芳砜纶阻燃产品研究
摘要
随着人们生活水平的不断提高和安全防范意识的不断增强,纺织品的阻燃性能受到人们越来越多的关注。各国纷纷开展纺织品阻燃技术研究、阻燃新材料开发及推广,我国自20世纪50年代开始研究纺织品阻燃技术,于70年代自主研发出一种全新的阻燃纤维--芳砜纶纤维。芳砜纶纤维具有优异的耐热性、热稳定性和抗热氧化性能,但是它的体积比电阻和初始模量较高、摩擦因数小,卷曲稳定性较差,这些因素对纺纱、织造、染色等加工不利,也限制了芳砜纶纤维的应用。
本课题根据芳砜纶纤维的特点,采用环锭纺纱方法将其分别与高强涤纶纤维、阻燃粘胶纤维、阻燃涤纶纤维以不同比例进行混纺;采用赛罗菲尔纺纱方法将其分别与高强涤纶长丝、阻燃粘胶长丝、阻燃涤纶长丝进行复合,并选择不同纱线织制芳砜纶织物,研究芳砜纶纱线及织物的性能,在充分利用其优异的耐高温性能和阻燃性能的基础上,扩展了芳砜纶纤维的应用领域。
首先,纺制不同捻系数芳砜纶纯纺纱,不同混纺比芳砜纶/高强涤纶、芳砜纶/阻燃粘胶、芳砜纶/阻燃涤纶混纺纱,发现:芳砜纶纯纺纱断裂强力的临界捻系数为240左右;捻系数增加,纱线毛羽数量减少,断裂伸长率及条干不匀率变化不明显。芳砜纶/高强涤纶混纺纱中芳砜纶纤维断裂强力的临界混纺比为93.2%,高强涤纶比例增加,混纺纱断裂强力增加,断裂伸长率降低,条干不匀率及毛羽指数下降。芳砜纶/阻燃粘胶混纺纱中芳砜纶纤维断裂强力的临界混纺比为71.9%,阻燃粘胶比例增加,混纺纱断裂强力及断裂伸长率降低,条干和毛羽大大改善。芳砜纶/阻燃涤纶混纺纱中芳砜纶纤维断裂强力的临界混纺比为93%,阻燃涤纶比例增加,混纺纱强力及外观质量略有改善。
其次,采用赛罗菲尔纺纱方法将芳砜纶纤维与高强涤纶长丝、阻燃粘胶长丝、阻燃涤纶长丝进行复合纺纱,发现:芳砜纶赛罗菲尔纱比常规纱具有更高的强力,更低的条干不匀率及毛羽指数。当复合纱捻系数为330时综合性能较好,此时纱线强力较高,毛羽较少,条干较好。
再次,提出并验证纱线阻燃性能与其对应织物阻燃性能存在相关性。采用纱线阻燃性能测试方法测试不同纱线的阻燃性能,发现:芳砜纶/高强涤纶混纺纱中,高强涤纶比例增加,混纺纱阻燃性能下降,达到30%时,无法满足阻燃要求;芳砜纶/阻燃粘胶混纺纱不续燃,几乎不阴燃,损毁长度较短,随着阻燃粘胶比例增加,混纺纱阻燃性能略有下降;芳砜纶/阻燃涤纶混纺纱燃烧时,会产生蜡烛效应,严重影响纱线的阻燃性;芳砜纶/阻燃粘胶赛罗菲尔纱阻燃性优于环锭纱。
最后,选择综合性能较好的芳砜纶纱线,织制同种规格的方平织物,测试织物性能并与芳砜纶纯纺织物进行比较,发现:高强涤纶比例增加,芳砜纶/高强涤纶混纺织物撕破强力及顶破强力增加,阻燃性、透气性下降,抗起毛起球性有所改善;阻燃粘胶比例增加,芳砜纶/阻燃粘胶混纺织物撕破强力明显降低,阻燃性下降,透气性,抗起毛起球性明显改善;阻燃涤纶比例增加,芳砜纶/阻燃涤纶混纺织物撕破强力及顶破强力降低,阻燃性、透气性明显下降,抗起毛起球性略有改善。芳砜纶赛罗菲尔纱织物比环锭纱织物具有更高的撕破强力及顶破强力,更好的阻燃性能、透气性及抗起毛起球性。
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and sense of security,the flame-retardant fabric is payed more and more attention.Many countries are carrying out the technical studies of flame-retardant textiles and promoting the development of new materials. China started to study flame-retardant textile technology from the 1950s and developed a new flame-retardant fiber--polysulfonamide fiber in the 1970s. Polysulfonamide has excellent heat resistance,thermal stability and thermal oxidation,On the other hand,the fiber has high VSR(volume specific resistance) and initial modulus,instability of crimp and low friction coefficient of the fiber,which contribute to many troubles in its process of spinning,weaving and dyeing,and also limits the applications of polysulfonamide.
