基于ARM的通用仪表显示组态软件平台的设计
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摘要
当前,随着处理器技术、存储器技术、数据采样和传输技术的飞速发展,现代工业测量领域中的仪器仪表已经从传统意义上的显示测量数据发展成集液晶显示屏、触摸面板、控制单元、数据存储等单元为一体,具备操作控制、状态监控、数据存储、报表打印、网络通讯、视频监控等功能的强大人机界面。但是目前工控领域中使用的人机界面大多属于设备专用人机界面,其软硬件均是为某一具体应用而定制的,这无疑增加了工业控制系统的开发和维护成本。开发运行于嵌入式系统的支持组态功能的通用型人机界面是工业控制提高产品质量、降低开发成本、缩短开发周期的必然趋势。本文根据课题需要,引入嵌入式技术,设计了一种基于ARM的通用仪表显示组态软件平台,该系统以S3C2440微处理器为核心,具有显示功能强、功耗低、成本低、使用灵活、适用范围广等优点,相比于传统的大型工控机或工业PC,该软件平台不仅能完成所需要的显示功能,而且极为便携,使用时只须外接数据采集模块到平台预留的通道接口上即可按组态设置显示各通道信号。
论文的主要工作包括:硬件方面选用ARM 9微控制器、外围电路和接口的设计及实现;软件方面尝试将嵌入式Linux作为系统平台,并选用了嵌入式图形系统Qt作为图形开发工具,内容包括嵌入式Linux系统的实现,其中包括搭建嵌入式Linux开发平台(主机和目标机),裁减定制嵌入式Linux内核,设计与实现本机BootLoader,创建、配置YAFFS根文件系统;实现AD采样驱动;搭建Qt/Embedded开发环境,移植Qtopia、Qt界面图像显示程序等,实现了嵌入式系统上数据实时采集及显示功能,能针对各种不同的测量场合灵活调整显示手段,以最佳的方式将所需测量的数据展现在现场工作人员面前,便于快速准确决策。由于系统最终是要在开发板上运行的,因此论文也给出了嵌入式Linux和Qt的移植方法。最后对该嵌入式软件平台进行了应用测试和评价,给出了人机界面最终效果,并对课题的后续工作进行了展望。
Currently,the measuring instruments in the field of modern industrial measurement has made great development from the traditional sense of measuring and displaying the result of signals or variables into a powerful Human Machine Interface which is composed of the part of liquid crystal displays, touch panels, control units, data storage units and others, and is provided with the function of operational control, status monitoring, data storage, report printing, network communications, video surveillance and so on following with the rapid development of processor technology, memory technology, data sampling and transmission technology, as well as the A/D,D/A technology. But at present the man-machine interface devices which used mostly in field of industrial control currently are almost designed specifically both in the part of hardware and the software, which increase the costs of industrial control system development and maintenance obviously. So, the main trend of improving product quality, reducing costs of development and shutting down the development cycle of inevitable for industrial control should be new and general-purpose man-machine interface which works on the embedded systems and supports for configuration online. Based on the needs of subject in this paper, we designed a general-purpose instrumentation display software platform configurable based on ARM which uses the S3C2440 microprocessor as core and will be well known for the advantages including powerful display function, low power consumption, low cost and applicable for a wide range. Compared with the traditional large-scale Industrial Computer or, it is not only able to satisfy the display capabilities, but also very convenient, the only thing needed to do for using the platform is to connect the external data acquisition modules to the channel interfaces saved for AD, and then you can set the display models based on the signals and the channel in witch the signals get in.
The main works in this paper are as follows: compare and choose the ARM 9 micro-controllers as control core, design and implement the peripheral circuits and interface in the part of hardware; for the software we tries to use the embedded Linux as system platform and introduce the embedded graphics systems Qt for the graphical development tool. The work such as design and implementation of embedded Linux system which has it’s own jobs like building embedded Linux development platform, reducing of customizing Linux kernel, designing and implementing BootLoader, creating and configuring root file system cramfs, the achievement of A/D sample driver, the construction of Qt/Embedded development environment, the transplantation of Qtopia and the design of Qt interface image display program is also included in this paper. Both the hardware and software are designed for only one purpose, that is the implementation of real-time collection and display functions and can be configured flexiblely on line with a variety of different measurement occasions in order to display all the data in their best means for decision-making by staffs who use the platform in the field. Since the system will be running on the development board, the methods of transplanting Linux and Qt to the board are also gave out in the paper. The last is the application testing of the embedded software platform, the final results of the Human Machine Interface, the evaluation and the prospect of the follow-up works in the future.
