热电联产小型12MW机组在运行中的节能研究
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摘要
在我国的现有的2000多家热电企业中,容量在50MW以下的机组占到了85%以上。小型机组容量低,参数小,如果实际运行不合理,将会造成煤耗的大幅度升高。因此研究小型机组的节能,挖掘小型机组的节能潜力,对于我国热电联产的节能事业有着重大的意义。
本课题主要对山东地区某热电厂进行实地调研,针对热电厂的小型12MW机组本身及供热机组与热用户的配合等方面的节能途径进行研究。首先对热电厂12MW抽凝机组的回热系统进行耗差分析。通过对12MW机组的额定工况及给水温度变化时的各工况的常规热平衡计算和对低压加热器进行的等效焓降分析,得出回热系统给水温度变化和低压加热器凝结水温升对机组煤耗的影响。通过对回热系统的循环函数分析,得出C12机组的回热最佳焓升分配。其次推导和分析得到C12-4.9/0.981机组的节能条件,以及发展热电厂抽汽供吸收式制冷机的系统的节能条件。最后分析了热电厂供汽参数高于采暖热用户与工业热用户要求的用汽参数时,给热电厂热经济性带来的影响,并提出了热电厂在与热用户的工况配合方面应作出的方案调整。
应用该研究成果将降低运行不尽合理的小型供热机组的标煤耗率,提高热电厂的热经济性,提高热电企业的经济效益。该研究成果将做为热电厂运行中调整机组工况的理论依据。
In our country,there are more than 2000 thermal power enterprise, and the capacity of the unit under 50MW in accounted for 85%.The capacity of small unit is low, if the operation of unit is unreasonable, the coal consumption will be greatly increased. So the research on small units’energy saving have great significance for the potential of energy saving of our country.
This subject is mainly about a investigation of a thermal power plant in shandong province, and research the small 12MW unit itself and heating-power cooperation for the energy saving. First, the subject analyzed the regenerative system for its coal consumption. Through the analysis of high-pressure heater and low-pressure heater ,this subject draw the influence of the units’deviation. Secondly, this subject derivate the condition of energy saving for C12-4.9/0.981 and thermal-power-cooling system. Finally, this subject analyze influence of the matching of the supplied steam parameters and the users’request parameters for the thermal power plant, and proposed the improved measures for energy saving.
Appling the results will reduce the energy consumption of the thermal power plant whose running manners is not reasonable, and improve the economic benefits of the thermal power enterprise. The results can be the basis of the adjusting of the thermal power plant.
本课题主要对山东地区某热电厂进行实地调研,针对热电厂的小型12MW机组本身及供热机组与热用户的配合等方面的节能途径进行研究。首先对热电厂12MW抽凝机组的回热系统进行耗差分析。通过对12MW机组的额定工况及给水温度变化时的各工况的常规热平衡计算和对低压加热器进行的等效焓降分析,得出回热系统给水温度变化和低压加热器凝结水温升对机组煤耗的影响。通过对回热系统的循环函数分析,得出C12机组的回热最佳焓升分配。其次推导和分析得到C12-4.9/0.981机组的节能条件,以及发展热电厂抽汽供吸收式制冷机的系统的节能条件。最后分析了热电厂供汽参数高于采暖热用户与工业热用户要求的用汽参数时,给热电厂热经济性带来的影响,并提出了热电厂在与热用户的工况配合方面应作出的方案调整。
应用该研究成果将降低运行不尽合理的小型供热机组的标煤耗率,提高热电厂的热经济性,提高热电企业的经济效益。该研究成果将做为热电厂运行中调整机组工况的理论依据。
In our country,there are more than 2000 thermal power enterprise, and the capacity of the unit under 50MW in accounted for 85%.The capacity of small unit is low, if the operation of unit is unreasonable, the coal consumption will be greatly increased. So the research on small units’energy saving have great significance for the potential of energy saving of our country.
