安全评价在某化工企业中的应用研究
摘要
中国经济高速地发展,但反映社会文明和进步的安全管理却远远落后于经济发展。良好的生产安全和职业安全业绩,是人们追求的生活需要,是企业发展的需要,是推动社会经济发展的重要前提。化工企业有自身的流程和特点,在运行和管理过程中有许多不安全的行为和不安全的状态。
本文以帝国化学公司的精细化工厂为背景,运用安全评价的理论,组织员工对公司的各个岗位进行安全评价,识别重大安全风险因素,有针对性地采取纠正预防措施,消灭或降低安全风险,重要工作如下。
1.分析我国的安全现状,和国外安全生产情况相比较,发现我国的安全管理的差距,并分析其中的原因。
2.根据安全评价的各种理论,结合公司的实际情况,选择事故树、道化学评价法、工作安全评价法作为我们安全评价的基础。结合公司的工艺流程和实际工作情况,修订评价的标准。并结合独立的安全保护层理论,评估现有的安全措施是否能够降低安全风险。根据工作安全评价的结果,识别重大安全风险因素,制定纠正预防措施。
The economy of China grows rapidly,however,the safety management reflecting civilization and progress of society lags behind.Good performance of production safety and occupational safety meets the needs of people,development of enterprises and society. There are unsafe conditions and unsafe behaviors in chemical manufacturing companies due to process and materials.
This article evaluates the safety of ICI Specialty Chemical Plant based on the theories of safety risk assessment.According to the report of safety assessment,identify the critical safety risks and take corrective and preventive actions to eliminate or reduce safety risk. The main advantages of the article are as below,
1.Analyze the current safety performance of China,compared with that of other countries.Find the gaps of safety management and analyze the causes.
2.Based on the theories of safety risk assessment,select fault tree analysis,Dow Fire/explosion Index,Graham-Kinney Risk Assessment as the method to conduct safety analysis of the company.Modify the criteria of Job Safety Analysis to meet the actual process and situation.Utilize the theory of Independent Protection Layer Theory to mitigate the risk to acceptable level.According to the results of assessment,identify the critical safety risks and take corrective and preventive measures.
本文以帝国化学公司的精细化工厂为背景,运用安全评价的理论,组织员工对公司的各个岗位进行安全评价,识别重大安全风险因素,有针对性地采取纠正预防措施,消灭或降低安全风险,重要工作如下。
1.分析我国的安全现状,和国外安全生产情况相比较,发现我国的安全管理的差距,并分析其中的原因。
2.根据安全评价的各种理论,结合公司的实际情况,选择事故树、道化学评价法、工作安全评价法作为我们安全评价的基础。结合公司的工艺流程和实际工作情况,修订评价的标准。并结合独立的安全保护层理论,评估现有的安全措施是否能够降低安全风险。根据工作安全评价的结果,识别重大安全风险因素,制定纠正预防措施。
The economy of China grows rapidly,however,the safety management reflecting civilization and progress of society lags behind.Good performance of production safety and occupational safety meets the needs of people,development of enterprises and society. There are unsafe conditions and unsafe behaviors in chemical manufacturing companies due to process and materials.
This article evaluates the safety of ICI Specialty Chemical Plant based on the theories of safety risk assessment.According to the report of safety assessment,identify the critical safety risks and take corrective and preventive actions to eliminate or reduce safety risk. The main advantages of the article are as below,
1.Analyze the current safety performance of China,compared with that of other countries.Find the gaps of safety management and analyze the causes.
2.Based on the theories of safety risk assessment,select fault tree analysis,Dow Fire/explosion Index,Graham-Kinney Risk Assessment as the method to conduct safety analysis of the company.Modify the criteria of Job Safety Analysis to meet the actual process and situation.Utilize the theory of Independent Protection Layer Theory to mitigate the risk to acceptable level.According to the results of assessment,identify the critical safety risks and take corrective and preventive measures.
引文
[1]安全监管总局调度统计司.2006年全国各类伤亡事故情况[EB/OL].:安全监管总局政府网站安全分析,2007/01/11
[2]安全监管总局调度统计司.2006年全国各类伤亡事故情况[EB/OL].:安全监管总局政府网站安全分析,2007/01/11;2005年全国各类安全生产伤亡事故情况[EB/OL].:安全监管总局政府网站安全分析,2006/01/04;2004年各地安全生产指标情况[EB/OL].:安全监管总局政府网站安全分析,2005/01/21;2003年全国安全生产形势通报[EB/OL].:安全监管总局政府网站安全分析,2004/03/10;2002年全国安全生产形势通报[EB/OL].:安全监管总局政府网站安全分析,2002/12/31;2001年全国伤亡事故情况分析[EB/OL].:安全监管总局政府网站安全分析,2001/12/27。
[3]U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics(U.S.Department of Labor).Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries[EB/OL].:http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshcfoil.htm#charts,2007
[4]UK HSE,UK Health and Safety Commission.Statistics of Fatal Injuies of 2006/07[EB/OL].http://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/fatals.htm,September 27 2007
[5]UK HSE,UK Health and Safety Commission.Statistics of workplace fatalities and injuries across the European Union[EB/OL].:http://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/european/fatal.htm,July 30 2007
[6]Paivi Hamalainen.Global Estimates of Occupational Accidents [EB/OL].:http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework /accidis/index.ht m,March 1 2007
[7]卫生部.2006年职业病报告情况和职业病危害形势[EB/OL].:http://www.moh.gov.cn/newshtml/18807.htm,2007-4-29:
[8]Applied Technology Division of E.I.Du Pont de Numours &Company.A Safety Training Observation Program[M].Copyright(?)1976 by E.I.Du Pont de Nemours & Co.Wilmington,Delaware 19989,1976:P1-3.
