将分布式光纤传感技术融入EPON的研究
摘要
光纤作为当今一种十分重要的通信传输媒质不仅可用于光通信信号的传输还具有光传感的功能,可以用于温度、应力、振动等多个参数的高灵敏度测量并能应用于安防监测(如火警、匪警等)。将分布式光纤传感技术融合到通信网中,以实现同时具有通信功能和传感功能的新光纤接入综合业务增值网络,对提高人民的生活品质,具有极其重要的现实意义。
本文提出了几种将分布式光纤传感技术融入目前流行的无源光网络(PON)的网络架构,使PON成为能提供故障定位及安防监测功能的业务综合网。主要工作内容为:
1.提出了几种将分布式光纤传感技术融入到无源接入网的网络架构,并对这几种架构进行了分析和比较。
2.详细分析了安防系统对激光光源各种参数的要求,包括线宽、功率、稳定性以及频率漂移等,并设计了测试这些参数的实验装置。
3.详细研究了多种低成本的窄线宽光纤可调激光器,并进行了测试。同时测试了商用的窄线宽光纤激光器,分析并比较了自行设计的激光器的缺陷。
4.进行了φ-OTDR分布式光纤传感系统的实验、融入OTDR技术的无源光网络的实验以及融入φ-OTDR技术的无源光网络的实验。并对融合网络进行了各种通信测试,证明了融入分布式光纤传感技术的PON对正常网络通信数据无影响。
5.设计并实现了配套的安防系统软件。该软件的核心代码均采用通用的C/C++库写成,具有较高的移植性。同时设计中考虑了扩展性和效率的问题,因此设计软件采用MVC结构,网络通信采用C/S模型,而对数据包使用内存池管理。
As a very important transmission medium, optical-fiber with function of fiber-optic communication and fiber-optic sensing can be used in temperature, stress, vibration and other parameters of the high sensitivity measurement and also in security system such as fire alarm and thief guard. Integrating the distributed optical fiber sensor system into communication network to achiving services for communication and sensing at the same time was extremely important practical significance for improving the quality of the people’s life.
In this paper, a network architecture combining the distributed optical fiber sensor with the Passive Optical Access Network (PON), so that the PON can provide services for communication, failure detection and security monitoring at the same time.The main contents discussed as follows:
(1) Several network architectures combining distributed optical fiber sensor with PON was proposed and analysed.
(2) Detailed derivation of the required parameters of the light source in security system, including line width, power, stability and frequency dift, etc., And experiment device was setup to test these requirements.
(3) Detailed study of a variety of low-cost tunable narrow line-width fiber lasers, and also some tests of the required paraments. At the same time, some commercial narrow line-width fiber lasers were also tested, analysed, and compared with the self-desgined tunable lasers.
(4) A series of experiments aboutφ-OTDR security system, including a new architecture affording branches fiber-fault identification and location for the PON Based on WDM, a new architecture affording security monitiry for the PON Based on WDM, and some testes of the new architecture’s normal communication.
(5) Designed corresponding software for security system. The core code of corresponding software was written in c/c++ library which with high portability. The MVC is used taking into account the extensibility, C/S model is adopted for network communication, and memory pool is applied to improve the efficient.
本文提出了几种将分布式光纤传感技术融入目前流行的无源光网络(PON)的网络架构,使PON成为能提供故障定位及安防监测功能的业务综合网。主要工作内容为:
1.提出了几种将分布式光纤传感技术融入到无源接入网的网络架构,并对这几种架构进行了分析和比较。
2.详细分析了安防系统对激光光源各种参数的要求,包括线宽、功率、稳定性以及频率漂移等,并设计了测试这些参数的实验装置。
3.详细研究了多种低成本的窄线宽光纤可调激光器,并进行了测试。同时测试了商用的窄线宽光纤激光器,分析并比较了自行设计的激光器的缺陷。
4.进行了φ-OTDR分布式光纤传感系统的实验、融入OTDR技术的无源光网络的实验以及融入φ-OTDR技术的无源光网络的实验。并对融合网络进行了各种通信测试,证明了融入分布式光纤传感技术的PON对正常网络通信数据无影响。
5.设计并实现了配套的安防系统软件。该软件的核心代码均采用通用的C/C++库写成,具有较高的移植性。同时设计中考虑了扩展性和效率的问题,因此设计软件采用MVC结构,网络通信采用C/S模型,而对数据包使用内存池管理。
As a very important transmission medium, optical-fiber with function of fiber-optic communication and fiber-optic sensing can be used in temperature, stress, vibration and other parameters of the high sensitivity measurement and also in security system such as fire alarm and thief guard. Integrating the distributed optical fiber sensor system into communication network to achiving services for communication and sensing at the same time was extremely important practical significance for improving the quality of the people’s life.
