电信运营企业经营绩效综合评价研究
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摘要
2008年中国电信业的重组使中国电信运营企业形成了三足鼎立的局面,并给中国电信运营企业带来了新的发展机遇与挑战。新的市场格局的形成,以及3G牌照的发放,使得电信运营企业面临更激烈的竞争。在这种背景下,如何让电信运营企业在未来的竞争中更好地满足市场需求,及时快速地响应变化,不断提高企业的战略执行力和核心竞争力,是电信运营企业实现可持续发展的核心和关键。
企业经营绩效评价作为战略管理和绩效管理的重要组成部分,对企业整体运营与管理具有举足轻重的作用。对电信运营企业的经营绩效进行综合评价,对企业内部管理者来说,可以发现经营管理中存在的问题和不足,有利于企业管理绩效的不断提升；对外部的利益相关者和潜在投资者而言,可以起到导向性的作用,有利于他们进行正确的投资决策。
本文回顾了绩效评价理论的发展历程,并对现行的经营绩效评价方法进行比较研究。在分析了基于财务指标的绩效评价方法和非财务指标绩效评价方法的优劣后,从财务绩效评价方法出发,选取2009年《财富》杂志公布的世界500强企业中入榜的21家电信运营企业为研究对象,针对电信运营企业的特点设计科学有效的经营绩效评价指标体系,运用因子分析模糊综合评价方法,对21家电信运营企业在2008年的经营绩效进行综合评价,并针对评价的结果进行全面的分析和检验。最后,本文聚焦于中国的三大电信运营企业,并以它们为对象进行重点分析,为内部和外部的相关利益者提供了有价值的管理和决策支撑信息。
The restructuring of Chinese telecommunication industry in 2008 resulted in a tripartite confrontation in the market, and brought to them new development opportunities as well as challenges. The formation of the new market structure, along with the issuance of 3G license, allows the telecom operators to face a fiercer competition. Based on this background, it is the key issue for telecom operators to achieve the sustainable development by considering how to satisfy the market demands better and respond to the changes timely and swiftly in future competition, as well as to enhance the enterprises'strategic execution force and core competence.
As an integral part of the strategic management and performance management, corporate operational performance evaluation plays an vital role in the overall corporate operation and management. The evaluation of telecom operators'operational performance has two benefits:To the internal administrators, the evaluation can help them to find the problems and deficiencies in the processes of management, which are conductive to the continuous development of the enterprise's business performance; To the external stakeholders and potential investors, it can orientate them to make the right decisions.
The paper reviews the development of the theory of the operational performance evaluation and compares the current evaluation methods of operational performance evaluation. With a comparison between performance evaluation methods based on financial indicators and which are based on non-financial indicators, the paper decides to target on the view of financial performance evaluation. The paper chooses 21 international telecom operators, which were the 2009 world's top 500 enterprises published by "Fortune", to be the research objects. The paper designs a specific and effective evaluation indicator system and uses factor analysis with fuzzy evaluation method to estimate the operational performance of the 21 telecom operators in 2008. Also, the paper makes a comprehensive analysis and verification which focuses on the evaluation results. Finally, this paper focuses on three telecom incumbents in China and provided valuable management and decision supportive information for both internal and external stakeholders.
企业经营绩效评价作为战略管理和绩效管理的重要组成部分,对企业整体运营与管理具有举足轻重的作用。对电信运营企业的经营绩效进行综合评价,对企业内部管理者来说,可以发现经营管理中存在的问题和不足,有利于企业管理绩效的不断提升；对外部的利益相关者和潜在投资者而言,可以起到导向性的作用,有利于他们进行正确的投资决策。
本文回顾了绩效评价理论的发展历程,并对现行的经营绩效评价方法进行比较研究。在分析了基于财务指标的绩效评价方法和非财务指标绩效评价方法的优劣后,从财务绩效评价方法出发,选取2009年《财富》杂志公布的世界500强企业中入榜的21家电信运营企业为研究对象,针对电信运营企业的特点设计科学有效的经营绩效评价指标体系,运用因子分析模糊综合评价方法,对21家电信运营企业在2008年的经营绩效进行综合评价,并针对评价的结果进行全面的分析和检验。最后,本文聚焦于中国的三大电信运营企业,并以它们为对象进行重点分析,为内部和外部的相关利益者提供了有价值的管理和决策支撑信息。
The restructuring of Chinese telecommunication industry in 2008 resulted in a tripartite confrontation in the market, and brought to them new development opportunities as well as challenges. The formation of the new market structure, along with the issuance of 3G license, allows the telecom operators to face a fiercer competition. Based on this background, it is the key issue for telecom operators to achieve the sustainable development by considering how to satisfy the market demands better and respond to the changes timely and swiftly in future competition, as well as to enhance the enterprises'strategic execution force and core competence.
