半潜式平台结构强度评估比较研究
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摘要
为确保半潜式平台结构的安全,对平台进行结构强度评估是十分有必要的,世界各主要船级社如挪威船级社(DNV),美国船级社(ABS),中国船级社(CCS)都颁布了自己的规范,通过一些初步的比较研究发现不同船级社所提供的方法之间存在较大的差别。本文根据各主要船级社(ABS、DNV、CCS)颁布的海洋平台建造与入级规范中关于半潜式平台的规定及其他文献和资料,以实际半潜式平台为例,对半潜式海洋平台强度评估过程的一些关键环节进行了较为详细的比较分析,主要研究内容如下：
1)研究了设计波法中确定性方法和随机性方法确定波浪参数的方法,对ABS、DNV、CCS三种规范中相关规定进行比较分析,并结合实例分析对比之间的差异。
2)对比有撑杆和无撑杆两种结构的半潜式平台,提取主要构件的应力进行比较,研究撑杆对平台主要构件的影响。
3)对ABS、DNV、CCS三种规范中规定的半潜式平台屈服、屈曲强度校核的准则和方法进行比较分析,并结合实际平台的整体强度校核,研究不同规范之间的差异。
4)介绍疲劳强度的评估原理和方法,运用基于谱分析的直接计算法对实际平台上的关键部位节点进行疲劳强度校核,并比较分析各规范之间的差异。
ABSTRACT
It is necessary to evaluate the structure strength of Semi-submersible platform in order to ensure its security. The main ship classification societies in the world, such as American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), Det Norske Veritas (DNV), China Classification Society (CCS), promulgate rules. Many differents are found through the preliminary study of comparing different methods provided by the classification societies. This thesis is to compare the pivotal steps in the analysis of structure strength carefully among the ABS, DNV, CCS rules. So the following problems are emphatically investigated.
1) The design wave method of determining the wave parameters which would be used in the calculation of wave load include the deterministic method and the stochastic method. Two ways will be studied. The ABS, DNV, CCS rules will be compared respectively.
2) The platform without brace will be compared with the original platform. The influence of the brace will be studied.
3) The principle and approach of yield and buckling strength for semi-submersible platform will be compared among the ABS, DNV, CCS rules. The differents of the rules will be studied through evaluating the Liuhua-FPS platform.
4) The theory and method of fatigue strength assessment will be discussed. The pivotal joints in the unit using direct computing method based on spectral analysis will be checked. The differents of the rules will be studied.
1)研究了设计波法中确定性方法和随机性方法确定波浪参数的方法,对ABS、DNV、CCS三种规范中相关规定进行比较分析,并结合实例分析对比之间的差异。
2)对比有撑杆和无撑杆两种结构的半潜式平台,提取主要构件的应力进行比较,研究撑杆对平台主要构件的影响。
3)对ABS、DNV、CCS三种规范中规定的半潜式平台屈服、屈曲强度校核的准则和方法进行比较分析,并结合实际平台的整体强度校核,研究不同规范之间的差异。
4)介绍疲劳强度的评估原理和方法,运用基于谱分析的直接计算法对实际平台上的关键部位节点进行疲劳强度校核,并比较分析各规范之间的差异。
ABSTRACT
It is necessary to evaluate the structure strength of Semi-submersible platform in order to ensure its security. The main ship classification societies in the world, such as American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), Det Norske Veritas (DNV), China Classification Society (CCS), promulgate rules. Many differents are found through the preliminary study of comparing different methods provided by the classification societies. This thesis is to compare the pivotal steps in the analysis of structure strength carefully among the ABS, DNV, CCS rules. So the following problems are emphatically investigated.
1) The design wave method of determining the wave parameters which would be used in the calculation of wave load include the deterministic method and the stochastic method. Two ways will be studied. The ABS, DNV, CCS rules will be compared respectively.
2) The platform without brace will be compared with the original platform. The influence of the brace will be studied.