论文的主要工作包括:硬件方面选用ARM 9微控制器、外围电路和接口的设计及实现;软件方面尝试将嵌入式Linux作为系统平台,并选用了嵌入式图形系统Qt作为图形开发工具,内容包括嵌入式Linux系统的实现,其中包括搭建嵌入式Linux开发平台(主机和目标机),裁减定制嵌入式Linux内核,设计与实现本机BootLoader,创建、配置YAFFS根文件系统;实现AD采样驱动;搭建Qt/Embedded开发环境,移植Qtopia、Qt界面图像显示程序等,实现了嵌入式系统上数据实时采集及显示功能,能针对各种不同的测量场合灵活调整显示手段,以最佳的方式将所需测量的数据展现在现场工作人员面前,便于快速准确决策。由于系统最终是要在开发板上运行的,因此论文也给出了嵌入式Linux和Qt的移植方法。最后对该嵌入式软件平台进行了应用测试和评价,给出了人机界面最终效果,并对课题的后续工作进行了展望。
Currently,the measuring instruments in the field of modern industrial measurement has made great development from the traditional sense of measuring and displaying the result of signals or variables into a powerful Human Machine Interface which is composed of the part of liquid crystal displays, touch panels, control units, data storage units and others, and is provided with the function of operational control, status monitoring, data storage, report printing, network communications, video surveillance and so on following with the rapid development of processor technology, memory technology, data sampling and transmission technology, as well as the A/D,D/A technology. But at present the man-machine interface devices which used mostly in field of industrial control currently are almost designed specifically both in the part of hardware and the software, which increase the costs of industrial control system development and maintenance obviously. So, the main trend of improving product quality, reducing costs of development and shutting down the development cycle of inevitable for industrial control should be new and general-purpose man-machine interface which works on the embedded systems and supports for configuration online. Based on the needs of subject in this paper, we designed a general-purpose instrumentation display software platform configurable based on ARM which uses the S3C2440 microprocessor as core and will be well known for the advantages including powerful display function, low power consumption, low cost and applicable for a wide range. Compared with the traditional large-scale Industrial Computer or, it is not only able to satisfy the display capabilities, but also very convenient, the only thing needed to do for using the platform is to connect the external data acquisition modules to the channel interfaces saved for AD, and then you can set the display models based on the signals and the channel in witch the signals get in.
The main works in this paper are as follows: compare and choose the ARM 9 micro-controllers as control core, design and implement the peripheral circuits and interface in the part of hardware; for the software we tries to use the embedded Linux as system platform and introduce the embedded graphics systems Qt for the graphical development tool. The work such as design and implementation of embedded Linux system which has it’s own jobs like building embedded Linux development platform, reducing of customizing Linux kernel, designing and implementing BootLoader, creating and configuring root file system cramfs, the achievement of A/D sample driver, the construction of Qt/Embedded development environment, the transplantation of Qtopia and the design of Qt interface image display program is also included in this paper. Both the hardware and software are designed for only one purpose, that is the implementation of real-time collection and display functions and can be configured flexiblely on line with a variety of different measurement occasions in order to display all the data in their best means for decision-making by staffs who use the platform in the field. Since the system will be running on the development board, the methods of transplanting Linux and Qt to the board are also gave out in the paper. The last is the application testing of the embedded software platform, the final results of the Human Machine Interface, the evaluation and the prospect of the follow-up works in the future.
