamond(BDD) thin film electrode by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) on tantalum substrate. Comprehensively consider the requirements of electrochemical wastewater treatment to the electrode performance, analysing the current common types of electrodes, and compared Ti/RuO_2 electrode with boron-doped diamond thin film electrode by experiment and ultimately select Ti/RuO_2 electrode for the electrochemical experiment anode.
In this thesis, taking oilfield produced water as the research object, using electrochemical oxidation method to treat oil wastewater to study the electrolysis time, current density and electrode distance on the impact of iron removal; and optimized operating parameters to improve the treatment efficiency. The experiment results show that the electrochemical oxidation of iron has good oxidation ability and treatment effect.
Using the electrolysis technology to treat the oilfield produced water and study the effectiveness of oil removal. Even if without dosing pharmacy, the electrochemical technology also has certain effect of oil removal; at the same time, we can extract oil by treating the oilfield wastewater. It is not only good to environment, but also has enormous social and economic benefits.
Using electrochemical oxidation technology to treat oilfield produced water, research COD removal. Experimental results show that this method has strong capacity of oxidative degradation, in the reaction process eletrode isn’t dissolved in the water and without secondary pollution. The effect of COD removal is clear.
Using Ti/RuO_2 anode to treat oilfield produced water by electrolysis technology to sterilize bacteria, through the residual chlorine test found that this method doesn’t only have reliable sterilization effect, but also has continuous sterilization action.
目前,国内外各大油田正在寻求有效的污水处理技术。与其他的污水处理方法相比,电化学方法因其不需要添加药剂,避免了二次污染问题,通过控制电位,可使电极反应具有高度的选择性,处理效果好等优点,开始受到人们的重视。
本研究采用热分解法制备钛基二氧化钌电极,采用热丝化学气相沉积法(HFCVD)在钽基底上沉积掺硼金刚石薄膜电极。综合考虑电化学污水处理对电极性能的要求,分析了目前常见的几类电极,并将钛基二氧化钌电极与掺硼金刚石薄膜电极进行实验对比,最终选取钛基二氧化钌电极为电化学实验的阳极。
本文以油田采出水为研究对象,采用电化学氧化法处理油田污水,研究了电解时间、电流密度及电极间距对铁去除率的影响;并对其工作参数进行优化,以提高处理效率。实验结果表明,电化学氧化法除铁具有很好的氧化能力和处理效果。
对油田采出水进行电解除油实验,考察其除油效果。电化学工艺在不投加药剂的条件下,具有较好的除油效果;与此同时可以在进行油田污水处理的时候,从中分离出石油,不但经济环保,而且还具有巨大的社会和经济效益。
采用电解阳极催化氧化技术处理石油污水,研究试样COD去除率。实验结果表明,该法具有较强的氧化降解能力,工作过程中电极自身不溶解,对水体无二次污染,COD去除效果明显。
利用钛基二氧化钌电极对采油废水进行电解杀菌,通过测试,说明不但杀菌效果可靠,并且还有持续杀菌作用。
With the oil extraction, many oilfields have entered the mid or late mining, more and more oilfield wastewater emits in the process of oilfield development and production. Without Governance, it will not only impact the ecological environment, but also decrease the level of oilfield development, so that oilfield can’t operate normally. Oilfield wastewater treatment and re-injection is the right way to develop the oilfield and make good use of the water resource. For environmental protection and conserving resource considerations, how to economically and effectively deal with oilfield wastewater is the key to sustainable development of oilfield and research focus.
At present, domestic and international oilfields are looking for effective wastewater treatment technologies. Compared to other wastewater treatment technologies, electrochemical technology doesn’t need to add the additive, so that it avoids secondary pollution problems; by controlling the potential, electrode reaction can be highly selective, and has good treatment effect, so it attracts people's attention.
In this study, we prepared Ti/RuO_2 electrode by thermal decomposition and deposited boron-doped diamond(BDD) thin film electrode by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) on tantalum substrate. Comprehensively consider the requirements of electrochemical wastewater treatment to the electrode performance, analysing the current common types of electrodes, and compared Ti/RuO_2 electrode with boron-doped diamond thin film electrode by experiment and ultimately select Ti/RuO_2 electrode for the electrochemical experiment anode.