In this paper,according to the characteristics of polysulfonamide, polysulfonamide/high-strength polyester,polysulfonamide/flame-retardant viscose and polysulfonamide/flame-retardant polyester blended yarns and sirofil yarns were produced.Different polysulfonamide fabrics were woven. Properties of the yarns and fabrics were tested and discussed.The excellent high-temperature performance and flame-retardant properties of polysulfonamide were fully utilized and the applications were extended.
First of all,polysulfonamide pure yarn with different TM(twist multiplier),polysulfonamide/high-strength polyester,Polysulfonamide/ flame-retardant viscose and Polysulfonamide/flame-retardant polyester blended yarns with different blend ratio were produced.It can be concluded that the critical TM of breaking strength of polysulfonamide pure yarn is about 240.The increase of TM will cause a decrease of the yarn hairiness and a slight change of the unevenness and elongation.For polysulfonamide/high-strength polyester blended yarn,the breaking strength critical blending ratio of polysulfonamide is 93.2%.With the increase of high-strength polyester,the strength of the yarn will increase while the elongation,hairiness and unevenness decrease.For Polysulfonamide/flameretardant viscose blended yarn,the breaking strength critical blending ratio of polysulfonamide is 71.9%.The increase of flame-retardant viscose will result in an obvious reduction of yarn breaking strength and a significant improvement of yarn elongation,hairiness and unevenness.For Polysulfonamide/flame-retardant polyester blended yarn,the breaking strength critical blending ratio of polysulfonamide is 93%.With the increase of flame-retardant polyester,the yarn breaking strength and the quality of the appearance will improve slightly.
Second,polysulfonamide/high-strength polyester,Polysulfonamide/ flame-retardant viscose and Polysulfonamide/flame-retardant polyester sirofil yarns were produced.It can be concluded that sirofil composite yarn has higher breaking strength,lower elongation,unevenness and hairiness than ring spun yarn.When the TM reaches 330,the composite yarn gets higher strength,less hairiness and unevenness.
Third,the relevance between yarn flame-retardant property and its corresponding fabric flame-retardant property is tested and verified.Yarn flame-retardant property test method was adopted and flame-retardant property of the yarns was tested.It should be noted that for polysulfonamide/high-strength polyester blended yarn,with the increase of high-strength polyester,the yarn flame-retardant performance decreases and can not meet the flame-retardant requirements until it reaches 30%; Polysulfonamide/flame-retardant viscose blended yarn has neither flame continuous phenomenon nor flame spread phenomenon.The increase of flame-retardant viscose will cause a slight decrease in the yarn flame-retardant property.Blending flame-retardant polyester with polysulfonamide will cause candle effect and deteriorate yarn flame-retardant property severely.Polysulfonamide/flame-retardant viscose sirofil yarn has better flame-retardant property than ring spinning yarn because of the compact structure and less hairiness.
Finally,polysulfonamide fabrics with the same specification were woven and tested.It can be concluded that compared with polysulfonamide pure fabric,polysulfonamide/polyester blend fabric has higher tearing and bursting strength,lower flame-retardant and air permeability property and better anti-pilling property.Polysulfonamide/viscose blend fabric has an obvious tear-strength decrease,a drop of flame-retardant,a significant improvement of air permeability and anti-pilling property. Polysulfonamide/polyester blend fabric has a lower tearing and bursting strength,flame-retardant and air permeability property,but a slight improvement in anti-pilling.Sirofil yarn fabric has better performance of tearing and bursting strength,flame-retardant,air permeability and anti-pilling.