This subject is mainly about a investigation of a thermal power plant in shandong province, and research the small 12MW unit itself and heating-power cooperation for the energy saving. First, the subject analyzed the regenerative system for its coal consumption. Through the analysis of high-pressure heater and low-pressure heater ,this subject draw the influence of the units’deviation. Secondly, this subject derivate the condition of energy saving for C12-4.9/0.981 and thermal-power-cooling system. Finally, this subject analyze influence of the matching of the supplied steam parameters and the users’request parameters for the thermal power plant, and proposed the improved measures for energy saving.
Appling the results will reduce the energy consumption of the thermal power plant whose running manners is not reasonable, and improve the economic benefits of the thermal power enterprise. The results can be the basis of the adjusting of the thermal power plant.
引文
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3刘志平.我国热电联产发展现状及前景.中国能源. 1998,9: 6～10
4郭慧,杜琳琳,华偾.我国能源形势分析及其解决对策.广东化工. 2005,6: 1~3
5王传明.城市集中供热的现状与发展.滁州市职业技术学院学报. 2006,5(4): 45～51
6刘志真.热电联产.中国电力出版社. 2006:1～2
7 A. D. Peacockand, M. Newborough. Impact of Micro-CHP Systems on Domestic Sector CO2 Emissions. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2005,25(17): 2653～2676
8 Dolf Gielen, Chen Changhong. The CO2 Emission Reduction Benefits of Chinese Energy Policies and Environmental Policies: A Case Study for Shanghai, period 1995–2020. Ecological Economics. 2001,39(2): 257～270
9胡玉清,马先才.我国热电联产领域现状及发展方向.黑龙江电力. 2008,30(1): 79～80
10 JL Silveira, CE Tuna. Thermoeconomic Analysis Method for Optimization of Combined Heat and Power Systems. Part I. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 2003,29(6): 479～485
11米玉鸿.嘉峪关市热电联产供热现状及发展趋势探讨.酒钢科技.2007,第3~4期合刊: 27～30
12黄毅诚.强力发展热电联产—可以节约几亿吨的能源.中外能源. 2007,12(3): 8～9
13祝平.落实科学发展观积极发展热电联产. 2006,2: 4
14徐二树,宋之平,李恕康.热电联产的发展.电力情报. 2001,3: 8～10
15 C. Hendricks, K. Blok. Regulation for Combined Heat and Power in the European Union. Energy Conversion and Management. 1996,37: 729～734
16 Blok, Kornelis, Farla, Jacco. Continuing Story of CHP in the Netherlands. International Journal of Global Energy Issues. 1996,8(4): 349～361
17 Blok, Kornelis. The Development of Industrial CHP in the Netherlands. Energy Policy. 1993,21(2): 158～175
18荣幼澧.欧洲热电联产的现状与发展.华东电力. 1997,4: 46～48
19 Blok, Kornelis, J Farla. CO2 Emission Reduction by means of Industrial CHP in the Netherlands. Source. 1994,35(4): 317～340
20 G Streckien?, V Martinaitis, AN Andersen, J Katz. Feasibility of CHP-Plants with Thermal Stores in the German Spot Market. Applied Energy. 2009,86(11): 2308～2316
21马伯文.借鉴国外经验,推广热电联产联供.上海环境科学. 2000,19(11): 539～540
22 Paul L. Lemar. The Potential Impact of Policies to Promote Combined Heat and Power in US Industry. Energy Policy. 2001,29(14): 1243～1254
23郭雯.意大利热电联产现状:能源政策、法规及市场自由化的影响.研究与探讨. 2003,5: 22～24
24 Adam Hawkes, Matthew Leach. Impacts of Temporal Precision in Optimisation Modelling of Micro-combined Heat and Power. Energy. 2005,30(10): 1759～1779
25周怀春.热力系统节能.中国电力出版社. 2008:19
26李勤道,刘志真.热力发电厂热经济性计算分析.中国电力出版社. 2008:13
27王汝武.节能技术工程实例.2006.
