TCP/IP协议栈在嵌入式系统中的应用
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摘要
因特网打印协议IPP(Internet Printing Protocol)是基于HTTP协议的应用层协议。2000年IETF组织发布了IPP版本1.1,它是网上传送和管理打印任务的国际标准。本文主要研究了IPP协议的实现原理,搭建了IPP协议的嵌入式软硬件执行环境,并对IPP协议的基本功能作了测试。
实验过程主要分成硬件设计和软件设计两部分。硬件系统的核心选择了Atmel公司的RISC结构的ATmega128单片机,并对功能作了必要的扩展,附录部分给出了全部的硬件原理图。文中对以太网芯片LAN91C111硬件原理及驱动算法流程作了详细的说明,并对硬件测试的一些细节作了描述,例如测试顺序,测试过程中的难点等。软件上移植了免费的Nut/OS为操作系统,对内核作了剖析,并说明了Nut/net下LAN91C111网络驱动程序的接口机制。接着分析了Nut/net的TCP/IP协议栈的实现原理,并对网络应用程序编程接口socket作了说明。本文实验选取了IPP协议必须实现的6个操作,验证了IPP协议的网络打印服务器基本功能。本文还对IPP打印系统的网络安全问题作了分析和评估,并提出了一些解决方案。
解决的关键问题包括:LAN91C111与ATmega128接口设计及其驱动程序的开发;Nut/OS内核与板级支持包的剥离;TCP/IP协议栈的定制;嵌入式环境下的IPP协议基本功能的实现。实验证明本方案切实可行,不但解决了IPP协议在嵌入式环境中的实现问题,而且也为设计通用的嵌入式网络打印接口找到了新的途径。
Based on HTTP, IPP (Internet Printing Protocol) acts as an application layer protocol. The latest version 1.1 of IPP was issued by IETF in 2000. End users' printing tasks can be distributed and managed over the Internet. In this paper, the fundament of IPP is studied, and the embedded hardware and software for IPP are constructed as well. Meanwhile, the essential function of IPP is tested.
The experimental work is divided into two parts: hardware design and software design.The ATmega128 chip containing the AVR core is extended with interfaces to the LAN91C111 Ethernet chip and SPP (Standard Parallel Port). As for the software, free Nut/OS is chosen to multitask complex programmes. TCP/IP stack of Nut/net is analyzed and its API of Socket is used to implement the IPP server. Six required operations of IPP are adopted and tested. Furthermore, the network security risks of IPP are analyzed and estimated, and some suggestions on the security risks are put forward.
On the basis of constrained hardware and software, the procedure to achieve IPP server is described. The resolved problems mainly include the following cases: (1)The hardware interface and its driver are designed; (2) the kernel of Nut/OS from BSP (Board Support Package) is extracted ;(3) the TCP/IP stack from Nut/net is customized and a scheme of IPP is implemented. Experiments not only show the proposed scheme is realizable, but also provide a new method for the design of the universal embedded network printing module.
实验过程主要分成硬件设计和软件设计两部分。硬件系统的核心选择了Atmel公司的RISC结构的ATmega128单片机,并对功能作了必要的扩展,附录部分给出了全部的硬件原理图。文中对以太网芯片LAN91C111硬件原理及驱动算法流程作了详细的说明,并对硬件测试的一些细节作了描述,例如测试顺序,测试过程中的难点等。软件上移植了免费的Nut/OS为操作系统,对内核作了剖析,并说明了Nut/net下LAN91C111网络驱动程序的接口机制。接着分析了Nut/net的TCP/IP协议栈的实现原理,并对网络应用程序编程接口socket作了说明。本文实验选取了IPP协议必须实现的6个操作,验证了IPP协议的网络打印服务器基本功能。本文还对IPP打印系统的网络安全问题作了分析和评估,并提出了一些解决方案。
解决的关键问题包括:LAN91C111与ATmega128接口设计及其驱动程序的开发;Nut/OS内核与板级支持包的剥离;TCP/IP协议栈的定制;嵌入式环境下的IPP协议基本功能的实现。实验证明本方案切实可行,不但解决了IPP协议在嵌入式环境中的实现问题,而且也为设计通用的嵌入式网络打印接口找到了新的途径。
Based on HTTP, IPP (Internet Printing Protocol) acts as an application layer protocol. The latest version 1.1 of IPP was issued by IETF in 2000. End users' printing tasks can be distributed and managed over the Internet. In this paper, the fundament of IPP is studied, and the embedded hardware and software for IPP are constructed as well. Meanwhile, the essential function of IPP is tested.