本课题根据芳砜纶纤维的特点,采用环锭纺纱方法将其分别与高强涤纶纤维、阻燃粘胶纤维、阻燃涤纶纤维以不同比例进行混纺;采用赛罗菲尔纺纱方法将其分别与高强涤纶长丝、阻燃粘胶长丝、阻燃涤纶长丝进行复合,并选择不同纱线织制芳砜纶织物,研究芳砜纶纱线及织物的性能,在充分利用其优异的耐高温性能和阻燃性能的基础上,扩展了芳砜纶纤维的应用领域。
首先,纺制不同捻系数芳砜纶纯纺纱,不同混纺比芳砜纶/高强涤纶、芳砜纶/阻燃粘胶、芳砜纶/阻燃涤纶混纺纱,发现:芳砜纶纯纺纱断裂强力的临界捻系数为240左右;捻系数增加,纱线毛羽数量减少,断裂伸长率及条干不匀率变化不明显。芳砜纶/高强涤纶混纺纱中芳砜纶纤维断裂强力的临界混纺比为93.2%,高强涤纶比例增加,混纺纱断裂强力增加,断裂伸长率降低,条干不匀率及毛羽指数下降。芳砜纶/阻燃粘胶混纺纱中芳砜纶纤维断裂强力的临界混纺比为71.9%,阻燃粘胶比例增加,混纺纱断裂强力及断裂伸长率降低,条干和毛羽大大改善。芳砜纶/阻燃涤纶混纺纱中芳砜纶纤维断裂强力的临界混纺比为93%,阻燃涤纶比例增加,混纺纱强力及外观质量略有改善。
其次,采用赛罗菲尔纺纱方法将芳砜纶纤维与高强涤纶长丝、阻燃粘胶长丝、阻燃涤纶长丝进行复合纺纱,发现:芳砜纶赛罗菲尔纱比常规纱具有更高的强力,更低的条干不匀率及毛羽指数。当复合纱捻系数为330时综合性能较好,此时纱线强力较高,毛羽较少,条干较好。
再次,提出并验证纱线阻燃性能与其对应织物阻燃性能存在相关性。采用纱线阻燃性能测试方法测试不同纱线的阻燃性能,发现:芳砜纶/高强涤纶混纺纱中,高强涤纶比例增加,混纺纱阻燃性能下降,达到30%时,无法满足阻燃要求;芳砜纶/阻燃粘胶混纺纱不续燃,几乎不阴燃,损毁长度较短,随着阻燃粘胶比例增加,混纺纱阻燃性能略有下降;芳砜纶/阻燃涤纶混纺纱燃烧时,会产生蜡烛效应,严重影响纱线的阻燃性;芳砜纶/阻燃粘胶赛罗菲尔纱阻燃性优于环锭纱。
最后,选择综合性能较好的芳砜纶纱线,织制同种规格的方平织物,测试织物性能并与芳砜纶纯纺织物进行比较,发现:高强涤纶比例增加,芳砜纶/高强涤纶混纺织物撕破强力及顶破强力增加,阻燃性、透气性下降,抗起毛起球性有所改善;阻燃粘胶比例增加,芳砜纶/阻燃粘胶混纺织物撕破强力明显降低,阻燃性下降,透气性,抗起毛起球性明显改善;阻燃涤纶比例增加,芳砜纶/阻燃涤纶混纺织物撕破强力及顶破强力降低,阻燃性、透气性明显下降,抗起毛起球性略有改善。芳砜纶赛罗菲尔纱织物比环锭纱织物具有更高的撕破强力及顶破强力,更好的阻燃性能、透气性及抗起毛起球性。
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and sense of security,the flame-retardant fabric is payed more and more attention.Many countries are carrying out the technical studies of flame-retardant textiles and promoting the development of new materials. China started to study flame-retardant textile technology from the 1950s and developed a new flame-retardant fiber--polysulfonamide fiber in the 1970s. Polysulfonamide has excellent heat resistance,thermal stability and thermal oxidation,On the other hand,the fiber has high VSR(volume specific resistance) and initial modulus,instability of crimp and low friction coefficient of the fiber,which contribute to many troubles in its process of spinning,weaving and dyeing,and also limits the applications of polysulfonamide.
