民勤县农业可持续发展研究
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摘要
可持续农业是当今农业发展的主导方向,是农业自然资源得到合理利用、生态环境得到有效保护,农业经济实现良性循环的一种农业发展模式。在干旱区绿洲,作为区域可持续发展的重要内容,实现农业可持续发展对促进区域人口、资源、环境、经济以及社会的协调发展具有重要的意义。
甘肃省民勤县位于石羊河流域下游,绿洲农业是全县主导产业。然而,由于人类活动的加强及农业资源的不合理利用,区域生态环境不断恶化,绿洲生态经济系统处于崩溃的边缘,民勤绿洲也成为内陆河流域研究的热点区域之一。
本论文以民勤县作为研究区域,主要进行了以下几个方面的研究:
首先,在总结农业可持续农业理论研究和民勤绿洲研究现状的基础上,客观分析了民勤县农业资源环境现状,探究了制约农业可持续发展的主要因素。
其次,通过构建民勤县农业可持续发展指标体系,对区域农业可持续发展能力进行了综合评价。结果表明,民勤县农业经济发展是典型的以牺牲环境为代价的农业经济发展模式,农业经济发展与生态环境建设保护极不协调,导致区域生态环境持续恶化,生态环境的恶化同时又直接影响农业了农业生产,从而使区域农业发展处于不可持续的态势。要改变这种态势,区域生态环境的恢复重建是首要问题。
最后,结合制约农业发展主要因素和农业可持续发展综合评价结果,本文提出了区域农业可持续发展的调控对策。
基于以上研究,本论文认为民勤县农业发展有两个目标:其一,追求最大的经济效益,其二,有利于区域生态环境的恢复重建。只有农业经济发展与生态环境建设相结合,以生态环境建设保证农业经济持续发展,以农业经济持续发展促进生态环境建设,区域农业可持续发展才能走上健康有序的道路。
Sustainable agriculture is the leading direction of agricultural development. It is an agricultural development pattern by which we can make good use of agricultural natural resources, protect our ecological environment effectively and realize good circulation of agricultural economy. As an important part of regional sustainable development, it is of great significance to achieve sustainable agricultural development to the promotion of the regional population, resources, environmental, economic and social development of the coordination.
Minqin County of Gansu Province lies in the lower reaches of the Shiyanghe River Basin. Oasis agriculture is the county leading industries. However, due to human activities and the strengthening of the irrational use of agricultural resources, the regional ecological environment has deteriorated and Oasis ecological and economic system is on the verge of collapse. Minqin oasis has become a hot area of research about inland river valley.
In this paper I choose Minqin County as the study area and mainly carry out on the following aspects:
Firstly, in summing up the agricultural research, the sustainable agriculture theory and through the objective analysis of the status quo of Minqin County agricultural resources and the environment, the thesis explores the constraints of sustainable agricultural development.
Secondly, through the agricultural sustainable system construction the thesis evaluates the agricultural sustainability of Minqin County. The results showed that the agricultural economic development of Minqin County is a typical agricultural development pattern of sacrificing the environment for the economic development. It is an uncoordinated relation between agricultural economic development and construction of the ecological environment that leads to the continued deterioration of the regional ecological environment, which directly affects the agriculture production so that the regional agricultural development is in a sustainable trend. It is vital to reconstruct the regional ecological environment.
Finally,the paper proposed an agriculture-control measures by combination of the main factors constraining the development of agriculture and sustainable agricultural development of a comprehensive evaluation of the results.
Based on the above studies,the thesis thinks that the agricultural development of Minqin County has two targets: one is to pursuit the maximal economic effect and another is conducive to the regional ecological environment restoration and reconstruction. Only when we take the agricultural economic development and the environmental construction as a unity, by construction of the ecological environment to ensure sustainable economic development of agriculture and by sustainable economic development of agricultural to promote the ecological environment construction, the regional sustainable development of agriculture would be on a healthy and orderly way.