3) The principle and approach of yield and buckling strength for semi-submersible platform will be compared among the ABS, DNV, CCS rules. The differents of the rules will be studied through evaluating the Liuhua-FPS platform.
4) The theory and method of fatigue strength assessment will be discussed. The pivotal joints in the unit using direct computing method based on spectral analysis will be checked. The differents of the rules will be studied.
引文
[1]聂武,刘玉秋.海洋工程结构动力分析；2002年：70页
[2]Torgeir Moan, The Alexander L. Kielland Accident, proc, The First Robert Bruce Wallace Lecturc, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, April,1981
[3]刘志刚,GM_Lift半潜式平台立柱的结构设计与强度分析研究,上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2006年12月：11页
[4]崔维成,蔡新刚,冷建兴,船舶结构疲劳强度校核研究现状及我国的进展。船舶力学,1998年8月第2卷第四期：63-80页
[5]马志良,罗德涛,近海移动式平台,北京：海洋出版社,1993
[6]李润培,王志农.海洋平台强度分析,上海：上海交通大学出版社,1992年10月第1版
[7]Det Norske Veritas, Environmental Conditions and Environmental Loads, March 2000
[8]李润培,谢永和,舒志,深海平台技术的研究现状与发展趋势,[J]中国海洋平台,2003年6月,第18卷第3期：1-6页
[9]刘海霞,深海半潜式钻井平台的发展,[J]船舶,2007年6月第3期：6-10页
[10]Dean, R.G., Relatively Validtues of Water Theories, Proceedings of ASCE Journal of the Waterways and Harbors Division, Vol.96 (1970), No.WW1.
[11]刘海霞,肖熙,半潜式平台结构强度分析中的波浪载荷计算,中国海洋平台,2003年4月,第18卷第2期：1-4页
[12]戴仰山,宋竞正等.船舶波浪载荷.2007
[13]望月重,小林浩.海洋建筑物的设计与实例,北京：海洋出版社,1983年2月第1版
[14]J.M.J. Journee and W.W. Massie, offshore hydromechanics, Delft University of Technology, January 2001
[15]中国船级社,海上移动平台入级与建造规范,北京：人民交通出版社,2005
[16]中国船级社,浅海固定平台建造与检验规范,北京,2004
[17]任贵永.海洋活动式平台[M].天津大学出版社.1989
[18]American Bureau of Shipping, ABS rules for building and classing mobile offshore drilling units 2001, part 3-hull construction & equipment, January 2005
[19]Det Norske Veritas, recommended practice DNV-RP-C103:column-stabilised units, February 2005
[20]梁园华,郑云龙,刘刚,马延德,关伟妹,BINGO9000半潜式钻井平台结构强度分析,中国海洋平台,第16卷第5-6期：21-26页
[21]张海彬,FPSO储油轮与半潜式平台波浪载荷三维计算方法研究,哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文.2004
[22]陈北燕,半潜式平台总体强度评估技术研究,哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2008年1月
[23]刘成名,半潜式平台管节点强度评估方法研究,哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2008年1月
[24]American Bureau of Shipping, guide for building and classing floating production installtions, April 2004
[25]American Bureau of Shipping, guide for buckling and ultimate strength assesment for offshore structures, April 2004
[26]Det Norske Veritas, offshore standard DNV-OS-C103:Structural Design of Column Stabilised Units(LRFD method), April 2004
[27]Det Norske Veritas, offshore standard DNV-RP-C103:Column Stabilised Units, February 2005
[28]Det Norske Veritas, offshore standard DNV-RP-C202:Bulking Strength of Shells, October 2002
[29]任慧龙,冯国庆,戴愚志.基于PCL的船舶自动加载方法。MSC公司2002年中国用户会议论文集.