引文
[1]凌志浩.智能仪表原理与设计技术[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社,2003 : 7-18
[2]余永权.嵌入式系统的技术和发展(上)[J]:电子世界, 2004,9 : 4-6
[3] Craig Hollabaugh著,陈雷,钟书毅译.嵌入式Linux硬件、软件与接口[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2003 : 15-21
[4]刘元盛.嵌入式系统在远程控制中的应用[D].北京:北京交通大学,2004
[5] Cotterell S.Vahid F,Walid Net al. First results with eBlocks:embedded systems building blocks. in: IEEE ed.First IEEE/ACM/IFIP International Conference on Hardware/Software Co design & systems Synthesis. California.2003.New York: Association for Computing Machinery Press, 2003 : 168 -175
[6]徐海燕,付炎.嵌入式系统技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2002: 15-21
[7]侯金奎.浅谈人机界面设计[J].潍坊学院学报, 2002,2(2): 69-71
[8]程景云,倪亦泉.人机界面设计与开发工具第一版[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 1994 : 18-21
[9]彭俊斌,钟山.浅析工业监控组态软件的产生及发展[J].江苏船舶,,2002(5):,21-23
[10] Sciacca,S.C,Block,W.R.AdvancedSCADA concepts[J].Computer Applications in Power, 1995,8(1) : 25-27
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[13]贾功贤等.基于PC的虚拟仪器的发展趋势[J].电子技术应用,1999.12 : 25-27
[14] Hamid R.Sheikh,Brian L.Evans,Alan C.Bovik.Real-time foveation techniques for low bit rate video coding[J].Real-Time Imaging 2003,9 : 27-40
[15] Douglass,B.P. Doing Hard Time-Developing Real-Time Systems with UML,Objects,Frameworks and Patterns,Addison-Wesley,1999
[16] G.Martin,L.Lavagno,J.Louis—Guerin,Embedded UML:a merger of real-time UML and co-design,Proceedings of CODES 2001,Copenhagen,April 2001 : 23-28
[17]王岩,魏平,夏良正.Linux体系结构及嵌入式Linux的移植方法[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版) 2004年第34卷增刊1-2
[18] Minerva Yeungy,Boon-Lock Yeoz. Segmentation of Video by Clustering and Graph Analysis[J]. COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING,Vol.71,No.1,July 1998: 94-109
[19] (美)Michael Jang著,邱仲潘等译.红帽Linux9从入门到精通[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003 : 106-176
[20] (美)Syed Mansoor, Sarwar Robert, Koretsky Syed, Aqeel Sarwa著,李善平,施韦,林欣等译.Linux教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005 : 176-193
[21] Yanpeng Sun, Peng Peng,Yuan Zhang. Linux transplantation based on the processor S3C2440[A]. 9th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments, 2009. ICEMI’09. 16-19 Aug.2009: 2-306-2-309
[22]魏平,夏良正.Linux体系结构及嵌入式Linux的移植方法[J].东南大学学报,2004, 34(51):126-130
[23]唐寅.实时操作系统应用开发指南[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2004 : 15-63
[24]李驹光,郑耿,江泽明.嵌入式Linux系统开发详解[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2006 : 84-113
[25]杨延军.用busybox制作嵌入式Linux的文件系统[J].单片机与嵌入式系统, 2005.7 : 8-10
[26]魏永明.实时嵌入式Linux系统上GUI的发展与展望[J].微电脑世界,2000.49 : 23-26
[27] (美)Andrew N.Sloss,(英)Dominic Symes,(美)Chris Wright著,沈建华译.ARM嵌入式系统开发、设计与优化[M].北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2005 : 178-213
[28]高超然.电能质量监测仪中基于Qt/embedded的图形用户系统研究与实现[D].长沙:湖南大学,2005
[29]王润琪,欧阳益锋.基于QT的触摸屏驱动在Linux下的应用设计[J].计算机测量与控制,2005.13(12) : l429-1439
[30]刘淼.嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开发[M].北京:北京航空航大学出版社, 2006 : 33-51
[31]魏洪兴,胡亮,曲学楼.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发试验教材II--基于ARM9微处理器与linux操作系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005 : 117-230
[32]李超,肖建.嵌入式linux技术开发技术与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008 : 189-221
[33]孙琼.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2006 : 111-143
[34] FLASH MEMORY: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd MICROPROCESSOR PRODUCT OVERV-IEW K9F1208U0M-YCB0
[35]程佩青.数字信号处理教程(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2001 : 209-217
[36]王世一.数字信号处理[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2006 : 231-244
[37]赵宏怡,张常年.数字信号处理及其MATLAB实现[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002 : 73-92。
[38]王宏.MATLAB6.5及其在信号处理中的应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2004 : 78-83
[39] Ivan W.Selesnik and C.Sidney Burrus,”Exchange Algorithms that Complement the Parks-McClellan Algorithm for Linear-Phase FIR Design”,IEEE Trans on Circuits and systems,1996
[40]陈怀琛.数字信号处理教程:MATLAB释义与实现[M].北京:北京电子工业出版社, 2004.12 : 177-258
[41]丁玉美.数字信号处理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2006 : 193-209
[42]胡广书.数字信号处理-理论、算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1997 : 218-232