甘肃省民勤县位于石羊河流域下游,绿洲农业是全县主导产业。然而,由于人类活动的加强及农业资源的不合理利用,区域生态环境不断恶化,绿洲生态经济系统处于崩溃的边缘,民勤绿洲也成为内陆河流域研究的热点区域之一。
本论文以民勤县作为研究区域,主要进行了以下几个方面的研究:
首先,在总结农业可持续农业理论研究和民勤绿洲研究现状的基础上,客观分析了民勤县农业资源环境现状,探究了制约农业可持续发展的主要因素。
其次,通过构建民勤县农业可持续发展指标体系,对区域农业可持续发展能力进行了综合评价。结果表明,民勤县农业经济发展是典型的以牺牲环境为代价的农业经济发展模式,农业经济发展与生态环境建设保护极不协调,导致区域生态环境持续恶化,生态环境的恶化同时又直接影响农业了农业生产,从而使区域农业发展处于不可持续的态势。要改变这种态势,区域生态环境的恢复重建是首要问题。
最后,结合制约农业发展主要因素和农业可持续发展综合评价结果,本文提出了区域农业可持续发展的调控对策。
基于以上研究,本论文认为民勤县农业发展有两个目标:其一,追求最大的经济效益,其二,有利于区域生态环境的恢复重建。只有农业经济发展与生态环境建设相结合,以生态环境建设保证农业经济持续发展,以农业经济持续发展促进生态环境建设,区域农业可持续发展才能走上健康有序的道路。
Sustainable agriculture is the leading direction of agricultural development. It is an agricultural development pattern by which we can make good use of agricultural natural resources, protect our ecological environment effectively and realize good circulation of agricultural economy. As an important part of regional sustainable development, it is of great significance to achieve sustainable agricultural development to the promotion of the regional population, resources, environmental, economic and social development of the coordination.
Minqin County of Gansu Province lies in the lower reaches of the Shiyanghe River Basin. Oasis agriculture is the county leading industries. However, due to human activities and the strengthening of the irrational use of agricultural resources, the regional ecological environment has deteriorated and Oasis ecological and economic system is on the verge of collapse. Minqin oasis has become a hot area of research about inland river valley.
In this paper I choose Minqin County as the study area and mainly carry out on the following aspects:
Firstly, in summing up the agricultural research, the sustainable agriculture theory and through the objective analysis of the status quo of Minqin County agricultural resources and the environment, the thesis explores the constraints of sustainable agricultural development.
Secondly, through the agricultural sustainable system construction the thesis evaluates the agricultural sustainability of Minqin County. The results showed that the agricultural economic development of Minqin County is a typical agricultural development pattern of sacrificing the environment for the economic development. It is an uncoordinated relation between agricultural economic development and construction of the ecological environment that leads to the continued deterioration of the regional ecological environment, which directly affects the agriculture production so that the regional agricultural development is in a sustainable trend. It is vital to reconstruct the regional ecological environment.
Finally,the paper proposed an agriculture-control measures by combination of the main factors constraining the development of agriculture and sustainable agricultural development of a comprehensive evaluation of the results.
Based on the above studies,the thesis thinks that the agricultural development of Minqin County has two targets: one is to pursuit the maximal economic effect and another is conducive to the regional ecological environment restoration and reconstruction. Only when we take the agricultural economic development and the environmental construction as a unity, by construction of the ecological environment to ensure sustainable economic development of agriculture and by sustainable economic development of agricultural to promote the ecological environment construction, the regional sustainable development of agriculture would be on a healthy and orderly way.
引文
[1]赖先齐.中国绿洲农业学[M].中国农业出版社,2005年12月
[2]申元村,润久文等.中国绿洲[M].河南大学出版社,2001年5月
[3]冯绳武.民勤绿洲水系演变[J].地理学报, 1963, 29(3) :241-249.
[4]王根绪,温红子.甘肃民勤灌区作物种植趋势决策[J].甘肃科学学报, 1995, 7(4):66-71.
[5]俄有浩,严平等.民勤沙井子地区地下水动态研究[J].中国沙漠,1997,17(1):70-76.
[6]赵雪雁.绿洲持续利用评价[J].干旱区地理2001,24( 1):86-89
[7]杨永春,李吉均等.石羊河下游民勤绿洲变化的人文机制研究[J].地理研究,2002,21(4):449-458
[8]颉耀文,陈发虎等.近2000年来民勤盆地绿洲的空间变化[J].地理学报, 2004,59(9): 662-671
[9]李小玉,张峰.石羊河流域中、下游绿洲景观动态变化的比较研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(5):151-155
[10]宋冬梅,肖笃宁等.石羊河下游民勤绿洲生态安全时空变化分析[J].中国沙漠, 2004,24(3):336-341
[11]宋松柏,蔡焕杰.旱区生态环境质量的综合定量评价模型[J].生态学报2004,2(411):2509-2515
[12]徐先英,丁国栋等.内陆河下游民勤绿洲主要防风固沙植被生态需水量研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(3):144-148
[13]杨振,牛叔文等.虚拟水战略与民勤绿洲可持续发展问题研究[J].兰州大学学报,2005,41(5):10-13
[14]杨振,牛叔文.虚拟水战略:拯救民勤绿洲的新思路[J].中国人口资源与环境,2004,14(6):62-66
[15]李小玉,肖笃宁.石羊河流域中下游绿洲土地利用变化与水资源动态研究[J].水科学进展, 2005,16(9):643-648
[16]拓学森,陈兴鹏.民勤县水土资源承载力系统动力学仿真模型研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(6):78-83
[17]王积全,李维德.基于信息扩散理论的干旱区农业旱灾风险分析[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(5):826-830
[18]李忆春,陈发虎.民勤盆地水资源可持续利用对策[J].山地学报,2001,19(5):465-469.