In this thesis, taking oilfield produced water as the research object, using electrochemical oxidation method to treat oil wastewater to study the electrolysis time, current density and electrode distance on the impact of iron removal; and optimized operating parameters to improve the treatment efficiency. The experiment results show that the electrochemical oxidation of iron has good oxidation ability and treatment effect.
Using the electrolysis technology to treat the oilfield produced water and study the effectiveness of oil removal. Even if without dosing pharmacy, the electrochemical technology also has certain effect of oil removal; at the same time, we can extract oil by treating the oilfield wastewater. It is not only good to environment, but also has enormous social and economic benefits.
Using electrochemical oxidation technology to treat oilfield produced water, research COD removal. Experimental results show that this method has strong capacity of oxidative degradation, in the reaction process eletrode isn’t dissolved in the water and without secondary pollution. The effect of COD removal is clear.
Using Ti/RuO_2 anode to treat oilfield produced water by electrolysis technology to sterilize bacteria, through the residual chlorine test found that this method doesn’t only have reliable sterilization effect, but also has continuous sterilization action.
引文
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[2] Brillas.E.,Sauleda R. Degradation of 4-chlorophenol by anodic oxidation,electro-Fenton, photoelectro-Fenton and peroxicoagulation processes[J]. Electrochem.Soc,1998,145:759- 765.
[3] Robertson,P.M., Gnehm,W.,Ponto,L. High efficiency hypochlorite generation[J]. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry,1983,13(3):307-315.
[4] Drogui,P.,Elmaleh S. Hydrogen peroxide production by water electrolysis:Application to disinfection[J]. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry,2001,31(8):877-882.
[5]刘斌,王大为.油田废水处理及回注工程的研究和展望[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(2):189-192.
[6]邹决贤,陆正禹.油田废水处理综述[J].工业水处理,2001,21(8):1-3.
[7]冈秦麟.论我国的三次采油技术[J].油气收率技术,1998,5(4):1-7.
[8] Ali S. A.,Henry L. R.,Darlington J. W.,et al. New filtration process cuts contaminants from offshore produced water[J]. Oil and Gas Journal,1998,96(44):73-78.
[9]北京市环境技术与设备研究中心等.三废处理工程技术手册—废水卷[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000,178-186.
[10]国家环境保护局.石油石化工业废水治理[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992.
[11]马文成,易绍金.石油开发中污水的环境危害[J].石油与开然气化工,1997,26(2),125-127.
[12] Reis R.C. An overview of the environmental issues facing the upstream petroleum industry[J].SPE 26336, 1993.
[13]郭维璋.油田采出水组分及其对环境的影响[J].油气田环境保护,1994,4(4):56-58. [l4] Joyce E. The development and evaluation of electrolysis in conjunction with power ultrasound for the disinfection of bacterial suspensions[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2003,10(4-5):231-234.
[15]桑义敏,李发生,何绪文,等.含油废水性质及其处理技术[J].化工环保,2004,24(增刊):94-97. [l6]李发永,等.含油污水的超滤法处理[J].水处理技术,1995,2l(3):145-148.
[17]丁永寿.精细过滤技术在吐哈油田的应用[J].华北石油设计,1997(4):8-12,17.
[18]李书光,刘冰,胡松青.超声波处理石油污水的实验研究[J].石油学报(石油加工),2003,19(3):99-102.
[19]李晶晶,唐晓东.超声波在石油加工中的应用进展[J].化工技术与开发,2005,34(2):22-25.
[20] Samdani G,Gilges K. Electrosynthesis:positivelycharged[J]. Chemical Engineering, 1991,98(5):37-51.
[21] Wang J,Feng Y J. Progress in electro-catalyzed electrodes and application of electrochemical technology in wastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Natural Science of Heilongjiang University,2004,21(1):126-131.
[22] Allen.J.B,Lorry.R.F. Principle and Application of electrochemical technology[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry Publication Center, 2005.
[23] Naumczyk,J. Electrochemical treatment of textile wastewater[J]. Water Science and Technology,1996,34(11):17-24.
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