[2]余永权.嵌入式系统的技术和发展(上)[J]:电子世界, 2004,9 : 4-6
[3] Craig Hollabaugh著,陈雷,钟书毅译.嵌入式Linux硬件、软件与接口[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2003 : 15-21
[4]刘元盛.嵌入式系统在远程控制中的应用[D].北京:北京交通大学,2004
[5] Cotterell S.Vahid F,Walid Net al. First results with eBlocks:embedded systems building blocks. in: IEEE ed.First IEEE/ACM/IFIP International Conference on Hardware/Software Co design & systems Synthesis. California.2003.New York: Association for Computing Machinery Press, 2003 : 168 -175
[6]徐海燕,付炎.嵌入式系统技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2002: 15-21
[7]侯金奎.浅谈人机界面设计[J].潍坊学院学报, 2002,2(2): 69-71
[8]程景云,倪亦泉.人机界面设计与开发工具第一版[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 1994 : 18-21
[9]彭俊斌,钟山.浅析工业监控组态软件的产生及发展[J].江苏船舶,,2002(5):,21-23
[10] Sciacca,S.C,Block,W.R.AdvancedSCADA concepts[J].Computer Applications in Power, 1995,8(1) : 25-27
[11]杨欣荣.智能仪器原理与设计[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社, 1989 : 12-21
[12]刘阳.虚拟仪器的现状和发展趋势[J].电子技术应用, 1996.4 : 17-19
[13]贾功贤等.基于PC的虚拟仪器的发展趋势[J].电子技术应用,1999.12 : 25-27
[14] Hamid R.Sheikh,Brian L.Evans,Alan C.Bovik.Real-time foveation techniques for low bit rate video coding[J].Real-Time Imaging 2003,9 : 27-40
[15] Douglass,B.P. Doing Hard Time-Developing Real-Time Systems with UML,Objects,Frameworks and Patterns,Addison-Wesley,1999
[16] G.Martin,L.Lavagno,J.Louis—Guerin,Embedded UML:a merger of real-time UML and co-design,Proceedings of CODES 2001,Copenhagen,April 2001 : 23-28
[17]王岩,魏平,夏良正.Linux体系结构及嵌入式Linux的移植方法[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版) 2004年第34卷增刊1-2
[18] Minerva Yeungy,Boon-Lock Yeoz. Segmentation of Video by Clustering and Graph Analysis[J]. COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING,Vol.71,No.1,July 1998: 94-109
[19] (美)Michael Jang著,邱仲潘等译.红帽Linux9从入门到精通[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003 : 106-176
[20] (美)Syed Mansoor, Sarwar Robert, Koretsky Syed, Aqeel Sarwa著,李善平,施韦,林欣等译.Linux教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005 : 176-193
[21] Yanpeng Sun, Peng Peng,Yuan Zhang. Linux transplantation based on the processor S3C2440[A]. 9th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments, 2009. ICEMI’09. 16-19 Aug.2009: 2-306-2-309
[22]魏平,夏良正.Linux体系结构及嵌入式Linux的移植方法[J].东南大学学报,2004, 34(51):126-130
[23]唐寅.实时操作系统应用开发指南[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2004 : 15-63
[24]李驹光,郑耿,江泽明.嵌入式Linux系统开发详解[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2006 : 84-113
[25]杨延军.用busybox制作嵌入式Linux的文件系统[J].单片机与嵌入式系统, 2005.7 : 8-10
[26]魏永明.实时嵌入式Linux系统上GUI的发展与展望[J].微电脑世界,2000.49 : 23-26
[27] (美)Andrew N.Sloss,(英)Dominic Symes,(美)Chris Wright著,沈建华译.ARM嵌入式系统开发、设计与优化[M].北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2005 : 178-213
[28]高超然.电能质量监测仪中基于Qt/embedded的图形用户系统研究与实现[D].长沙:湖南大学,2005
[29]王润琪,欧阳益锋.基于QT的触摸屏驱动在Linux下的应用设计[J].计算机测量与控制,2005.13(12) : l429-1439
[30]刘淼.嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开发[M].北京:北京航空航大学出版社, 2006 : 33-51
[31]魏洪兴,胡亮,曲学楼.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发试验教材II--基于ARM9微处理器与linux操作系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005 : 117-230
[32]李超,肖建.嵌入式linux技术开发技术与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008 : 189-221
[33]孙琼.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2006 : 111-143
[34] FLASH MEMORY: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd MICROPROCESSOR PRODUCT OVERV-IEW K9F1208U0M-YCB0
[35]程佩青.数字信号处理教程(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2001 : 209-217
[36]王世一.数字信号处理[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2006 : 231-244
[37]赵宏怡,张常年.数字信号处理及其MATLAB实现[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002 : 73-92。
[38]王宏.MATLAB6.5及其在信号处理中的应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2004 : 78-83
[39] Ivan W.Selesnik and C.Sidney Burrus,”Exchange Algorithms that Complement the Parks-McClellan Algorithm for Linear-Phase FIR Design”,IEEE Trans on Circuits and systems,1996
[40]陈怀琛.数字信号处理教程:MATLAB释义与实现[M].北京:北京电子工业出版社, 2004.12 : 177-258
[41]丁玉美.数字信号处理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2006 : 193-209
[42]胡广书.数字信号处理-理论、算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1997 : 218-232