[19]宋冬梅,肖笃宁,等.甘肃民勤绿洲的景观格局变化及驱动力分析[J].应用生态学报, 2003, 14(2): 535-539.
[20]韩惠,冯兆东等.利用TM系列影像监测盐碱化土地变化[J].兰州大学学报,2006,42(4):2-7
[21]宋冬梅,肖笃宁,等.甘肃民勤绿洲的景观格局变化及驱动力分析[J].应用生态学报, 2003, 14(2): 535-539.
[22]孙雪涛.民勤绿洲水资源利用的历史现状和未来[J].中国工程科学, 2004, 6(3): 1-9.
[23]WCED.我们共同的未来[M].北京:世界知识出版社,1989
[24]Brklacich,M.,Bryant,C.&Smith,B.1991.Review and appraisal of concept of sustainable food Production systems. Environmental Management,(15):1-14
[25]Stickle,C.O,Papadis,R.I.,Saxton,K.E,et al.1994.A framework for evaluating the sustainability of agrieultural productions systems.American Journal of Alternative Agrieulture,(9):45-50
[26]Hansen,J.W. 1996 Is agrieultural sustainability a useful concept? Agricultural systems, (50):117-143
[27]E·U.Essiet.2001. Agricultural sustainability under small-holder farming in Kano, northern Nigeria.Journal of Arid Environments,(48):1-7
[28]Nambiar,K.K.M.,Gupta,A.P.,Qinglinfu et al.2001.Biophysical,chemical and socio-economic indicators for assessing agricultural sustainability in the Chinese coastalzone. Agriculture,Ecosystem sand Environment,(87):209-214
[29]卢良恕等.论中国现代集约持续农业[J].中国软科学,1995(10):10-19
[30]周海林.农业可持续发展状态评价指标(体系)框架及其分析[J].农村生态环境,1999(3):6-10
[31]中国科学院可持续发展研究组.1999中国可持续发展战略报告[M]1999,科学出版社
[32]申玉铭.中国科学院地理研究所区域持续发展的理论与实证研究[D].博士学位论文,1996
[33]周海林.农业可持续发展状态评价指标(体系)框架及其分析[J].农村生态环境,1999(3):6-10
[34]姜晓秋.农业可持续发展评价指标体系[J].科技日报,1997年6月17日
[35]建梅等.北京农业现代化指标体系的改进[J].农业现代化研究,1999(5):278-280
[36]刘慧.区域农业可持续发展指标体系及评估方法[J].地理科学进展,1997(2):21-25
[37]郑志安等.区域农业产业化评估指标体系的构建与应用[J].中国农业大学学报,1999(6):6-12
[38]牛文元.中国农业资源的可持续性分析[J].自然资源学报,1996(4):293-300
[39]李颖明.农业可持续发展的资源环境分析[D].中国社会科学院研究生院博士学位文,2006
[40]甘肃省人民政府.石羊河流域水资源分配方案. 2006年10月
[2]申元村,润久文等.中国绿洲[M].河南大学出版社,2001年5月
[3]冯绳武.民勤绿洲水系演变[J].地理学报, 1963, 29(3) :241-249.
[4]王根绪,温红子.甘肃民勤灌区作物种植趋势决策[J].甘肃科学学报, 1995, 7(4):66-71.
[5]俄有浩,严平等.民勤沙井子地区地下水动态研究[J].中国沙漠,1997,17(1):70-76.