In this paper, a network architecture combining the distributed optical fiber sensor with the Passive Optical Access Network (PON), so that the PON can provide services for communication, failure detection and security monitoring at the same time.The main contents discussed as follows:
(1) Several network architectures combining distributed optical fiber sensor with PON was proposed and analysed.
(2) Detailed derivation of the required parameters of the light source in security system, including line width, power, stability and frequency dift, etc., And experiment device was setup to test these requirements.
(3) Detailed study of a variety of low-cost tunable narrow line-width fiber lasers, and also some tests of the required paraments. At the same time, some commercial narrow line-width fiber lasers were also tested, analysed, and compared with the self-desgined tunable lasers.
(4) A series of experiments aboutφ-OTDR security system, including a new architecture affording branches fiber-fault identification and location for the PON Based on WDM, a new architecture affording security monitiry for the PON Based on WDM, and some testes of the new architecture’s normal communication.
(5) Designed corresponding software for security system. The core code of corresponding software was written in c/c++ library which with high portability. The MVC is used taking into account the extensibility, C/S model is adopted for network communication, and memory pool is applied to improve the efficient.
引文
[1]毛幼菊,余水琴.宽带接入技术的新演进—GPON[J ].半导体光电,2004, (2) :115– 131
[2] S. Ramamurthy, L. Sahasrabuddhe, B. Mukherjees. Survivable WDM mesh networks. J. Lightwave Technol., 2003, 21:870-883
[3] M. Barbehenn. A note on the complexity of Dijkstra’s algorithm for graphs with weighted vertices. IEEE Trans. Comp., 1998, 47:263
[4]郑铭旭,苏泽雄,唐军. PON技术及其应用模式探讨.格林威尔杯“我眼中的无源光网络(PON)”有奖征文(选登)
[5]北京格林威尔发展有限公司,刘冬,张崙. EPON与GPON的综合比较.通信世界
[6]郑伟,范忠礼. ATM-PON宽带接入网研究[J] .南京邮电学院学报,1999 ,19(3) :84-87.
[7] Frank J. Effenberger, Quantum Bridge Comm. Advances in broadband passive optical network technologies. IEEE Communications Magazine, December 2001.
[8] ITU 2T Recommendation G. 983. 1 (1998). Broadband optical access systems based on passive optical network (PON). ITU 2T Recommendation G, 1998
[9] IEEE Std 802.3ahTM -2004
[10] http://www.light-wavechina.com/e/DoPrint/?classid=24&id=1281; http://www.cofol.com/News/Display.aspx?ArticleID=84896&ClassNo=014&ClassID=0&CategoryID=100; http://www.c114.net/ftth/315/a199065.html
[11]马天兵,杜菲.光纤传感器的应用和发展TN253 2004.8
[12] Jeff Hecht著贾东方、余震虹、王肇颖、刘俭辉等译光纤光学人民邮电出版社2004.5
[13]廖延彪黎敏.光纤传感器的今日与发展TP212.14 2004
[14] Davis CM .光纤传感器技术手册[M ].北京:电子工业出版社, 1987.
[15] M. K. Barnoski and S. M. Jensen, "Fiber waveguides: a novel technique for investigating attenuation characteristics," Appl. Opt. 15, 2112-2115 (1976).
[16] B. Costa, B. Sordo, U. Menaglia, L. Piccari and G. Grasso, Attenuation measurements performed by backscattering technique. Electron. Lett. 16, 352-353 (1980).
[17] M. K. Barnoski,M. D. Rourke,S. M. Jensen,and R. T. Melville. Optical time domain reflectometer. Appl. Opt. 16, 2375-2380 (1977).
[18]卢亚雄杨亚培陈淑芬.激光束传输与变换技术.电子科技大学出版社
[19]蔡伯荣孙守遥刘永智.集成光学.电子科技大学出版社
[20]王中伟.拉丝张力对单模光纤截止波长和模场直径的影响.玻璃光纤2005.5
[21]石顺祥、张海兴、刘劲松编著.物理光学与应用光学.西安电子科技大学出版社
[22]周诗建、毛节泰.中国大百科智慧.大气散射
[23] Stolen R.H,Ippen EP.Raman gain in glass optical waveguide[J]. Appl.Phys.Lett.,1973.6
[24] Agrawal G P. Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 3rd ed[M]. New York: Academic,2001
[25] Chien-Hung Yeh, Sien Chi. Optical fiber-fault surveillance for passive optical networks in S-band operation window [J]. OPTICS EXPRESS, 2005, 13(14): 5494-5498.
