引入TPL前后的VMI集成库存模型研究
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摘要
随着市场的日益全球化,市场竞争演化为供应链与供应链之间的竞争,供应链成员之间的战略合作显得尤为重要。作为一种合作性策略,供应商管理库存(在企业中的应用越来越普遍。实施能使买方获得降低库存、提高服务水平等好处,但往往导致供应商库存管理的负担加重,尤其是供应商面临多家买方时。为了减轻负担,供应商会考虑在供应链中引入第三方物流( ,将运作中的物流业务外包给合适的第三方物流服务商。
本文通过综述国内外关于供应商管理库存、第三方物流和集成库存模型的相关研究文献,提出论文研究的切入点是系统怎样进行补货决策以及的引入对供应链成本的影响。论文通过数学模型论证了集成库存管理比单纯实施效果更好,为构建集成库存模型提供了理论依据;接着针对单供应商环境,提出了四种补货策略,并分别建立考虑原材料及产品的集成库存模型;然后在供应链中引入构建包含一个供应商、一个和多个订货商的集成库存模型。基于此,论文给出了每个模型的求解算法,并对所有模型进行算例分析,探讨供应商生产率、单位产品持有成本及订货成本等重要参数对供应链成本的影响以及的引入给供应链成本带来的变化,得出本文结论,为系统的改进提供了理论参考。VMI)VMITPL) VMI VMI TPLVMI VMIVMI -多订货商VMI VMIVMI TPL, TPLVMI-TPLTPLTPL VMIVMI
As market globalized increasingly, market competition evolves into competition between supply chains. Strategic cooperation among supply chain members becomes much important. As a cooperative policy, vendor-managed inventory(VMI) is prevailing. Although buyers will get lots of profits, such as cutting inventory, enhancing customer service level under VMI,it aggravates supplier’s burdens. In order to mitigate burdens, supplier will consider introducing third-party logistics(TPL) in supply chain, and outsources logistics operations in VMI to appropriate third-party logistics provider.
This thesis reviews literatures on VMI, TPL and integrated inventory models, proposes penetration point of this research, which is replenishment decisions of VMI system and effects of introducing TPL on total cost of VMI supply chain. It is proved that integrated inventory management is better than VMI using analytical models, which is the theoretical foundation of VMI integrated inventory model. Then four replenishment policies were proposed which are fit for single supplier-multiple buyers VMI system, and four models are developed where both raw materials and finished products are considered. Then the thesis introduces TPL in VMI supply chain, and establishes a VMI-TPL model where includes one supplier, one TPL provider and multiple buyers. Based on these, algorithms are proposed, and numerical results are showed. Finally, the thesis analyses the influence of key parameters such as production rate of supplier, carrying cost per unit held per unit time for TPL, ordering cost per TPL order, and how does TPL affect supply chain’s cost, and then draws the conclusions, which provides a theoretical reference for improving VMI system.
本文通过综述国内外关于供应商管理库存、第三方物流和集成库存模型的相关研究文献,提出论文研究的切入点是系统怎样进行补货决策以及的引入对供应链成本的影响。论文通过数学模型论证了集成库存管理比单纯实施效果更好,为构建集成库存模型提供了理论依据;接着针对单供应商环境,提出了四种补货策略,并分别建立考虑原材料及产品的集成库存模型;然后在供应链中引入构建包含一个供应商、一个和多个订货商的集成库存模型。基于此,论文给出了每个模型的求解算法,并对所有模型进行算例分析,探讨供应商生产率、单位产品持有成本及订货成本等重要参数对供应链成本的影响以及的引入给供应链成本带来的变化,得出本文结论,为系统的改进提供了理论参考。VMI)VMITPL) VMI VMI TPLVMI VMIVMI -多订货商VMI VMIVMI TPL, TPLVMI-TPLTPLTPL VMIVMI
As market globalized increasingly, market competition evolves into competition between supply chains. Strategic cooperation among supply chain members becomes much important. As a cooperative policy, vendor-managed inventory(VMI) is prevailing. Although buyers will get lots of profits, such as cutting inventory, enhancing customer service level under VMI,it aggravates supplier’s burdens. In order to mitigate burdens, supplier will consider introducing third-party logistics(TPL) in supply chain, and outsources logistics operations in VMI to appropriate third-party logistics provider.