[30]и.н.加拉霍夫,O.E.利托诺夫,A.A.阿利谢依奇克,浮动钻井平台(结构与强度),北京：国防工业出版社,1988
[31]刘兵山,黄聪等.Patran从入门到精通.2002
[32]董胜,樊敦秋,郝小丽,海洋平台设计中的风浪参数选取标准,中国造船,2005年3月,第46卷第1期
[33]Det Norske Veritas classification notes No.30.5:environmental conditions and environmental loads, March 2000
[34]American Bureau of Shipping, rules for building and classing mobile offshore drilling units 2006, part 3 hull construction and equipment
[35]Det Norske Veritas, offshore standard DNV-OS-C101:Design of offshore steel structures, general (LRFD method), April 2004
[36]Det Norske Veritas, offshore standard DNV-OS-C201:Structure design of offshore units (WSD method), April 2005
[37]Det Norske Veritas, recommended practice DNV-RP-C201:buckling strength of plated structures, October 2002
[38]冯国庆,船舶结构疲劳评估方法研究,哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文,2003年3月
[39]陈北燕,DNV规范船舶疲劳强度评估简化方法研究,哈尔滨工程大学学士学位论文.2005年6月
[40]刘刚,郑云龙,赵德有等,BINGO9000半潜式钻井平台疲劳强度分析,船舶力学,2002年4月,第6卷第2期：54-62页
[41]冯国庆,船舶结构疲劳强度评估方法研究,哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文,2006年8月
[42]American Bureau of Shipping, guide for fatigue assessment of offshore structures, April 2003
[43]Det Norske Veritas, recommended practice DNV-RP-C203:fatigue design of offshore steel structures, August 2005
[44]IACS, common structure rules for double hull oil tankers, January 2006.Chapter 7, Section3:18-19P
[45]IACS, common structure rules for bulk carriers, April 2006.Appendix B.3:12-14P
[46]张海彬,沈志平,李小平,深水半潜钻井平台波浪载荷预报与结构强度评估,船舶,2007年4月,第2期：33-38页
[47]陈新权,刘振辉,谭家华,深海半潜式平台选型研究,中国海洋平台,2008年2月,第23卷第1期
[48]M.Aziz Tayfun, Francesco Fedele, Wave-height distributions and nonlinear effects, Ocean Engineering 34 (2007) 1631-1649
[49]P.Petrova, Z.Cherneva, C.Guedes Soares, On the adequacy of second-order models to predict abnormal waves, Ocean Engineering 34 (2007) 956-961
[2]Torgeir Moan, The Alexander L. Kielland Accident, proc, The First Robert Bruce Wallace Lecturc, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, April,1981
[3]刘志刚,GM_Lift半潜式平台立柱的结构设计与强度分析研究,上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2006年12月：11页
[4]崔维成,蔡新刚,冷建兴,船舶结构疲劳强度校核研究现状及我国的进展。船舶力学,1998年8月第2卷第四期：63-80页
[5]马志良,罗德涛,近海移动式平台,北京：海洋出版社,1993
[6]李润培,王志农.海洋平台强度分析,上海：上海交通大学出版社,1992年10月第1版
[7]Det Norske Veritas, Environmental Conditions and Environmental Loads, March 2000
[8]李润培,谢永和,舒志,深海平台技术的研究现状与发展趋势,[J]中国海洋平台,2003年6月,第18卷第3期：1-6页
[9]刘海霞,深海半潜式钻井平台的发展,[J]船舶,2007年6月第3期：6-10页
[10]Dean, R.G., Relatively Validtues of Water Theories, Proceedings of ASCE Journal of the Waterways and Harbors Division, Vol.96 (1970), No.WW1.