[9]Applied Technology Division of E.I.Du Pont de Numours &Company.A Safety Training Observation Program[M].Copyright(?)1976 by E.I.Du Pont de Nemours & Co.Wilmington,Delaware 19989, 1976:P1-5.
[10]任建国.安全评价的起源和发展[J].安全保护,2005,:38-39.
[11]廖学品.化工过程危险性分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000:32-45.
[12]王剑青 石志明.推行JHA模板 树立职工危害意识[J].安全健康和环境,2005,9:3-5
[13]U.S OSHA.Job Hazard Analysis[EB/OL].:http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3071.html,2005-12-16:
[14]Kletz,T.A.Hazop - Past and Future[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety,1997,55:263-266
[15]GB/T 28001-2001.职业健康安全管理体系--规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2001:
[16]徐伟平,刘鑫.作业条件危险性评价在实际中的应用[J].安全健康和环境,2004,46,:9-9
[17]姜春明,赵文芳.Hazop风险分析方法[J].安全健康和环境,2006,6,:35-37
[18]CCPS.Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedure[M].American Institute of Chemical Engineers,New York,1992.
[19]CCPS.Inherently Safer Chemical Processes[M].American Institute of Chemical Engineers,New York,1996:8-10
[20]道化学公司,火灾、爆炸指数评价法[M].北京:化工出版社,1996
[2]安全监管总局调度统计司.2006年全国各类伤亡事故情况[EB/OL].:安全监管总局政府网站安全分析,2007/01/11;2005年全国各类安全生产伤亡事故情况[EB/OL].:安全监管总局政府网站安全分析,2006/01/04;2004年各地安全生产指标情况[EB/OL].:安全监管总局政府网站安全分析,2005/01/21;2003年全国安全生产形势通报[EB/OL].:安全监管总局政府网站安全分析,2004/03/10;2002年全国安全生产形势通报[EB/OL].:安全监管总局政府网站安全分析,2002/12/31;2001年全国伤亡事故情况分析[EB/OL].:安全监管总局政府网站安全分析,2001/12/27。
[3]U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics(U.S.Department of Labor).Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries[EB/OL].:http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshcfoil.htm#charts,2007
[4]UK HSE,UK Health and Safety Commission.Statistics of Fatal Injuies of 2006/07[EB/OL].http://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/fatals.htm,September 27 2007
[5]UK HSE,UK Health and Safety Commission.Statistics of workplace fatalities and injuries across the European Union[EB/OL].:http://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/european/fatal.htm,July 30 2007
[6]Paivi Hamalainen.Global Estimates of Occupational Accidents [EB/OL].:http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework /accidis/index.ht m,March 1 2007
[7]卫生部.2006年职业病报告情况和职业病危害形势[EB/OL].:http://www.moh.gov.cn/newshtml/18807.htm,2007-4-29:
[8]Applied Technology Division of E.I.Du Pont de Numours &Company.A Safety Training Observation Program[M].Copyright(?)1976 by E.I.Du Pont de Nemours & Co.Wilmington,Delaware 19989,1976:P1-3.
[9]Applied Technology Division of E.I.Du Pont de Numours &Company.A Safety Training Observation Program[M].Copyright(?)1976 by E.I.Du Pont de Nemours & Co.Wilmington,Delaware 19989, 1976:P1-5.
[10]任建国.安全评价的起源和发展[J].安全保护,2005,:38-39.
[11]廖学品.化工过程危险性分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000:32-45.
[12]王剑青 石志明.推行JHA模板 树立职工危害意识[J].安全健康和环境,2005,9:3-5
[13]U.S OSHA.Job Hazard Analysis[EB/OL].:http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3071.html,2005-12-16:
[14]Kletz,T.A.Hazop - Past and Future[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety,1997,55:263-266
[15]GB/T 28001-2001.职业健康安全管理体系--规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2001:
[16]徐伟平,刘鑫.作业条件危险性评价在实际中的应用[J].安全健康和环境,2004,46,:9-9
[17]姜春明,赵文芳.Hazop风险分析方法[J].安全健康和环境,2006,6,:35-37
[18]CCPS.Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedure[M].American Institute of Chemical Engineers,New York,1992.
[19]CCPS.Inherently Safer Chemical Processes[M].American Institute of Chemical Engineers,New York,1996:8-10
[20]道化学公司,火灾、爆炸指数评价法[M].北京:化工出版社,1996