28徐奇焕.低加温升不足的热经济性分析及计算.汽轮机技术. 2004,46(3):1～2
29高建军.,杨明月,薛胜利. 330MW机组低加温升低的分析处理.华东电力. 2003:1～2
30 Salisbury J K.Steam turbines and their cycles. New York:Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 1974
31郑体宽.热力发电厂.中国电力出版社. 2001.
32马芳礼.电厂热力系统节能分析原理—电厂蒸汽循环的函数与方法.水利电力出版社. 1992.
33李勇,黄萍力.汽轮机回热系统加热器给水焓升的最优分配.汽轮机技术. 2008,50(6):405
34张毅,陈志刚,黄萍力,李勇.汽轮机回热系统给水焓升优化分配方法对比分析.东北电力大学学报. 2008,28(4):53
35钟史明,陈效儒,刘龙海.界定热电联产节能指标的探讨.能源研究与利用. 2004:2
36朱成章.热电联产、冷热电联产和小型冷热电联产.节能与环保. 2001:2
37 J.BASSOLS. Trigeneration in the food industry [J]. Applied ThermalEngineering, 2002,(22): 595～602.
38武学素.热电联产.西安交通大学出版社.1988.
39孙玉庆,王建军,卢广才.背压机组替换减温减压器节能分析.区域供热. 2008(2):3～5
40黄锦涛.《降低凝汽/抽汽机组抽汽压力的节煤效果》.节能技术.1998.6
41戈志华,胡学伟,杨志平.能量梯级利用在热电联产中的应用.华北电力大学学报. 2010,37(1):68
42薛启春.热电联产中减温减压器高能耗分析及对策.中国井矿盐.2008,39:24
43王权,丁旭昌,刘聿拯.蒸汽喷射式热泵能效分析与评价准则.热能与动力工程. 1995,10(4):206
44徐海涛,桑芝富.蒸汽喷射器喷射系数计算的热力学模型.化工学报. 2004,55(5):705
45王权,向雄彪.蒸汽喷射压缩器喷射系数计算方法研究.太阳能学报.1997 18(3):315
46严俊杰,林万超,陈国慧,邢秦安.工业抽汽过热度利用的研究.动力工程. 1998,18(4):23
2王振铭.中国热电联产的总体状况与发展趋势.能源研究与信息. 1995,11(2): 44～51
3刘志平.我国热电联产发展现状及前景.中国能源. 1998,9: 6～10
4郭慧,杜琳琳,华偾.我国能源形势分析及其解决对策.广东化工. 2005,6: 1~3
5王传明.城市集中供热的现状与发展.滁州市职业技术学院学报. 2006,5(4): 45～51
6刘志真.热电联产.中国电力出版社. 2006:1～2
7 A. D. Peacockand, M. Newborough. Impact of Micro-CHP Systems on Domestic Sector CO2 Emissions. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2005,25(17): 2653～2676
8 Dolf Gielen, Chen Changhong. The CO2 Emission Reduction Benefits of Chinese Energy Policies and Environmental Policies: A Case Study for Shanghai, period 1995–2020. Ecological Economics. 2001,39(2): 257～270
9胡玉清,马先才.我国热电联产领域现状及发展方向.黑龙江电力. 2008,30(1): 79～80
10 JL Silveira, CE Tuna. Thermoeconomic Analysis Method for Optimization of Combined Heat and Power Systems. Part I. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 2003,29(6): 479～485
11米玉鸿.嘉峪关市热电联产供热现状及发展趋势探讨.酒钢科技.2007,第3~4期合刊: 27～30
12黄毅诚.强力发展热电联产—可以节约几亿吨的能源.中外能源. 2007,12(3): 8～9
13祝平.落实科学发展观积极发展热电联产. 2006,2: 4
14徐二树,宋之平,李恕康.热电联产的发展.电力情报. 2001,3: 8～10
15 C. Hendricks, K. Blok. Regulation for Combined Heat and Power in the European Union. Energy Conversion and Management. 1996,37: 729～734