This thesis reviews literatures on VMI, TPL and integrated inventory models, proposes penetration point of this research, which is replenishment decisions of VMI system and effects of introducing TPL on total cost of VMI supply chain. It is proved that integrated inventory management is better than VMI using analytical models, which is the theoretical foundation of VMI integrated inventory model. Then four replenishment policies were proposed which are fit for single supplier-multiple buyers VMI system, and four models are developed where both raw materials and finished products are considered. Then the thesis introduces TPL in VMI supply chain, and establishes a VMI-TPL model where includes one supplier, one TPL provider and multiple buyers. Based on these, algorithms are proposed, and numerical results are showed. Finally, the thesis analyses the influence of key parameters such as production rate of supplier, carrying cost per unit held per unit time for TPL, ordering cost per TPL order, and how does TPL affect supply chain’s cost, and then draws the conclusions, which provides a theoretical reference for improving VMI system.
引文
[1] Achabal, D.D., McIntyre, S.H., Smith, S.A. et al. A decision support system for vendor managed inventory[J]. Journal of Retailing, 2000, 76(4): 430-454.
[2] Andel, T. Manage inventory, own information[J]. Transportation and Distribution 1996, 37(5): 54-58.
[3] Angulo, A., Nachtmann, H., Waller, M.A. Supply chain information sharing in a vendor managed inventory partnership[J].Journal of Business Logistics, 2004, 25(1): 101-120.
[4] Banerjee, A. A joint economic lot size model for purchaser and vendor[J]. Decision Sciences, 1986, 17(3): 292-311.
[5] Banerjee, A., Kim, S.L., Burton, J. Supply chain coordination through effective multi-stage inventory linkages in a JIT environment[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2007, 108(1/2): 271-280.
[6] Ben-Daya, M., Hariga, M. Integrated single vendor single buyer model with stochastic demand and variable lead time[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2004, 92(1): 75-80.
[7] Cachon, G.P., Fisher, M. Campbell soup’s continuous replenishment program: evaluation and enhanced inventory decision rules[J]. Production and Operation Management, 1997, 6(3): 266-276.
[8] Cachon, G.P. Stock wars: inventory competition in a two echelon supply chain with multiple retailers[J]. Operations Research, 2001, 49(5): 658-674.
[9] Cetinkaya, S., Lee C.Y. Stock Replenishment and Shipment Scheduling for Vendor Managed Inventory Systems[J]. Management Science, 2000, 46(2): 217-232.
[10] Chen, L.H., Kang, F.S. Integrated vendor–buyer cooperative inventory models with variant permissible delay in payments[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2007, 183(2): 658-673.
[11] Clark, T.H., Hammond, J.H. Reengineering channel reordering process to improve total supply chain performance[J]. Production and Operation Management, 1997, 6(3): 248-265.
[12] Cooke, J.A. VMI: very mixed impact[J]. Logistics Management and Distribution Report, 1998, 37(12): 51-85.
[13] Cottrill, K. Reforging the supply chain[J]. Journal of Business Strategy, 1997, 18(6): 35-39.
[14] Disney, S.M., Towill, D.R. The effect of vendor managed inventory(VMI) dynamics on the Bullwhip Effect in supply chains[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2003, 85(2): 199-215.
[15] Dong, Y., Xu, K., A supply chain model of vendor managed inventory[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2002, 38(2): 75-95.
[16] ECR Best Practices Operating Committee. Category management report-enhancing consumer value in the grocery industry[R]. Joint Industry Project on Efficient Consumer Response, 1995, USA.
[17] Emigh, J. Vendor managed inventory[J]. Computerworld, 1999, 33(34): 52.
[18] Fry, M.J., Kapuscinski, R. Tava Lennon Olsen. Coordinating Production and Delivery Under a (z, Z)-Type Vendor-Managed Inventory[J]. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 2001, 3(2): 151-174.
[19] Gerber, N. Objective comparisons of consignment, just-in-time, and stockless[J]. Hospital Material Management Quarterly, 1991, 13(1): 10-17.
[20] Goyal, S.K. An integrated inventory model for a single supplier single customer problem [J]. International Journal of Production Research, 1977, 15(1): 107-111.
[21] Goyal, S.K. A joint economic-lot-size model for purchaser and vendor: a comment[J]. Decision Sciences, 1988, 19(1): 236-241.
[22] Goyal, S.K. A one vendor multi-buyer integrated inventory model: a comment[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1995, 82(1):209-210.
[23] Goyal, S.K., Nebebe, F. Determination of economic production-shipment policy for a single-vendor-single-buyer system[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2000, 121(1): 175-178.
[24] Heard, E. Quick response: technology or knowledge[J]. Industrial Engineering, 1994, 26(8): 28-30.
[25] Hill, R.M. The single-vendor singer-buyer integrated production-inventory model with a generalized policy[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1997, 97(3): 493-499.
