典型微环境空气中苯系物的污染特征及来源解析
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摘要
近年来,随着人们对生活质量要求的提高和环境污染的加剧,微环境空气污染已经成为人们最为关心的环境问题之一。苯系物作为微环境中的典型污染物,具有污染来源广泛,作用时间长,污染浓度高和释放周期长等特点,决定了其污染的严重性和复杂性。
本文详细介绍了微环境空气中苯系物研究的进展,以杭州市为重点;系统研究了公共场所微环境、居民家庭微环境和流动微环境空气中苯系物的浓度水平,并结合天津市及日本静冈县苯系物的污染现状进行对比研究,同时估算了杭州市不同职业人群苯系物暴露造成的健康风险;探明了微环境中典型挥发源(湿性涂料)、燃烧源(香烟、蚊香、蜡烛等)和复合源(交通、烹饪、打印)中苯系物的排放系数和特征谱图;探讨了典型微环境中苯系物污染的主要特征、典型来源及源贡献率。
本文的研究建立和完善了典型微环境苯系物污染的特征数据库和典型污染源散发规律数据库,为治理微环境空气中苯系物污染,调控其空气质量,优化建筑物气流组织提供科学依据和理论支持。
Air pollution in microenvironment has become one of the most severe environmental problem in recent years due to the increasing demands of people for comfortable life and the highly polluted indoor environment. As one of the most typical pollutants in microenvironments, monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHC) have many characteristics such as multiply sources, high concentration and long exposure time, that make their pollution more serious and complicate.
In this thesis, the review of MAHC pollution in microenvironment was summarized. MAHC concentrations in public environment, residences and vehicle cabins in Hangzhou, China was studied systematically and compared to the data obtained in Tianjin, China and Shizuoka, Japan. The lifetime carcinogenic risks caused by MAHC exposure was estimated based on former study. The emission factor and characteristics of typical sources such as volatile sources (painting), combustion sources (cigarettes, mosquito coils and candles, etc) and combined sources (traffic, cooking and typing) was also analyzed. The detailed features, typical sources and their contribution to MAHC pollution in residences and buses were discussed as well.
According to our study, the databases of MAHC pollution in typical microenvironment and emission factors for different sources were established and consummated. The scientific basis and theoretical support for controlling MAHC concentrations in microenvironment, improving indoor air quality and optimize air-flow organization in microenvironment could be provided by our results.
本文详细介绍了微环境空气中苯系物研究的进展,以杭州市为重点;系统研究了公共场所微环境、居民家庭微环境和流动微环境空气中苯系物的浓度水平,并结合天津市及日本静冈县苯系物的污染现状进行对比研究,同时估算了杭州市不同职业人群苯系物暴露造成的健康风险;探明了微环境中典型挥发源(湿性涂料)、燃烧源(香烟、蚊香、蜡烛等)和复合源(交通、烹饪、打印)中苯系物的排放系数和特征谱图;探讨了典型微环境中苯系物污染的主要特征、典型来源及源贡献率。
本文的研究建立和完善了典型微环境苯系物污染的特征数据库和典型污染源散发规律数据库,为治理微环境空气中苯系物污染,调控其空气质量,优化建筑物气流组织提供科学依据和理论支持。
Air pollution in microenvironment has become one of the most severe environmental problem in recent years due to the increasing demands of people for comfortable life and the highly polluted indoor environment. As one of the most typical pollutants in microenvironments, monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHC) have many characteristics such as multiply sources, high concentration and long exposure time, that make their pollution more serious and complicate.
In this thesis, the review of MAHC pollution in microenvironment was summarized. MAHC concentrations in public environment, residences and vehicle cabins in Hangzhou, China was studied systematically and compared to the data obtained in Tianjin, China and Shizuoka, Japan. The lifetime carcinogenic risks caused by MAHC exposure was estimated based on former study. The emission factor and characteristics of typical sources such as volatile sources (painting), combustion sources (cigarettes, mosquito coils and candles, etc) and combined sources (traffic, cooking and typing) was also analyzed. The detailed features, typical sources and their contribution to MAHC pollution in residences and buses were discussed as well.
According to our study, the databases of MAHC pollution in typical microenvironment and emission factors for different sources were established and consummated. The scientific basis and theoretical support for controlling MAHC concentrations in microenvironment, improving indoor air quality and optimize air-flow organization in microenvironment could be provided by our results.
引文
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