16 Blok, Kornelis, Farla, Jacco. Continuing Story of CHP in the Netherlands. International Journal of Global Energy Issues. 1996,8(4): 349～361
17 Blok, Kornelis. The Development of Industrial CHP in the Netherlands. Energy Policy. 1993,21(2): 158～175
18荣幼澧.欧洲热电联产的现状与发展.华东电力. 1997,4: 46～48
19 Blok, Kornelis, J Farla. CO2 Emission Reduction by means of Industrial CHP in the Netherlands. Source. 1994,35(4): 317～340
20 G Streckien?, V Martinaitis, AN Andersen, J Katz. Feasibility of CHP-Plants with Thermal Stores in the German Spot Market. Applied Energy. 2009,86(11): 2308～2316
21马伯文.借鉴国外经验,推广热电联产联供.上海环境科学. 2000,19(11): 539～540
22 Paul L. Lemar. The Potential Impact of Policies to Promote Combined Heat and Power in US Industry. Energy Policy. 2001,29(14): 1243～1254
23郭雯.意大利热电联产现状:能源政策、法规及市场自由化的影响.研究与探讨. 2003,5: 22～24
24 Adam Hawkes, Matthew Leach. Impacts of Temporal Precision in Optimisation Modelling of Micro-combined Heat and Power. Energy. 2005,30(10): 1759～1779
25周怀春.热力系统节能.中国电力出版社. 2008:19
26李勤道,刘志真.热力发电厂热经济性计算分析.中国电力出版社. 2008:13
27王汝武.节能技术工程实例.2006.
28徐奇焕.低加温升不足的热经济性分析及计算.汽轮机技术. 2004,46(3):1～2
29高建军.,杨明月,薛胜利. 330MW机组低加温升低的分析处理.华东电力. 2003:1～2
30 Salisbury J K.Steam turbines and their cycles. New York:Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 1974
31郑体宽.热力发电厂.中国电力出版社. 2001.
32马芳礼.电厂热力系统节能分析原理—电厂蒸汽循环的函数与方法.水利电力出版社. 1992.
33李勇,黄萍力.汽轮机回热系统加热器给水焓升的最优分配.汽轮机技术. 2008,50(6):405
34张毅,陈志刚,黄萍力,李勇.汽轮机回热系统给水焓升优化分配方法对比分析.东北电力大学学报. 2008,28(4):53
35钟史明,陈效儒,刘龙海.界定热电联产节能指标的探讨.能源研究与利用. 2004:2
36朱成章.热电联产、冷热电联产和小型冷热电联产.节能与环保. 2001:2
37 J.BASSOLS. Trigeneration in the food industry [J]. Applied ThermalEngineering, 2002,(22): 595～602.
38武学素.热电联产.西安交通大学出版社.1988.
39孙玉庆,王建军,卢广才.背压机组替换减温减压器节能分析.区域供热. 2008(2):3～5
40黄锦涛.《降低凝汽/抽汽机组抽汽压力的节煤效果》.节能技术.1998.6
41戈志华,胡学伟,杨志平.能量梯级利用在热电联产中的应用.华北电力大学学报. 2010,37(1):68
42薛启春.热电联产中减温减压器高能耗分析及对策.中国井矿盐.2008,39:24
43王权,丁旭昌,刘聿拯.蒸汽喷射式热泵能效分析与评价准则.热能与动力工程. 1995,10(4):206
44徐海涛,桑芝富.蒸汽喷射器喷射系数计算的热力学模型.化工学报. 2004,55(5):705
45王权,向雄彪.蒸汽喷射压缩器喷射系数计算方法研究.太阳能学报.1997 18(3):315
46严俊杰,林万超,陈国慧,邢秦安.工业抽汽过热度利用的研究.动力工程. 1998,18(4):23