The experimental work is divided into two parts: hardware design and software design.The ATmega128 chip containing the AVR core is extended with interfaces to the LAN91C111 Ethernet chip and SPP (Standard Parallel Port). As for the software, free Nut/OS is chosen to multitask complex programmes. TCP/IP stack of Nut/net is analyzed and its API of Socket is used to implement the IPP server. Six required operations of IPP are adopted and tested. Furthermore, the network security risks of IPP are analyzed and estimated, and some suggestions on the security risks are put forward.
On the basis of constrained hardware and software, the procedure to achieve IPP server is described. The resolved problems mainly include the following cases: (1)The hardware interface and its driver are designed; (2) the kernel of Nut/OS from BSP (Board Support Package) is extracted ;(3) the TCP/IP stack from Nut/net is customized and a scheme of IPP is implemented. Experiments not only show the proposed scheme is realizable, but also provide a new method for the design of the universal embedded network printing module.
引文
[1] Manros, Carl-Uno, Shockey, Richard.Transport of document images over the Internet. Proceedings of the 2000 Internet Imaging[J],2000,3964: 121-133
[2] Peter Michalek, Michael Sweet. Implementing an IPP client and server for Linux[J]. StandardView, 1998,6(4):164-171
[3] Adam Dunkels.Full TCP/IP for 8-bit architectures. Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Mobile systems[C].California: ACM, 2003. 85-98.
[4] egnite Software GmbH: Documents of Nut/OS and Nut/net[EB/OL]. Germany,[2005.9.10]. http://www.ethernut.de
[5] RFC2567, Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol[S]
[6] 马潮.高档 8 位单片机 ATmega 128 原理与开发应用指南[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.12
[7] RFC2568, Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the Internet Printing Protocol[S]
[8] RFC2911, Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Model and Semantics[S]
[9] RFC 2910, Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Encoding and Transport[S]
[10]匡晓雪.分布式打印环境和 Internet 打印技术[J].计算机工程与应用,2001,(1):105
[11] Atmel Corp.ATmega128 datasheet[EB/OL]. Atmel Corporation, 2001
[12] Korbel, Stanislav, Janes etc. Interesting applications of atmel AYR microcontrollers[C]// Dept. of Comp. Sci. and Engineering Czech Technical University. Proceedings of the EUROMICRO Systems on Digital System Design Rennes, France, 2004
[13] Wayne Wolf.嵌入式计算系统设计原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.2
[14]王力虎, 李红波.PC 控制及接口程序设计实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.4
[15] SMSC Corp. LAN91C111 datasheet [EB/OL]. SMSC Corporation,2004
[16] Dhananjay V. Gadre.并行端口编程[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2000.9
[17] Andrew S. Tanenbaum. Modern operating systems = 现代操作系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[18]沈文,黄力岱,吴宗锋.AVR 单片机 C 语言开发应用实例-TCP/IP 篇[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.7
[19] Daniel W. Lewis.嵌入式软件基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.5
[20] Jun Sun,Wanghong Yuan,Mahesh Kallahalla,etc. HAIL: a language for easy and correct device access International[C]// ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems.International Conference On Embedded Software. New York, NY, USA: ACM Press, 2005:1-9
[21] Comer,D.E..用 TCP/IP 进行网际互连 [M].北京:电子工业出版社,1998.4
[22] RFC2616,Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1[S]
[23] Jones M.T..嵌入式系统 TCP/IP 应用层协议[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[24]RFC2569, Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Implementer's Guide[S]
[25] Alasdair Kemp.Embedded systems:the other problem[J].Computers & Security vol.16,1997
[26] Dimitrios N. Serpanos, Haris Lekatsas, Security in embedded systems: Design challenges, ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)[J], August 2004, pp. 461-491
[27] Tettero . Information Security Embedded in the Dsign of Telematics Systems[J]. Computer & Security, vol.16, No.2,1997
[28] Bart brkekman, Edwin Notenboom.Testing Embedded Software[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[29] Prasanth Ganesan, Ramnath Venugopalan, Pushkin Peddabachagari, etc. Analyzing and modeling encryption overhead for sensor network nodes[C]// Association for Computing Machinery.International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM Press, 2003:151 - 159
[30] Harding, Andrew, SSL Virtual Private Networks[J], Computers and Security, Volume: 22, Issue: 5, July, 2003, pp. 416-420
[31] 裴新凤 , 吴健 , 薛贺 . 嵌入式 SSL 协议的制定与实现 . 计算机应用[J],2004,24(6)
[32] Dickerson, Damian, Yoon, etc. Efficient RC4 based encryption system for sensor network[C]// Computer Science Dept. North Carolina A and T State University.Proceedings of SPIE. Orlando, FL, United States, 2005
[33] Davis, Carlton R. IPSec: Securing VPNs[M]. California USA:The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2001
[34] Philip Koopman.Embedded System Security.Computer, July, 2004:95-97
[2] Peter Michalek, Michael Sweet. Implementing an IPP client and server for Linux[J]. StandardView, 1998,6(4):164-171
[3] Adam Dunkels.Full TCP/IP for 8-bit architectures. Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Mobile systems[C].California: ACM, 2003. 85-98.