[26] Holweg, M., Disney, S., Holmstr?m, J. et al. Supply chain collaboration: making sense of the strategy continuum[J]. European Management Journal, 2005, 23(2): 170-181.
[27] Jalbar, B.A., Gutiérrez, J.M., Sicilia J. An integrated inventory model for the single-vendor two-buyers problem[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2007, 108(1/2): 246-258.
[28] Joglekar, P.N. Comments on‘a quantity discount pricing model to increase vendor profits’[J]. Management Science, 1998, 34(11): 1391-1398.
[29] Khouja, M. Optimizing inventory decisions in a multi-stage multi-customer supply chain[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2003, 39(3): 193-208.
[30] Kuk, G. Effectiveness of vendor-managed inventory in the electronics industry: determinants and outcomes[J]. Information & Management, 2004, 41(5): 645-654.
[31] Lamb, M.R. Vendor managed inventory: customers like the possibilities[J]. Metal Center News, 1997, 37(2): 42-49.
[32] Lee, H., Padmanabhan, P. Whang, S. Information distortion in a supply chain: the bullwhip effect[J]. Management Science, 1997, 43(4): 546-558.
[33] Lu, L. A one-vendor multi-buyer integrated inventory model[J]. European Journal ofOperation Research, 1995, 81(2): 313-323.
[34] Magee, J.F. Production Planning and Inventory Control[M]. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1958: 80-83.
[35] Moinzadeh, K. A multi-echelon inventory system with information exchange[J]. Management Science, 2002, 48(3): 414-426.
[36] Nchiappan, S.P., Jawahar, N. A genetic algorithm for optimal operating parameter of VMI system in a two-echelon supply chain[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2007, 182(3): 38-24.
[37] Sari, K. Exploring the benefits of vendor managed inventory[J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution&Logistics Management, 2007, 37(7): 529-545.
[38] Viswanathan, S. Optimal strategy for the integrated vendor–buyer inventory model[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1998, 105(1): 38-42.
[39] Vlist, P., Kuik, R., Verheijen, B. Note on supply chain integration in vendor-managed inventory[J]. Decision Support Systems, 2007, 44(1): 360-365.
[40] Waller, M., Johnson, M.E., Davis, T. Vendor-managed inventory in the retail supply chain[J]. Journal of Business Logistics 1999, 20(1): 183-203.
[41] Wee, H.M., Yang, P.C. The optimal and heuristic solutions of a distribution network [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2004, 158(3): 626-632.
[42] Weng, Z.K. Channel coordination and quantity discount[J]. Management Science, 1995, 41(9): 1509-1522.
[43] Woo, Y.Y., Hsu, S.L., Wu, S. An integrated inventory model for a single vendor and multiple buyers with ordering costs reduction[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2001, 73(3): 203-215.
[44] Yao, M.J., Chiou C.C. On a replenishment coordination model in an integrated supply chain with one vendor and multiple buyers[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2004, 159(2): 406-419.
[45] Yao, Y., Evers, P.T., Dresner, M.E. Supply chain integration in vendor-managedinventory[J]. Decision Support Systems, 2007, 43(2): 663-674.
[46] Zhang, T., Liang, L., Yu, Y. et al. An integrated vendor-managed inventory model for a two-echelon system with order cost reduction[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2007, 109(1/2): 241-253.
[47] Zhou, Y.W., Wang, S.D. Optimal production and shipment models for a single-vendor single-buyer integrated system[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2007, 180(1): 309-328.
[48]刘文,袁佳瑞.VMI [J].中国管理科学, 2003, 11(5): 31-36.丽环境下库存与发货模型研究佑集成化供应链优化研究燕集成化供应链优化研究海策略下关于供应商管理库存机制的一个探讨虑最终产品变质的供应商管理库存集管理科学玉生产能力和原材料采购的中国科技大学学报梅模型优化研究相作
[49]李华.基于两供应商与单制造商VMI-TPL [D].华中科技大学, 2008.
[50]谭娥.基于单供应商与两制造商VMI-TPL [D].华中科技大学, 2008.
[51]吴文祥.VMI供应链系统的经济效果评价研究[J].管理评论, 2003, 15(6): 55-58.
[52]杨阳.基于第三方物流的供应商管理库存研究[D].华中科技大学, 2006.
[53]夏洋,黄培清.“批对批”[J].管理工程学报, 2008, 22(4): 113-120.
[54]余玉刚,梁樑,王晨等.一种考成模型[J].中国, 2004, 12(2): 32-37.
[55]余刚,梁樑,徐克安等.考虑产品价格、VMI系统集成[J]., 2006, 36(7): 783-787.
