公务员考试录用制度改革研究
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摘要
公务员考试录用制度是公务员制度确立的重要标志之一,也是实现公务员制度功绩化、职业化、专业化等价值的基础环节。一个规范、合理、科学的考试录用制度,可以为国家选拔各式各样的优秀人才,提高政府行政效能;否则,不仅造成政府机构人浮于事、效能低下,而且还会动摇一个国家政权制度的稳固。改革开放以来,我国干部人事制度实行了重大改革,特别是建立了国家公务员考试录用制度,在社会上引起了巨大反响,也取得了巨大成绩,对充分保障公民合法权益、加强公务员队伍建设、提高行政效率、促进机关廉政建设起到了重要作用。但是,任何改革不可能一蹴而就,公务员考试录用制度也同样存在一些亟待解决的问题。如何纠正这些问题,并防止其它类似问题发生,在深化改革的今天,如何完善现行公务员考试录用制度,使公务员考录制度能够健康发展,这不仅是有关理论工作者需要研究探讨的问题,也是从事组织人事实际工作者需要总结分析的问题。
由鉴于此,本文运用政治学、公共经济学、公共政策分析以及公务员制度有关理论,在初步了解熟悉国内外有关专家对公务员考录制度研究的基础上,在对公务员考试录用制度的含义、特点、原则以及运作作一般分析基础上,从我国公务员考录制度的现状出发,重点探讨了公务员考试录用制度存在的一些诸如涉及对象狭窄、运作随意放任、成本浪费严重、监督机制缺失等问题,以及这些问题在文化层面、制度层面、操作层面的诸多原因。为了能够进一步说明问题,本文还以浙江省绍兴市为例,就公务员考试录用制度究竟存在哪些问题、如何改进,以及公众对公务员考试录用制度的总体评价等,通过调查形式,进一步展开讨论研究,希冀通过有代表性的点的剖析研究,加深论文的理论联系实际的紧密度,以及论文的可操作性。
论文在对上述问题、上述个案分析基础上,提出了完善公务员考录制度的社会环境、规范公务员考录制度的相关要素、处理好公务员考录制度的结构关系、激发公务员考录制度的内在活力,以及健全公务员考录制度等对策建议,以进一步完善公务员考试录用制度,以使公务员考试录用制度的改革取得更大成绩。
The civil service test-hiring system is an important component part of the national civil service system as well as the basic link for the realization of its meritorious, professional and specialized values. A normative, rational and scientific test hiring system can select a wide range of talents for the country and enhance the administrative efficiency; otherwise, it may not only cause an oversupply of labor and lower effectiveness in the government agencies, but also shake a solid state power system. Since the policy of reform and opening up began to be carried out, China's implementation of the cadre and personnel system has undergone major reform, especially the establishment of a national civil service test-hiring system has aroused a huge response in our society, made a great achievements and played an important role for fully protecting the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, strengthening the building of the civil service, improving administrative efficiency and promoting clean government agencies. However, any reform cannot be achieved overnight, there are also some issues requiring urgent solution in the test hiring system of the civil servants. How to correct these problems, and prevent other similar problems, and how to improve the existing civil service examination system to the healthy development --it is not only the problems which research workers must solve, but also the issues which cadres in organizational and personnel departments must give summary to and make analysis of.
In view of this, the paper, using political science, public economics, public policy analysis, as well as the theory concerning the civil service system, on the basis of initial understanding of the researches of the relevant domestic and foreign experts on the test hiring system of the civil servants and also on the basis of the general analysis of its implications, characteristics, principles and operations, analyzes its status quo, focusing on the existing problems such as too narrow scope of application, lack of scientific nature, too high cost, lack of supervising mechanism as well as the reasons in culture, system and operation which result in these problems. In order to further describe the problem, this paper, taking Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province as an example, makes a further discussion and study of the problems existing in civil service test-hiring system and its improvement, as well as the overall evaluations of the public on the system in hopes of strengthening the tightness of integration of theory with practice and the operability of the paper.