[11]刘海霞,肖熙,半潜式平台结构强度分析中的波浪载荷计算,中国海洋平台,2003年4月,第18卷第2期：1-4页
[12]戴仰山,宋竞正等.船舶波浪载荷.2007
[13]望月重,小林浩.海洋建筑物的设计与实例,北京：海洋出版社,1983年2月第1版
[14]J.M.J. Journee and W.W. Massie, offshore hydromechanics, Delft University of Technology, January 2001
[15]中国船级社,海上移动平台入级与建造规范,北京：人民交通出版社,2005
[16]中国船级社,浅海固定平台建造与检验规范,北京,2004
[17]任贵永.海洋活动式平台[M].天津大学出版社.1989
[18]American Bureau of Shipping, ABS rules for building and classing mobile offshore drilling units 2001, part 3-hull construction & equipment, January 2005
[19]Det Norske Veritas, recommended practice DNV-RP-C103:column-stabilised units, February 2005
[20]梁园华,郑云龙,刘刚,马延德,关伟妹,BINGO9000半潜式钻井平台结构强度分析,中国海洋平台,第16卷第5-6期：21-26页
[21]张海彬,FPSO储油轮与半潜式平台波浪载荷三维计算方法研究,哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文.2004
[22]陈北燕,半潜式平台总体强度评估技术研究,哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2008年1月
[23]刘成名,半潜式平台管节点强度评估方法研究,哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2008年1月
[24]American Bureau of Shipping, guide for building and classing floating production installtions, April 2004
[25]American Bureau of Shipping, guide for buckling and ultimate strength assesment for offshore structures, April 2004
[26]Det Norske Veritas, offshore standard DNV-OS-C103:Structural Design of Column Stabilised Units(LRFD method), April 2004
[27]Det Norske Veritas, offshore standard DNV-RP-C103:Column Stabilised Units, February 2005
[28]Det Norske Veritas, offshore standard DNV-RP-C202:Bulking Strength of Shells, October 2002
[29]任慧龙,冯国庆,戴愚志.基于PCL的船舶自动加载方法。MSC公司2002年中国用户会议论文集.
[30]и.н.加拉霍夫,O.E.利托诺夫,A.A.阿利谢依奇克,浮动钻井平台(结构与强度),北京：国防工业出版社,1988
[31]刘兵山,黄聪等.Patran从入门到精通.2002
[32]董胜,樊敦秋,郝小丽,海洋平台设计中的风浪参数选取标准,中国造船,2005年3月,第46卷第1期
[33]Det Norske Veritas classification notes No.30.5:environmental conditions and environmental loads, March 2000
[34]American Bureau of Shipping, rules for building and classing mobile offshore drilling units 2006, part 3 hull construction and equipment
[35]Det Norske Veritas, offshore standard DNV-OS-C101:Design of offshore steel structures, general (LRFD method), April 2004
[36]Det Norske Veritas, offshore standard DNV-OS-C201:Structure design of offshore units (WSD method), April 2005
[37]Det Norske Veritas, recommended practice DNV-RP-C201:buckling strength of plated structures, October 2002
[38]冯国庆,船舶结构疲劳评估方法研究,哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文,2003年3月
[39]陈北燕,DNV规范船舶疲劳强度评估简化方法研究,哈尔滨工程大学学士学位论文.2005年6月
[40]刘刚,郑云龙,赵德有等,BINGO9000半潜式钻井平台疲劳强度分析,船舶力学,2002年4月,第6卷第2期：54-62页
[41]冯国庆,船舶结构疲劳强度评估方法研究,哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文,2006年8月
[42]American Bureau of Shipping, guide for fatigue assessment of offshore structures, April 2003
[43]Det Norske Veritas, recommended practice DNV-RP-C203:fatigue design of offshore steel structures, August 2005
[44]IACS, common structure rules for double hull oil tankers, January 2006.Chapter 7, Section3:18-19P
[45]IACS, common structure rules for bulk carriers, April 2006.Appendix B.3:12-14P
[46]张海彬,沈志平,李小平,深水半潜钻井平台波浪载荷预报与结构强度评估,船舶,2007年4月,第2期：33-38页
[47]陈新权,刘振辉,谭家华,深海半潜式平台选型研究,中国海洋平台,2008年2月,第23卷第1期
[48]M.Aziz Tayfun, Francesco Fedele, Wave-height distributions and nonlinear effects, Ocean Engineering 34 (2007) 1631-1649
[49]P.Petrova, Z.Cherneva, C.Guedes Soares, On the adequacy of second-order models to predict abnormal waves, Ocean Engineering 34 (2007) 956-961