[56]张艳,高远洋.引入第三方物流的VMI [J].管理学报, 2007(1): 53-56.
[57]张斌,杨德礼.供应链系统重构模式研究[J].工业工程与管理, 2002(1): 25-28.
[58]张恩.供应商管理库存对第三方物流企业的机遇和要求[J].煤矿现代化, 2003(2): 3-4.
[2] Andel, T. Manage inventory, own information[J]. Transportation and Distribution 1996, 37(5): 54-58.
[3] Angulo, A., Nachtmann, H., Waller, M.A. Supply chain information sharing in a vendor managed inventory partnership[J].Journal of Business Logistics, 2004, 25(1): 101-120.
[4] Banerjee, A. A joint economic lot size model for purchaser and vendor[J]. Decision Sciences, 1986, 17(3): 292-311.
[5] Banerjee, A., Kim, S.L., Burton, J. Supply chain coordination through effective multi-stage inventory linkages in a JIT environment[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2007, 108(1/2): 271-280.
[6] Ben-Daya, M., Hariga, M. Integrated single vendor single buyer model with stochastic demand and variable lead time[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2004, 92(1): 75-80.
[7] Cachon, G.P., Fisher, M. Campbell soup’s continuous replenishment program: evaluation and enhanced inventory decision rules[J]. Production and Operation Management, 1997, 6(3): 266-276.
[8] Cachon, G.P. Stock wars: inventory competition in a two echelon supply chain with multiple retailers[J]. Operations Research, 2001, 49(5): 658-674.
[9] Cetinkaya, S., Lee C.Y. Stock Replenishment and Shipment Scheduling for Vendor Managed Inventory Systems[J]. Management Science, 2000, 46(2): 217-232.
[10] Chen, L.H., Kang, F.S. Integrated vendor–buyer cooperative inventory models with variant permissible delay in payments[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2007, 183(2): 658-673.
[11] Clark, T.H., Hammond, J.H. Reengineering channel reordering process to improve total supply chain performance[J]. Production and Operation Management, 1997, 6(3): 248-265.
[12] Cooke, J.A. VMI: very mixed impact[J]. Logistics Management and Distribution Report, 1998, 37(12): 51-85.
[13] Cottrill, K. Reforging the supply chain[J]. Journal of Business Strategy, 1997, 18(6): 35-39.
[14] Disney, S.M., Towill, D.R. The effect of vendor managed inventory(VMI) dynamics on the Bullwhip Effect in supply chains[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2003, 85(2): 199-215.
[15] Dong, Y., Xu, K., A supply chain model of vendor managed inventory[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2002, 38(2): 75-95.
[16] ECR Best Practices Operating Committee. Category management report-enhancing consumer value in the grocery industry[R]. Joint Industry Project on Efficient Consumer Response, 1995, USA.
[17] Emigh, J. Vendor managed inventory[J]. Computerworld, 1999, 33(34): 52.
[18] Fry, M.J., Kapuscinski, R. Tava Lennon Olsen. Coordinating Production and Delivery Under a (z, Z)-Type Vendor-Managed Inventory[J]. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 2001, 3(2): 151-174.
[19] Gerber, N. Objective comparisons of consignment, just-in-time, and stockless[J]. Hospital Material Management Quarterly, 1991, 13(1): 10-17.
[20] Goyal, S.K. An integrated inventory model for a single supplier single customer problem [J]. International Journal of Production Research, 1977, 15(1): 107-111.
[21] Goyal, S.K. A joint economic-lot-size model for purchaser and vendor: a comment[J]. Decision Sciences, 1988, 19(1): 236-241.
[22] Goyal, S.K. A one vendor multi-buyer integrated inventory model: a comment[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1995, 82(1):209-210.
[23] Goyal, S.K., Nebebe, F. Determination of economic production-shipment policy for a single-vendor-single-buyer system[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2000, 121(1): 175-178.
[24] Heard, E. Quick response: technology or knowledge[J]. Industrial Engineering, 1994, 26(8): 28-30.
[25] Hill, R.M. The single-vendor singer-buyer integrated production-inventory model with a generalized policy[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1997, 97(3): 493-499.
[26] Holweg, M., Disney, S., Holmstr?m, J. et al. Supply chain collaboration: making sense of the strategy continuum[J]. European Management Journal, 2005, 23(2): 170-181.
[27] Jalbar, B.A., Gutiérrez, J.M., Sicilia J. An integrated inventory model for the single-vendor two-buyers problem[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2007, 108(1/2): 246-258.