[6]赵雪雁.绿洲持续利用评价[J].干旱区地理2001,24( 1):86-89
[7]杨永春,李吉均等.石羊河下游民勤绿洲变化的人文机制研究[J].地理研究,2002,21(4):449-458
[8]颉耀文,陈发虎等.近2000年来民勤盆地绿洲的空间变化[J].地理学报, 2004,59(9): 662-671
[9]李小玉,张峰.石羊河流域中、下游绿洲景观动态变化的比较研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(5):151-155
[10]宋冬梅,肖笃宁等.石羊河下游民勤绿洲生态安全时空变化分析[J].中国沙漠, 2004,24(3):336-341
[11]宋松柏,蔡焕杰.旱区生态环境质量的综合定量评价模型[J].生态学报2004,2(411):2509-2515
[12]徐先英,丁国栋等.内陆河下游民勤绿洲主要防风固沙植被生态需水量研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(3):144-148
[13]杨振,牛叔文等.虚拟水战略与民勤绿洲可持续发展问题研究[J].兰州大学学报,2005,41(5):10-13
[14]杨振,牛叔文.虚拟水战略:拯救民勤绿洲的新思路[J].中国人口资源与环境,2004,14(6):62-66
[15]李小玉,肖笃宁.石羊河流域中下游绿洲土地利用变化与水资源动态研究[J].水科学进展, 2005,16(9):643-648
[16]拓学森,陈兴鹏.民勤县水土资源承载力系统动力学仿真模型研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(6):78-83
[17]王积全,李维德.基于信息扩散理论的干旱区农业旱灾风险分析[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(5):826-830
[18]李忆春,陈发虎.民勤盆地水资源可持续利用对策[J].山地学报,2001,19(5):465-469.
[19]宋冬梅,肖笃宁,等.甘肃民勤绿洲的景观格局变化及驱动力分析[J].应用生态学报, 2003, 14(2): 535-539.
[20]韩惠,冯兆东等.利用TM系列影像监测盐碱化土地变化[J].兰州大学学报,2006,42(4):2-7
[21]宋冬梅,肖笃宁,等.甘肃民勤绿洲的景观格局变化及驱动力分析[J].应用生态学报, 2003, 14(2): 535-539.
[22]孙雪涛.民勤绿洲水资源利用的历史现状和未来[J].中国工程科学, 2004, 6(3): 1-9.
[23]WCED.我们共同的未来[M].北京:世界知识出版社,1989
[24]Brklacich,M.,Bryant,C.&Smith,B.1991.Review and appraisal of concept of sustainable food Production systems. Environmental Management,(15):1-14
[25]Stickle,C.O,Papadis,R.I.,Saxton,K.E,et al.1994.A framework for evaluating the sustainability of agrieultural productions systems.American Journal of Alternative Agrieulture,(9):45-50
[26]Hansen,J.W. 1996 Is agrieultural sustainability a useful concept? Agricultural systems, (50):117-143
[27]E·U.Essiet.2001. Agricultural sustainability under small-holder farming in Kano, northern Nigeria.Journal of Arid Environments,(48):1-7
[28]Nambiar,K.K.M.,Gupta,A.P.,Qinglinfu et al.2001.Biophysical,chemical and socio-economic indicators for assessing agricultural sustainability in the Chinese coastalzone. Agriculture,Ecosystem sand Environment,(87):209-214
[29]卢良恕等.论中国现代集约持续农业[J].中国软科学,1995(10):10-19
[30]周海林.农业可持续发展状态评价指标(体系)框架及其分析[J].农村生态环境,1999(3):6-10
[31]中国科学院可持续发展研究组.1999中国可持续发展战略报告[M]1999,科学出版社
[32]申玉铭.中国科学院地理研究所区域持续发展的理论与实证研究[D].博士学位论文,1996
[33]周海林.农业可持续发展状态评价指标(体系)框架及其分析[J].农村生态环境,1999(3):6-10
[34]姜晓秋.农业可持续发展评价指标体系[J].科技日报,1997年6月17日
[35]建梅等.北京农业现代化指标体系的改进[J].农业现代化研究,1999(5):278-280
[36]刘慧.区域农业可持续发展指标体系及评估方法[J].地理科学进展,1997(2):21-25
[37]郑志安等.区域农业产业化评估指标体系的构建与应用[J].中国农业大学学报,1999(6):6-12
[38]牛文元.中国农业资源的可持续性分析[J].自然资源学报,1996(4):293-300
[39]李颖明.农业可持续发展的资源环境分析[D].中国社会科学院研究生院博士学位文,2006
[40]甘肃省人民政府.石羊河流域水资源分配方案. 2006年10月