[26] Chun-Kit Chan, Lian-Kuan Chen, Jian Song, et al. A Practical Passive Surveillance Scheme for Optically Amplified Passive Branched Optical Networks [J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1997, 9(4): 526-528.
[27] Chun-Kit Chan, Frank Tong, Lian-Kuan Chen, et al. Fiber-Fault Identification for Branched Access Networks Using a Wavelength-Sweeping Monitoring Source. IEEE Photonics technology letters, 1999, 11(5): 614-616.
[28]周诗建,毛节泰.中国大百科智慧.大气散射
[29] Culshaw B, Darkin J.光纤传感器[M].(李少慧,宁雅农,李志高等译).武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997:583-605
[30] D.Cotter. Stimulated Brillouin scattering in mode optical fiber. Opt. Commun., 1983(4): 10-19
[31] Narayanan S R, Chun W, Valdez T I. Techniques for sensing methanol concentration in aqueous environments [ P ]. US: 6306285B1, 2001 - 10 - 23.
[32] T. Kurashima, M.Tateda, Y. Koyamada. Performance Improvement of a Combined OTDR for Distributed Strain and Loss Measurement by Random the Reference Light Polarization State. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1997.9(3): 360-362
[33] Choi K N,Taylor H F. Spectrally stable Er:fiber laser for application in phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry.IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2003,15(3):386–389
[34] K. N. Choi, J. C. Juarez, and H. F. Taylor,“Distributed fiber optic pressure/seismic sensor for low-cost monitoring of long perimeters,”SPIE Conference 5090, AeroSense 2003, Orlando, FL, April 2003.
[35] Juan C. Juarez and Henry F. Taylor, Distributed fiber optic intrusion sensor system for monitoring long perimeters,TX77843-3159, USA
[36]关柏鸥,郭转运,刘志国等.宽带调谐全光纤环形激光器[ J ].中国激光, 2000, 27 (3).
[37] Yu A, SiddiquiA S. Optical modulators using fiber optic Sagnac interferometers [ J ]. IEEE Proc. Opto electron, 1994: 141 (1) : 1 - 7.
[38]冯新焕,范万德,袁树忠等.DBR掺镱光纤激光器激射波长的研究[J].光子学报,2004,33(12):1417-1420.
[39]郭玉彬,菊池和朗.基于光纤Bragg光栅的掺铒光纤激光器[J].中国激光,2000,27(7):521-525.
[40] Hideyuki Sotobayashi. Broad2Band Wavelength2Tunable, Single Frequency, and Single Polarization Bismuth Oxide2 Based Erbium2Doped Fiber Laser [J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2004, 16 (7): 1628 - 1630.
[41]许远忠,谭华耀,杜卫冲等.短腔Er/Yb光纤光栅激光器[J].光学学报,1999,19(10):1327-1331
[42]胡贵军,潘玉寨,郭玉彬等.基于光纤光栅的高功率光纤激光器[J].光子学报,2004,33(4):405-408.
[43] Ball G A,Holton C W,Hull G,et al.60mW 1.5um single-frequency low-noise fiber laserMOPA[J].IEEE Photon Techonl.Lett,1994,6(2):192-194.
[44]刘宁,廖常俊,刘颂豪等.光纤光栅耦合附加腔被动锁模激光器特性的分析[J].中国激光,2001,28(5):395-398.
[45] Loh W H, Laming R I.1.55um phase-shifted distributed feedback fibre laser[J].Electron.Lett, 1995,31(17):1440-1442.
[46] Yelen K, Hickey L, Zervas M N.A new design approach for DFB lasers for improved efficiency[J].OFC2004–paper ThB1.
[47] Townsend J E,Barens W L,Jedrzejewski K P,et al.Yb-sensitized Er-doped silica optical fiber with ultrahigh transfer efficiency and gain[J]. Electron. Lett., 1991,27(21):1958-1959.
[48]冯新焕,范万德,袁树忠等.DBR掺镱光纤激光器激射波长的研究[J].光子学报, 2004,33(12):1417-1420
[49] Ibsen M,Ronnekleiv E,Cowle G J,et al.Multiple wavelength all-fibre DFB lasers[J]. Electron Lett,2000,36(2):143-144.