In this paper,according to the characteristics of polysulfonamide, polysulfonamide/high-strength polyester,polysulfonamide/flame-retardant viscose and polysulfonamide/flame-retardant polyester blended yarns and sirofil yarns were produced.Different polysulfonamide fabrics were woven. Properties of the yarns and fabrics were tested and discussed.The excellent high-temperature performance and flame-retardant properties of polysulfonamide were fully utilized and the applications were extended.
First of all,polysulfonamide pure yarn with different TM(twist multiplier),polysulfonamide/high-strength polyester,Polysulfonamide/ flame-retardant viscose and Polysulfonamide/flame-retardant polyester blended yarns with different blend ratio were produced.It can be concluded that the critical TM of breaking strength of polysulfonamide pure yarn is about 240.The increase of TM will cause a decrease of the yarn hairiness and a slight change of the unevenness and elongation.For polysulfonamide/high-strength polyester blended yarn,the breaking strength critical blending ratio of polysulfonamide is 93.2%.With the increase of high-strength polyester,the strength of the yarn will increase while the elongation,hairiness and unevenness decrease.For Polysulfonamide/flameretardant viscose blended yarn,the breaking strength critical blending ratio of polysulfonamide is 71.9%.The increase of flame-retardant viscose will result in an obvious reduction of yarn breaking strength and a significant improvement of yarn elongation,hairiness and unevenness.For Polysulfonamide/flame-retardant polyester blended yarn,the breaking strength critical blending ratio of polysulfonamide is 93%.With the increase of flame-retardant polyester,the yarn breaking strength and the quality of the appearance will improve slightly.
Second,polysulfonamide/high-strength polyester,Polysulfonamide/ flame-retardant viscose and Polysulfonamide/flame-retardant polyester sirofil yarns were produced.It can be concluded that sirofil composite yarn has higher breaking strength,lower elongation,unevenness and hairiness than ring spun yarn.When the TM reaches 330,the composite yarn gets higher strength,less hairiness and unevenness.
Third,the relevance between yarn flame-retardant property and its corresponding fabric flame-retardant property is tested and verified.Yarn flame-retardant property test method was adopted and flame-retardant property of the yarns was tested.It should be noted that for polysulfonamide/high-strength polyester blended yarn,with the increase of high-strength polyester,the yarn flame-retardant performance decreases and can not meet the flame-retardant requirements until it reaches 30%; Polysulfonamide/flame-retardant viscose blended yarn has neither flame continuous phenomenon nor flame spread phenomenon.The increase of flame-retardant viscose will cause a slight decrease in the yarn flame-retardant property.Blending flame-retardant polyester with polysulfonamide will cause candle effect and deteriorate yarn flame-retardant property severely.Polysulfonamide/flame-retardant viscose sirofil yarn has better flame-retardant property than ring spinning yarn because of the compact structure and less hairiness.
Finally,polysulfonamide fabrics with the same specification were woven and tested.It can be concluded that compared with polysulfonamide pure fabric,polysulfonamide/polyester blend fabric has higher tearing and bursting strength,lower flame-retardant and air permeability property and better anti-pilling property.Polysulfonamide/viscose blend fabric has an obvious tear-strength decrease,a drop of flame-retardant,a significant improvement of air permeability and anti-pilling property. Polysulfonamide/polyester blend fabric has a lower tearing and bursting strength,flame-retardant and air permeability property,but a slight improvement in anti-pilling.Sirofil yarn fabric has better performance of tearing and bursting strength,flame-retardant,air permeability and anti-pilling.
引文
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