As an integral part of the strategic management and performance management, corporate operational performance evaluation plays an vital role in the overall corporate operation and management. The evaluation of telecom operators'operational performance has two benefits:To the internal administrators, the evaluation can help them to find the problems and deficiencies in the processes of management, which are conductive to the continuous development of the enterprise's business performance; To the external stakeholders and potential investors, it can orientate them to make the right decisions.
The paper reviews the development of the theory of the operational performance evaluation and compares the current evaluation methods of operational performance evaluation. With a comparison between performance evaluation methods based on financial indicators and which are based on non-financial indicators, the paper decides to target on the view of financial performance evaluation. The paper chooses 21 international telecom operators, which were the 2009 world's top 500 enterprises published by "Fortune", to be the research objects. The paper designs a specific and effective evaluation indicator system and uses factor analysis with fuzzy evaluation method to estimate the operational performance of the 21 telecom operators in 2008. Also, the paper makes a comprehensive analysis and verification which focuses on the evaluation results. Finally, this paper focuses on three telecom incumbents in China and provided valuable management and decision supportive information for both internal and external stakeholders.
引文
[1]强磊.从中国电信业的发展看中国电信的竞争优势变迁.网络财富.2009年1月.36-38.
[2]乔均.企业战略绩效评价研究综述.市场营销导刊.2007年第1期.38-41.
[3]袁智慧、陈险峰.中外企业绩效评价历程及发展.中国农业会计.2005年第4期.18-20.
[4]叶苗苗.中外企业业绩评价体系演进比较与启示.商业时代.2008年2期.46-47.
[5]Cambell JP、Mchenry JJ. Wise Modeling Job Performance in Population of Jobs[J]. Personnel Psychology.1990.43-313.
[6]Motowildlo SJ、Borman WC、Schmit MJ. A Theory of Individual Difference in Task Performance and Contextual Performance[J]. Human Performance. 1997.10(2):71-83.
[7]秦裕英.台湾地区金融控股公司之经营绩效.苏州大学.2007.
[8]孙梅瑞、陈隆麒.台湾上市公司股利政策趋势与公司特性之研究.企业管理学报.2003(66).77-100.
[9]刘元章.企业绩效管理研究.首都经济贸易大学.2004.
[10]何瑛、彭晓峰.国际化进程中电信运营企业实施财务转型的必要性.通信世界.2008年第3期.28-30.
[11]冯丽霞.企业财务分析与业绩评价[M].长沙：湖南人民出版社.2002(4).
[12]王化成、刘俊勇、孙薇.企业业绩评价[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社.2004(9).
[13]克里木江·艾塔洪.企业绩效管理分析与对策研究.新疆农业大学.2007.
[14]刘丽莉.我国电信运营企业经营绩效评价体系研究.北京邮电大学.2007.
[15]常海英.企业财务比率分析.产业与科技论坛.2007年第6卷第10期.153.
[16]梁敦志.企业业绩评价体系中的财务业绩指标与非财务业绩指标关系 研究.北京大学.2007.
[17]陈利.EVA业绩评价透析.南京财经大学学报.2009年第4期.
[18]古银华、王会齐、张亚茜.关键绩效指标(KPI)方法文献综述及有关问题的探讨.内江科技.2008年第2期.26-27.
[19]Robert S.Kaplan、David P.Norton. The Balanced Scorecard- Measures that Drives Performance. Harvard Business Review. January-February.1992.
[20]任福匀.因子分析法在我国股票市场行业投资价值评价中的应用.中南大学.2005.
[21]祝志明、潘杰义、张守华.我国家电行业上市公司经营业绩综合评价研究.金融管理.2004年第1期第16卷.35-39.
[22]张宗强、任敬喜.对2002年度汽车类上市公司投资价值的因子分析.价值工程.2004年第5期.109-112.
[23]李永宁.基于模糊理论的企业知识管理能力评价.科技管理研究.2009年第5期.编号1000-7695(2009)05-0175-03.175-177.