[50] Li S. C., Ni W.J. and etc. Studies on Crystal KPT(KTiPO4) Electro-optic Switch. Chinese Journal of Lasers. 1999(2)
[51] Li S C, Xue T and Yu J. A novel electrooptical switching in PPLN waveguide. Acta Physica Sinica. 2002 51(9):2018
[52]陈开鑫,衣茂斌,张大明,侯阿临.基于F-P腔的极化聚合物的纵向电光调制.物理学报2000, vol.8
[53]郭巍.声光可调谐掺鉺光纤激光器的研究.中国优秀硕士学位论文2007.
[54]肖永良.中国优秀硕士学位论文.光纤光栅激光器. 2005.
[2] S. Ramamurthy, L. Sahasrabuddhe, B. Mukherjees. Survivable WDM mesh networks. J. Lightwave Technol., 2003, 21:870-883
[3] M. Barbehenn. A note on the complexity of Dijkstra’s algorithm for graphs with weighted vertices. IEEE Trans. Comp., 1998, 47:263
[4]郑铭旭,苏泽雄,唐军. PON技术及其应用模式探讨.格林威尔杯“我眼中的无源光网络(PON)”有奖征文(选登)
[5]北京格林威尔发展有限公司,刘冬,张崙. EPON与GPON的综合比较.通信世界
[6]郑伟,范忠礼. ATM-PON宽带接入网研究[J] .南京邮电学院学报,1999 ,19(3) :84-87.
[7] Frank J. Effenberger, Quantum Bridge Comm. Advances in broadband passive optical network technologies. IEEE Communications Magazine, December 2001.
[8] ITU 2T Recommendation G. 983. 1 (1998). Broadband optical access systems based on passive optical network (PON). ITU 2T Recommendation G, 1998
[9] IEEE Std 802.3ahTM -2004
[10] http://www.light-wavechina.com/e/DoPrint/?classid=24&id=1281; http://www.cofol.com/News/Display.aspx?ArticleID=84896&ClassNo=014&ClassID=0&CategoryID=100; http://www.c114.net/ftth/315/a199065.html
[11]马天兵,杜菲.光纤传感器的应用和发展TN253 2004.8
[12] Jeff Hecht著贾东方、余震虹、王肇颖、刘俭辉等译光纤光学人民邮电出版社2004.5
[13]廖延彪黎敏.光纤传感器的今日与发展TP212.14 2004
[14] Davis CM .光纤传感器技术手册[M ].北京:电子工业出版社, 1987.
[15] M. K. Barnoski and S. M. Jensen, "Fiber waveguides: a novel technique for investigating attenuation characteristics," Appl. Opt. 15, 2112-2115 (1976).
[16] B. Costa, B. Sordo, U. Menaglia, L. Piccari and G. Grasso, Attenuation measurements performed by backscattering technique. Electron. Lett. 16, 352-353 (1980).
[17] M. K. Barnoski,M. D. Rourke,S. M. Jensen,and R. T. Melville. Optical time domain reflectometer. Appl. Opt. 16, 2375-2380 (1977).
[18]卢亚雄杨亚培陈淑芬.激光束传输与变换技术.电子科技大学出版社
[19]蔡伯荣孙守遥刘永智.集成光学.电子科技大学出版社
[20]王中伟.拉丝张力对单模光纤截止波长和模场直径的影响.玻璃光纤2005.5
[21]石顺祥、张海兴、刘劲松编著.物理光学与应用光学.西安电子科技大学出版社
[22]周诗建、毛节泰.中国大百科智慧.大气散射
[23] Stolen R.H,Ippen EP.Raman gain in glass optical waveguide[J]. Appl.Phys.Lett.,1973.6
[24] Agrawal G P. Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 3rd ed[M]. New York: Academic,2001
[25] Chien-Hung Yeh, Sien Chi. Optical fiber-fault surveillance for passive optical networks in S-band operation window [J]. OPTICS EXPRESS, 2005, 13(14): 5494-5498.
[26] Chun-Kit Chan, Lian-Kuan Chen, Jian Song, et al. A Practical Passive Surveillance Scheme for Optically Amplified Passive Branched Optical Networks [J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1997, 9(4): 526-528.
[27] Chun-Kit Chan, Frank Tong, Lian-Kuan Chen, et al. Fiber-Fault Identification for Branched Access Networks Using a Wavelength-Sweeping Monitoring Source. IEEE Photonics technology letters, 1999, 11(5): 614-616.