Based on the analysis of the above issues and the particular case, this paper gives some measures and suggestions such as improving social environment of the system, normalizing its related elements, handling its structure relationship, stimulating its inherent vitality, and amplifying the rules related to the system so as to further perfect the civil service test-hiring system and enable its reform to achieve greater successes.
由鉴于此,本文运用政治学、公共经济学、公共政策分析以及公务员制度有关理论,在初步了解熟悉国内外有关专家对公务员考录制度研究的基础上,在对公务员考试录用制度的含义、特点、原则以及运作作一般分析基础上,从我国公务员考录制度的现状出发,重点探讨了公务员考试录用制度存在的一些诸如涉及对象狭窄、运作随意放任、成本浪费严重、监督机制缺失等问题,以及这些问题在文化层面、制度层面、操作层面的诸多原因。为了能够进一步说明问题,本文还以浙江省绍兴市为例,就公务员考试录用制度究竟存在哪些问题、如何改进,以及公众对公务员考试录用制度的总体评价等,通过调查形式,进一步展开讨论研究,希冀通过有代表性的点的剖析研究,加深论文的理论联系实际的紧密度,以及论文的可操作性。
论文在对上述问题、上述个案分析基础上,提出了完善公务员考录制度的社会环境、规范公务员考录制度的相关要素、处理好公务员考录制度的结构关系、激发公务员考录制度的内在活力,以及健全公务员考录制度等对策建议,以进一步完善公务员考试录用制度,以使公务员考试录用制度的改革取得更大成绩。
The civil service test-hiring system is an important component part of the national civil service system as well as the basic link for the realization of its meritorious, professional and specialized values. A normative, rational and scientific test hiring system can select a wide range of talents for the country and enhance the administrative efficiency; otherwise, it may not only cause an oversupply of labor and lower effectiveness in the government agencies, but also shake a solid state power system. Since the policy of reform and opening up began to be carried out, China's implementation of the cadre and personnel system has undergone major reform, especially the establishment of a national civil service test-hiring system has aroused a huge response in our society, made a great achievements and played an important role for fully protecting the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, strengthening the building of the civil service, improving administrative efficiency and promoting clean government agencies. However, any reform cannot be achieved overnight, there are also some issues requiring urgent solution in the test hiring system of the civil servants. How to correct these problems, and prevent other similar problems, and how to improve the existing civil service examination system to the healthy development --it is not only the problems which research workers must solve, but also the issues which cadres in organizational and personnel departments must give summary to and make analysis of.
In view of this, the paper, using political science, public economics, public policy analysis, as well as the theory concerning the civil service system, on the basis of initial understanding of the researches of the relevant domestic and foreign experts on the test hiring system of the civil servants and also on the basis of the general analysis of its implications, characteristics, principles and operations, analyzes its status quo, focusing on the existing problems such as too narrow scope of application, lack of scientific nature, too high cost, lack of supervising mechanism as well as the reasons in culture, system and operation which result in these problems. In order to further describe the problem, this paper, taking Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province as an example, makes a further discussion and study of the problems existing in civil service test-hiring system and its improvement, as well as the overall evaluations of the public on the system in hopes of strengthening the tightness of integration of theory with practice and the operability of the paper.
Based on the analysis of the above issues and the particular case, this paper gives some measures and suggestions such as improving social environment of the system, normalizing its related elements, handling its structure relationship, stimulating its inherent vitality, and amplifying the rules related to the system so as to further perfect the civil service test-hiring system and enable its reform to achieve greater successes.
引文
①王卓波.公务员制度实施成就综述[N].中国人事报,2006-10-08.
②杨朝仁.科举取仕的历史嬗变与现实观照[J].政治学研究,2001 (3),23.
③王道成.科举史话[M].台湾:中华书局,1998,132.
④史继忠.对科举制度的历史考察[J] .贵州:贵州师范大学学报,1995(3),3 I .
⑤李中和.比较公务员制度[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,2005,23-24.