[28] Joglekar, P.N. Comments on‘a quantity discount pricing model to increase vendor profits’[J]. Management Science, 1998, 34(11): 1391-1398.
[29] Khouja, M. Optimizing inventory decisions in a multi-stage multi-customer supply chain[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2003, 39(3): 193-208.
[30] Kuk, G. Effectiveness of vendor-managed inventory in the electronics industry: determinants and outcomes[J]. Information & Management, 2004, 41(5): 645-654.
[31] Lamb, M.R. Vendor managed inventory: customers like the possibilities[J]. Metal Center News, 1997, 37(2): 42-49.
[32] Lee, H., Padmanabhan, P. Whang, S. Information distortion in a supply chain: the bullwhip effect[J]. Management Science, 1997, 43(4): 546-558.
[33] Lu, L. A one-vendor multi-buyer integrated inventory model[J]. European Journal ofOperation Research, 1995, 81(2): 313-323.
[34] Magee, J.F. Production Planning and Inventory Control[M]. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1958: 80-83.
[35] Moinzadeh, K. A multi-echelon inventory system with information exchange[J]. Management Science, 2002, 48(3): 414-426.
[36] Nchiappan, S.P., Jawahar, N. A genetic algorithm for optimal operating parameter of VMI system in a two-echelon supply chain[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2007, 182(3): 38-24.
[37] Sari, K. Exploring the benefits of vendor managed inventory[J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution&Logistics Management, 2007, 37(7): 529-545.
[38] Viswanathan, S. Optimal strategy for the integrated vendor–buyer inventory model[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1998, 105(1): 38-42.
[39] Vlist, P., Kuik, R., Verheijen, B. Note on supply chain integration in vendor-managed inventory[J]. Decision Support Systems, 2007, 44(1): 360-365.
[40] Waller, M., Johnson, M.E., Davis, T. Vendor-managed inventory in the retail supply chain[J]. Journal of Business Logistics 1999, 20(1): 183-203.
[41] Wee, H.M., Yang, P.C. The optimal and heuristic solutions of a distribution network [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2004, 158(3): 626-632.
[42] Weng, Z.K. Channel coordination and quantity discount[J]. Management Science, 1995, 41(9): 1509-1522.
[43] Woo, Y.Y., Hsu, S.L., Wu, S. An integrated inventory model for a single vendor and multiple buyers with ordering costs reduction[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2001, 73(3): 203-215.
[44] Yao, M.J., Chiou C.C. On a replenishment coordination model in an integrated supply chain with one vendor and multiple buyers[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2004, 159(2): 406-419.
[45] Yao, Y., Evers, P.T., Dresner, M.E. Supply chain integration in vendor-managedinventory[J]. Decision Support Systems, 2007, 43(2): 663-674.
[46] Zhang, T., Liang, L., Yu, Y. et al. An integrated vendor-managed inventory model for a two-echelon system with order cost reduction[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2007, 109(1/2): 241-253.
[47] Zhou, Y.W., Wang, S.D. Optimal production and shipment models for a single-vendor single-buyer integrated system[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2007, 180(1): 309-328.
[48]刘文,袁佳瑞.VMI [J].中国管理科学, 2003, 11(5): 31-36.丽环境下库存与发货模型研究佑集成化供应链优化研究燕集成化供应链优化研究海策略下关于供应商管理库存机制的一个探讨虑最终产品变质的供应商管理库存集管理科学玉生产能力和原材料采购的中国科技大学学报梅模型优化研究相作
[49]李华.基于两供应商与单制造商VMI-TPL [D].华中科技大学, 2008.
[50]谭娥.基于单供应商与两制造商VMI-TPL [D].华中科技大学, 2008.
[51]吴文祥.VMI供应链系统的经济效果评价研究[J].管理评论, 2003, 15(6): 55-58.
[52]杨阳.基于第三方物流的供应商管理库存研究[D].华中科技大学, 2006.
[53]夏洋,黄培清.“批对批”[J].管理工程学报, 2008, 22(4): 113-120.
[54]余玉刚,梁樑,王晨等.一种考成模型[J].中国, 2004, 12(2): 32-37.
[55]余刚,梁樑,徐克安等.考虑产品价格、VMI系统集成[J]., 2006, 36(7): 783-787.
[56]张艳,高远洋.引入第三方物流的VMI [J].管理学报, 2007(1): 53-56.
[57]张斌,杨德礼.供应链系统重构模式研究[J].工业工程与管理, 2002(1): 25-28.
[58]张恩.供应商管理库存对第三方物流企业的机遇和要求[J].煤矿现代化, 2003(2): 3-4.