[28]周诗建,毛节泰.中国大百科智慧.大气散射
[29] Culshaw B, Darkin J.光纤传感器[M].(李少慧,宁雅农,李志高等译).武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997:583-605
[30] D.Cotter. Stimulated Brillouin scattering in mode optical fiber. Opt. Commun., 1983(4): 10-19
[31] Narayanan S R, Chun W, Valdez T I. Techniques for sensing methanol concentration in aqueous environments [ P ]. US: 6306285B1, 2001 - 10 - 23.
[32] T. Kurashima, M.Tateda, Y. Koyamada. Performance Improvement of a Combined OTDR for Distributed Strain and Loss Measurement by Random the Reference Light Polarization State. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1997.9(3): 360-362
[33] Choi K N,Taylor H F. Spectrally stable Er:fiber laser for application in phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry.IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2003,15(3):386–389
[34] K. N. Choi, J. C. Juarez, and H. F. Taylor,“Distributed fiber optic pressure/seismic sensor for low-cost monitoring of long perimeters,”SPIE Conference 5090, AeroSense 2003, Orlando, FL, April 2003.
[35] Juan C. Juarez and Henry F. Taylor, Distributed fiber optic intrusion sensor system for monitoring long perimeters,TX77843-3159, USA
[36]关柏鸥,郭转运,刘志国等.宽带调谐全光纤环形激光器[ J ].中国激光, 2000, 27 (3).
[37] Yu A, SiddiquiA S. Optical modulators using fiber optic Sagnac interferometers [ J ]. IEEE Proc. Opto electron, 1994: 141 (1) : 1 - 7.
[38]冯新焕,范万德,袁树忠等.DBR掺镱光纤激光器激射波长的研究[J].光子学报,2004,33(12):1417-1420.
[39]郭玉彬,菊池和朗.基于光纤Bragg光栅的掺铒光纤激光器[J].中国激光,2000,27(7):521-525.
[40] Hideyuki Sotobayashi. Broad2Band Wavelength2Tunable, Single Frequency, and Single Polarization Bismuth Oxide2 Based Erbium2Doped Fiber Laser [J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2004, 16 (7): 1628 - 1630.
[41]许远忠,谭华耀,杜卫冲等.短腔Er/Yb光纤光栅激光器[J].光学学报,1999,19(10):1327-1331
[42]胡贵军,潘玉寨,郭玉彬等.基于光纤光栅的高功率光纤激光器[J].光子学报,2004,33(4):405-408.
[43] Ball G A,Holton C W,Hull G,et al.60mW 1.5um single-frequency low-noise fiber laserMOPA[J].IEEE Photon Techonl.Lett,1994,6(2):192-194.
[44]刘宁,廖常俊,刘颂豪等.光纤光栅耦合附加腔被动锁模激光器特性的分析[J].中国激光,2001,28(5):395-398.
[45] Loh W H, Laming R I.1.55um phase-shifted distributed feedback fibre laser[J].Electron.Lett, 1995,31(17):1440-1442.
[46] Yelen K, Hickey L, Zervas M N.A new design approach for DFB lasers for improved efficiency[J].OFC2004–paper ThB1.
[47] Townsend J E,Barens W L,Jedrzejewski K P,et al.Yb-sensitized Er-doped silica optical fiber with ultrahigh transfer efficiency and gain[J]. Electron. Lett., 1991,27(21):1958-1959.
[48]冯新焕,范万德,袁树忠等.DBR掺镱光纤激光器激射波长的研究[J].光子学报, 2004,33(12):1417-1420
[49] Ibsen M,Ronnekleiv E,Cowle G J,et al.Multiple wavelength all-fibre DFB lasers[J]. Electron Lett,2000,36(2):143-144.
[50] Li S. C., Ni W.J. and etc. Studies on Crystal KPT(KTiPO4) Electro-optic Switch. Chinese Journal of Lasers. 1999(2)
[51] Li S C, Xue T and Yu J. A novel electrooptical switching in PPLN waveguide. Acta Physica Sinica. 2002 51(9):2018
[52]陈开鑫,衣茂斌,张大明,侯阿临.基于F-P腔的极化聚合物的纵向电光调制.物理学报2000, vol.8
[53]郭巍.声光可调谐掺鉺光纤激光器的研究.中国优秀硕士学位论文2007.
[54]肖永良.中国优秀硕士学位论文.光纤光栅激光器. 2005.