⑥蔡小慎、徐进.国外公务员考录制度对我国的启示.社会科学辑刊[J].2004.(5)181.
⑦原劳动人事部.吸收录用干部问题若干规定(劳人干[1982]147号).1982-09-29, 4.
⑧徐颂陶,侯建良新编国家公务员录用考试教程[M]北京:中国人事出版社,,2005,79.
⑨国家公务员录用暂行规定.人录发[ 1994]1号(1994-06-07)第十七条第二款.
⑩钱福永.国家公务员考试录用理论与方法[M].黑龙江人民出版社2005. 1.
11国家公务员考试课题研究组主编.国家公务员考试实用手册[M].企业管理出版社1995.l0.
12中华人民共和国公务员法[M].北京:中国人事出版社,2005-04-27第21条.
13陈社育.录用国家公务员部分考录结果研究报告[M].西南民族学院学报,2001(5),34-35.
14王振国.公务员考试录用制度现状的系统分析[J].安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版),2003(1),36.
15朱庆芳,公务员考试录用实务[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2003.142.
[1]舒放,王克良.国家公务员制度教程[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001.
[2]周敏凯.比较公务员制度[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2006, 1.
[3]傅礼白.国家公务员制度概论[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2004, 3.
[4]钱再见,陈辉,许开轶.公务员制度创新与实施[M].广东人民出版社,2002, 7.
[5]萧鸣政主编.中国政府人力资源开发概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004.87.
[6]杨庆东.中西方公务员制度比较[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,2003,92.
[7]张觉文.现代政府与公务员制度[M].成都:四川人民出版社,2000,37.
[8]徐升,王建新.人才测评[M].北京:企业管理出版社,2000.
[9]胡伟.新世纪中国民主政治发展与政治学的使命[J].浙江学刊,2004,(1).
[10]张耀明.新编国家公务员读本[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,2002.
[11]黄卫平,谭功荣.公务员制度比较[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2002.
[12]姜海如.中外公务员制度比较[M].北京:商务印书馆,2003.
[13]任爽,石庆环.科举制度与公务员制度[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001.
[14]苏廷林.国家公务员[M].济南:黄河出版社,1993.
[15]谭键.西方公务员制度[M].北京:北京出版社,1989.
[16]金太军.公务员制度与政府廉政建设研究[M].广东:广东人民出版社,2000.
[17]傅西路.国家公务员制度概论[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1989.
[18]卢绍武.考录与竞岗[M].北京:中国人事出版社,2001.
[19]吴江,胡冶岩.公共部门人力资源管理[M].北京:中央党校出版社,2003.
[20]唐晓阳.国家公务员制度概论[M].厂州:广东人民出版社,2004.
[21]卢绍武.考录与竞岗[M].北京:中国人事出版社,2001.
[22]曹志.各国公职人员考试任用制度[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1989.
[23]苏廷林.当代国家公务员制度发展趋势[M].北京:中国人事出版社,1993.
[24]孙一贤.公务员制度比较研究[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1992.
[25]张成福,党秀云.公共管理学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001.
[26]钱福永.国家公务员考试录用理论与方法[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2005.
[27]国家公务员考试课题研究组.国家公务员考试实用手册[M].北京:企业管理出版社,1995.
[28]陈振明.国家公务员制度[M].福建:福建人民出版社,2001.
[29]邓小平文选[M].北京:人民出版社,1994.
[30]吴春华,温志强.中国公务员制度[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2008.
[31]Cheminais,J.etc.,Fundamentals of Public Personnel Management,Juta & Co Ltd,1998.
[32]Burak,Elmet H.,Personnel Management:AHuman Resource System Approach,New york:John Wiley and Sons,1982.
[33]Thompson,Frank J.ed.,Classics of Public Personnel Policy,Belmont,C.A.:Wadsworth/Thomson Learning,2003.
②杨朝仁.科举取仕的历史嬗变与现实观照[J].政治学研究,2001 (3),23.
③王道成.科举史话[M].台湾:中华书局,1998,132.