[4] egnite Software GmbH: Documents of Nut/OS and Nut/net[EB/OL]. Germany,[2005.9.10]. http://www.ethernut.de
[5] RFC2567, Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol[S]
[6] 马潮.高档 8 位单片机 ATmega 128 原理与开发应用指南[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.12
[7] RFC2568, Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the Internet Printing Protocol[S]
[8] RFC2911, Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Model and Semantics[S]
[9] RFC 2910, Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Encoding and Transport[S]
[10]匡晓雪.分布式打印环境和 Internet 打印技术[J].计算机工程与应用,2001,(1):105
[11] Atmel Corp.ATmega128 datasheet[EB/OL]. Atmel Corporation, 2001
[12] Korbel, Stanislav, Janes etc. Interesting applications of atmel AYR microcontrollers[C]// Dept. of Comp. Sci. and Engineering Czech Technical University. Proceedings of the EUROMICRO Systems on Digital System Design Rennes, France, 2004
[13] Wayne Wolf.嵌入式计算系统设计原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.2
[14]王力虎, 李红波.PC 控制及接口程序设计实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.4
[15] SMSC Corp. LAN91C111 datasheet [EB/OL]. SMSC Corporation,2004
[16] Dhananjay V. Gadre.并行端口编程[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2000.9
[17] Andrew S. Tanenbaum. Modern operating systems = 现代操作系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[18]沈文,黄力岱,吴宗锋.AVR 单片机 C 语言开发应用实例-TCP/IP 篇[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.7
[19] Daniel W. Lewis.嵌入式软件基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.5
[20] Jun Sun,Wanghong Yuan,Mahesh Kallahalla,etc. HAIL: a language for easy and correct device access International[C]// ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems.International Conference On Embedded Software. New York, NY, USA: ACM Press, 2005:1-9
[21] Comer,D.E..用 TCP/IP 进行网际互连 [M].北京:电子工业出版社,1998.4
[22] RFC2616,Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1[S]
[23] Jones M.T..嵌入式系统 TCP/IP 应用层协议[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[24]RFC2569, Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Implementer's Guide[S]
[25] Alasdair Kemp.Embedded systems:the other problem[J].Computers & Security vol.16,1997
[26] Dimitrios N. Serpanos, Haris Lekatsas, Security in embedded systems: Design challenges, ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)[J], August 2004, pp. 461-491
[27] Tettero . Information Security Embedded in the Dsign of Telematics Systems[J]. Computer & Security, vol.16, No.2,1997
[28] Bart brkekman, Edwin Notenboom.Testing Embedded Software[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[29] Prasanth Ganesan, Ramnath Venugopalan, Pushkin Peddabachagari, etc. Analyzing and modeling encryption overhead for sensor network nodes[C]// Association for Computing Machinery.International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM Press, 2003:151 - 159
[30] Harding, Andrew, SSL Virtual Private Networks[J], Computers and Security, Volume: 22, Issue: 5, July, 2003, pp. 416-420
[31] 裴新凤 , 吴健 , 薛贺 . 嵌入式 SSL 协议的制定与实现 . 计算机应用[J],2004,24(6)
[32] Dickerson, Damian, Yoon, etc. Efficient RC4 based encryption system for sensor network[C]// Computer Science Dept. North Carolina A and T State University.Proceedings of SPIE. Orlando, FL, United States, 2005
[33] Davis, Carlton R. IPSec: Securing VPNs[M]. California USA:The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2001
[34] Philip Koopman.Embedded System Security.Computer, July, 2004:95-97