河流健康的分尺度评价研究
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摘要
河流健康是人类赖以生存和发展的必要条件，对河流健康的评价研究则是关系到人类社会有序、健康、可持续发展的重要课题之一。一个完整的河流评价应该涵盖各个尺度，而且影响河流健康的主要因素、决策者的总体目标、管理行为都与空间尺度有关，因此河流健康评价首先要明确的关键问题就是评价的尺度问题。
本文从河流的尺度划分和河流健康评价的尺度间转换关系两方面进行了研究。主要工作及成果如下：
1、从河流健康的涵义、发展历程及其评价目的出发分析了从尺度方面研究河流健康以及建立尺度间指标转换关系的必要性。
2、归纳了流域的点、线、面三种尺度的划分方法及各尺度的特点、尺度之间的相互关联。着重研究了点、线两个尺度的进一步细分，即生物斑点、工程河段、景观河段和全河长的概念及其相互关系。
3、分析研究了各尺度的评价方法，将相邻尺度间的指标分类为相同指标及不同指标，分别建立了转换关系，并在每个尺度上筛选出10个指标分别进行了相邻尺度上的具体转换分析。
4、以汉江干流为例，对其进行了尺度划分和涉及尺度间指标转换关系的分尺度评价，评价结果证明转换关系准确，且显著地减少了分尺度评价的工作量，因此说明该方法是可行的。
River health is an essential condition to support life existing and developing. Research onriver health is a key project that closely relates to orderliness, health and sustainabledevelopment of human society. Every spatial scales should be included in the theoreticalframework ,and the influence factors、management of river health is always relevant to spatialscales ,so the key point of the river health assessment is clarifying of spatial scales .
The main works and conclusions are as following:
1. The necessity of assess river health in different spatial scales and transformation of theindexes belonging to different spatial scales was analyzed based on the existing concepts and theaim of the assessment.
2. Dividation methods and features longing to spot、line and area scales were summarized .A brief introduction of criterion including biological spot, project section, landscape section andentire river is given, and also the relationships between them were given up.
3、This paper definite the different indexes between different spatial scales, and establishthe relations between them, ten indexes belonging to different scales are analyzed in detail.
4、The example about main stream of Han river is given to prove the feasibility andaccuracy, it also carry out that transformation of the indexes belonging to different spatial scalescan bring about notable facilitation.
本文从河流的尺度划分和河流健康评价的尺度间转换关系两方面进行了研究。主要工作及成果如下：
1、从河流健康的涵义、发展历程及其评价目的出发分析了从尺度方面研究河流健康以及建立尺度间指标转换关系的必要性。
2、归纳了流域的点、线、面三种尺度的划分方法及各尺度的特点、尺度之间的相互关联。着重研究了点、线两个尺度的进一步细分，即生物斑点、工程河段、景观河段和全河长的概念及其相互关系。
3、分析研究了各尺度的评价方法，将相邻尺度间的指标分类为相同指标及不同指标，分别建立了转换关系，并在每个尺度上筛选出10个指标分别进行了相邻尺度上的具体转换分析。
4、以汉江干流为例，对其进行了尺度划分和涉及尺度间指标转换关系的分尺度评价，评价结果证明转换关系准确，且显著地减少了分尺度评价的工作量，因此说明该方法是可行的。
River health is an essential condition to support life existing and developing. Research onriver health is a key project that closely relates to orderliness, health and sustainabledevelopment of human society. Every spatial scales should be included in the theoreticalframework ,and the influence factors、management of river health is always relevant to spatialscales ,so the key point of the river health assessment is clarifying of spatial scales .
The main works and conclusions are as following:
1. The necessity of assess river health in different spatial scales and transformation of theindexes belonging to different spatial scales was analyzed based on the existing concepts and theaim of the assessment.
2. Dividation methods and features longing to spot、line and area scales were summarized .A brief introduction of criterion including biological spot, project section, landscape section andentire river is given, and also the relationships between them were given up.
3、This paper definite the different indexes between different spatial scales, and establishthe relations between them, ten indexes belonging to different scales are analyzed in detail.
4、The example about main stream of Han river is given to prove the feasibility andaccuracy, it also carry out that transformation of the indexes belonging to different spatial scalescan bring about notable facilitation.
引文
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[20]杨志峰.河道生态环境需水研究方法比较[J].水动力学研究与进展A辑，2003，18(3):294一301.
[21] Jowett IG. Instream flow metheds: a comparison of approaches [J].Regulated Rivers andManagement，1997，13:115-127.
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[25]王让会.塔里木流域“四源一干”生态需水量的估算[J].水土保持学报，2001, 15(1):19-22.
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