④史继忠.对科举制度的历史考察[J] .贵州:贵州师范大学学报,1995(3),3 I .
⑤李中和.比较公务员制度[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,2005,23-24.
⑥蔡小慎、徐进.国外公务员考录制度对我国的启示.社会科学辑刊[J].2004.(5)181.
⑦原劳动人事部.吸收录用干部问题若干规定(劳人干[1982]147号).1982-09-29, 4.
⑧徐颂陶,侯建良新编国家公务员录用考试教程[M]北京:中国人事出版社,,2005,79.
⑨国家公务员录用暂行规定.人录发[ 1994]1号(1994-06-07)第十七条第二款.
⑩钱福永.国家公务员考试录用理论与方法[M].黑龙江人民出版社2005. 1.
11国家公务员考试课题研究组主编.国家公务员考试实用手册[M].企业管理出版社1995.l0.
12中华人民共和国公务员法[M].北京:中国人事出版社,2005-04-27第21条.
13陈社育.录用国家公务员部分考录结果研究报告[M].西南民族学院学报,2001(5),34-35.
14王振国.公务员考试录用制度现状的系统分析[J].安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版),2003(1),36.
15朱庆芳,公务员考试录用实务[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2003.142.
[1]舒放,王克良.国家公务员制度教程[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001.
[2]周敏凯.比较公务员制度[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2006, 1.
[3]傅礼白.国家公务员制度概论[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2004, 3.
[4]钱再见,陈辉,许开轶.公务员制度创新与实施[M].广东人民出版社,2002, 7.
[5]萧鸣政主编.中国政府人力资源开发概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004.87.
[6]杨庆东.中西方公务员制度比较[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,2003,92.
[7]张觉文.现代政府与公务员制度[M].成都:四川人民出版社,2000,37.
[8]徐升,王建新.人才测评[M].北京:企业管理出版社,2000.
[9]胡伟.新世纪中国民主政治发展与政治学的使命[J].浙江学刊,2004,(1).
[10]张耀明.新编国家公务员读本[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,2002.
[11]黄卫平,谭功荣.公务员制度比较[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2002.
[12]姜海如.中外公务员制度比较[M].北京:商务印书馆,2003.
[13]任爽,石庆环.科举制度与公务员制度[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001.
[14]苏廷林.国家公务员[M].济南:黄河出版社,1993.
[15]谭键.西方公务员制度[M].北京:北京出版社,1989.
[16]金太军.公务员制度与政府廉政建设研究[M].广东:广东人民出版社,2000.
[17]傅西路.国家公务员制度概论[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1989.
[18]卢绍武.考录与竞岗[M].北京:中国人事出版社,2001.
[19]吴江,胡冶岩.公共部门人力资源管理[M].北京:中央党校出版社,2003.
[20]唐晓阳.国家公务员制度概论[M].厂州:广东人民出版社,2004.
[21]卢绍武.考录与竞岗[M].北京:中国人事出版社,2001.
[22]曹志.各国公职人员考试任用制度[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1989.
[23]苏廷林.当代国家公务员制度发展趋势[M].北京:中国人事出版社,1993.
[24]孙一贤.公务员制度比较研究[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1992.
[25]张成福,党秀云.公共管理学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001.
[26]钱福永.国家公务员考试录用理论与方法[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2005.
[27]国家公务员考试课题研究组.国家公务员考试实用手册[M].北京:企业管理出版社,1995.
[28]陈振明.国家公务员制度[M].福建:福建人民出版社,2001.
[29]邓小平文选[M].北京:人民出版社,1994.
[30]吴春华,温志强.中国公务员制度[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2008.
[31]Cheminais,J.etc.,Fundamentals of Public Personnel Management,Juta & Co Ltd,1998.
[32]Burak,Elmet H.,Personnel Management:AHuman Resource System Approach,New york:John Wiley and Sons,1982.
[33]Thompson,Frank J.ed.,Classics of Public Personnel Policy,Belmont,C.A.:Wadsworth/Thomson Learning,2003.