[24]Ying He、Yuying Cao. The New Trend of Financial Process Reengineering: Financial Shared Services, International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security 2009(ISECS 2009), NanChang, China.2009.05.22-24
[25]Yuying Cao、Ying He. The Research on the Integration of Value-based Financial Supply Chain. Conference on Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems(CONFENIS 2008). Springer. The 38th CIE.2008.10.31-11.02
[26]厉建超.平稳增长中期待变革——2008年三大电信运营商年报综述和未来趋势预测.中国电信业.2009年第四期.26-29.
[27]何瑛、彭晓峰.价值管理研究综述.财会通讯·学术.2005年第四期.110-113.
[28]董洪伟.论企业财务精细化管理.财会研究.2009年第11期.133-134.
[29]何瑛、曹宇英.电信运营企业实施财务转型的现状、问题与发展方向——基于问卷调查结果的分析.北京邮电大学学报(社科版).2009年第二期：68-76.
[2]乔均.企业战略绩效评价研究综述.市场营销导刊.2007年第1期.38-41.
[3]袁智慧、陈险峰.中外企业绩效评价历程及发展.中国农业会计.2005年第4期.18-20.
[4]叶苗苗.中外企业业绩评价体系演进比较与启示.商业时代.2008年2期.46-47.
[5]Cambell JP、Mchenry JJ. Wise Modeling Job Performance in Population of Jobs[J]. Personnel Psychology.1990.43-313.
[6]Motowildlo SJ、Borman WC、Schmit MJ. A Theory of Individual Difference in Task Performance and Contextual Performance[J]. Human Performance. 1997.10(2):71-83.
[7]秦裕英.台湾地区金融控股公司之经营绩效.苏州大学.2007.
[8]孙梅瑞、陈隆麒.台湾上市公司股利政策趋势与公司特性之研究.企业管理学报.2003(66).77-100.
[9]刘元章.企业绩效管理研究.首都经济贸易大学.2004.
[10]何瑛、彭晓峰.国际化进程中电信运营企业实施财务转型的必要性.通信世界.2008年第3期.28-30.
[11]冯丽霞.企业财务分析与业绩评价[M].长沙：湖南人民出版社.2002(4).
[12]王化成、刘俊勇、孙薇.企业业绩评价[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社.2004(9).
[13]克里木江·艾塔洪.企业绩效管理分析与对策研究.新疆农业大学.2007.
[14]刘丽莉.我国电信运营企业经营绩效评价体系研究.北京邮电大学.2007.
[15]常海英.企业财务比率分析.产业与科技论坛.2007年第6卷第10期.153.
[16]梁敦志.企业业绩评价体系中的财务业绩指标与非财务业绩指标关系 研究.北京大学.2007.
[17]陈利.EVA业绩评价透析.南京财经大学学报.2009年第4期.
[18]古银华、王会齐、张亚茜.关键绩效指标(KPI)方法文献综述及有关问题的探讨.内江科技.2008年第2期.26-27.
[19]Robert S.Kaplan、David P.Norton. The Balanced Scorecard- Measures that Drives Performance. Harvard Business Review. January-February.1992.
[20]任福匀.因子分析法在我国股票市场行业投资价值评价中的应用.中南大学.2005.
[21]祝志明、潘杰义、张守华.我国家电行业上市公司经营业绩综合评价研究.金融管理.2004年第1期第16卷.35-39.
[22]张宗强、任敬喜.对2002年度汽车类上市公司投资价值的因子分析.价值工程.2004年第5期.109-112.
[23]李永宁.基于模糊理论的企业知识管理能力评价.科技管理研究.2009年第5期.编号1000-7695(2009)05-0175-03.175-177.
[24]Ying He、Yuying Cao. The New Trend of Financial Process Reengineering: Financial Shared Services, International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security 2009(ISECS 2009), NanChang, China.2009.05.22-24
[25]Yuying Cao、Ying He. The Research on the Integration of Value-based Financial Supply Chain. Conference on Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems(CONFENIS 2008). Springer. The 38th CIE.2008.10.31-11.02
[26]厉建超.平稳增长中期待变革——2008年三大电信运营商年报综述和未来趋势预测.中国电信业.2009年第四期.26-29.
[27]何瑛、彭晓峰.价值管理研究综述.财会通讯·学术.2005年第四期.110-113.
[28]董洪伟.论企业财务精细化管理.财会研究.2009年第11期.133-134.
[29]何瑛、曹宇英.电信运营企业实施财务转型的现状、问题与发展方向——基于问卷调查结果的分析.北京邮电大学学报(社科版).2009年第二期：68-76.