基于FCM的逆向物流供应商选择研究
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摘要
随着环境的日益恶化和政府强制法律的相继出台,以及企业对自身经济效益的追求,人们开始关注通过逆向物流并构建闭环供应链。企业实施闭环供应链,一方面降低了生产成本,通过开发利用产品及资源的再生价值获得更多利润,另一方面,实现经济及资源的可持续发展。建立一个涵盖产品全生命周期的闭环供应链,不仅是环境保护、企业责任的外在需要,也是传统经济发展模式向循环经济发展模式转变的内在需求。企业在实施闭环供应链管理时,从提升核心能力的角度出发,选择将逆向物流业务外包从而更专注于自身的核心领域,已成为闭环供应链中核心企业的现实选择。因此,如何科学合理的选择逆向物流供应商,成为了本文的主要研究目的。
本文首先阐述了逆向供应商评估的研究背景,认为在当前闭环供应链的发展成为必然趋势,而逆向物流又具有复杂性、多样性特点,因此应当深入研究逆向供应商的评估及选择问题。
接下来本文概括叙述了闭环供应链当前的研究情况,明确论文所研究问题在闭环供应链领域的所属分支。然后对逆向供应商评价指标体系及模型的已有研究成果进行了详细的综述,为论文的研究提供文献参考及思路。最后对模糊认知图(The Fuzzy cognitive maps,FCM)方法进行了详尽的阐述,分别从模糊认知图自身的扩展、相应的学习方法及其应用研究进行综述,为本文首次应用FCM方法解决逆向物流供应商的评估问题提供理论依据。
然后本文基于FCM方法,设计了完全逆向物流供应商的评价指标体系,构建了完全逆向物流供应商的评价模型。在这种外包模式下,企业选择将逆向物流职能完全外包给逆向物流供应商,因此在进行评估时,逆向物流供应商回收再制造产品、再处理等能力成为重要的评估指标。通过采用FCM方法建立评价模型,突出了决策目标之间的影响关系,提供了更为准确的指标权重,实现了完全逆向物流供应商的优选。通过算例计算,研究了模型的合理性和有效性。
最后本文从逆向物流外包的另一种模式出发,即企业将部分逆向物流进行外包,这也是企业向完全外包过渡的外包方式。基于该模式,论文构建了不完全逆向物流供应商的评价指标体系,体现了在仅将物流、仓储业务外包时,协调能力成为考评指标的特点。然后构建基于FCM方法的评价模型,这一章的FCM模型主要从算法的角度进行建模。利用本章的评估体系及模型,明确了不完全逆向物流供应商的评价指标权重,实现了供应商的优选。最后通过算例进行验证。
As more and more critical problem on environment appearing and the restrict government law introducing, and the pursuit of profit of the enterprises of their own, people begin to pay more attention to build the closed-loop supply chain through reverse logistics to make a good performance. Enterprises are able to reduce production costs and get more profits by the utilization of renewable resources when implementing closed-loop supply chain. Except that, they can realize the sustainable development of economy and resources. Organizing a closed-loop supply chain which cover the whole product life cycle, is not only required by environment protection and corporate responsibility of external needs, but also the internal demand converting from traditional economy to cycling economy. In order to enhancing the enterprises’core capability, outsourcing the business of reverse logistics is a good choice for enterprises to implement closed-loop supply chain management. So the main purpose of this article is to illustrate the problem that how to choose the reverse logistics provider properly.
Firstly, the thesis explains the background of reverse supplier evaluation. With these conditions, closed-loop supply chain becoming a new trend, and reverse logistics containing complexity and diversity of features, reverse logistics supplier evaluation and selection should be made depth study of.
Secondly, this study describes the current situation of the closed-loop supply chain research, and demonstrates the embranchment of this paper belongs to. Then it makes an explicit explanation on detail for the existing literature and the achievements which prepares for literature reference and ideas in next step. In the end of this chapter showing the approach of the fuzzy cognitive maps(FCM), describe it in several aspects like the it’s extension, related training arithmetic and its usage. It provides a theory foundation for the evaluation of reverse logistics provider based with FCM.
Then, we organize a reverse logistics supplier evaluation system based on FCM, and build an evaluation model for reverse logistics supplier. In condition the situation of which enterprise completely outsourcing their reverse logistics functions to the business providers, the ability of callback manufactured products for reverse logistics providers and further processing capacity became vital important index. The FCM model which highlights the influence among the decision criteria will provide more accurate criteria weight, and optimize the choice base on completely reverse logistics. Besides, it shows the rationality and effectiveness of the FCM model through mathematical example.
At last, the thesis studies the other model, which enterprises outsource part of the reverse logistics. This is also a transitional choice before completely outsourcing. With this model this chapter creates an incompletely criteria system for reverse logistics provider evaluation. That demonstrates the cooperation ability of the provider became a vital criteria when enterprises only outsource logistics and warehouse business. And then organizes an evaluation model with FCM, this model is represented in arithmetic standpoint. This paper specifies the weight of criteria used in reverse logistic evaluation through this chapter, which gives a strong support on making a good choice on reverse logistic provider. And in the end it also verifies the theory with a mathematical instance.
本文首先阐述了逆向供应商评估的研究背景,认为在当前闭环供应链的发展成为必然趋势,而逆向物流又具有复杂性、多样性特点,因此应当深入研究逆向供应商的评估及选择问题。
接下来本文概括叙述了闭环供应链当前的研究情况,明确论文所研究问题在闭环供应链领域的所属分支。然后对逆向供应商评价指标体系及模型的已有研究成果进行了详细的综述,为论文的研究提供文献参考及思路。最后对模糊认知图(The Fuzzy cognitive maps,FCM)方法进行了详尽的阐述,分别从模糊认知图自身的扩展、相应的学习方法及其应用研究进行综述,为本文首次应用FCM方法解决逆向物流供应商的评估问题提供理论依据。
然后本文基于FCM方法,设计了完全逆向物流供应商的评价指标体系,构建了完全逆向物流供应商的评价模型。在这种外包模式下,企业选择将逆向物流职能完全外包给逆向物流供应商,因此在进行评估时,逆向物流供应商回收再制造产品、再处理等能力成为重要的评估指标。通过采用FCM方法建立评价模型,突出了决策目标之间的影响关系,提供了更为准确的指标权重,实现了完全逆向物流供应商的优选。通过算例计算,研究了模型的合理性和有效性。
最后本文从逆向物流外包的另一种模式出发,即企业将部分逆向物流进行外包,这也是企业向完全外包过渡的外包方式。基于该模式,论文构建了不完全逆向物流供应商的评价指标体系,体现了在仅将物流、仓储业务外包时,协调能力成为考评指标的特点。然后构建基于FCM方法的评价模型,这一章的FCM模型主要从算法的角度进行建模。利用本章的评估体系及模型,明确了不完全逆向物流供应商的评价指标权重,实现了供应商的优选。最后通过算例进行验证。
As more and more critical problem on environment appearing and the restrict government law introducing, and the pursuit of profit of the enterprises of their own, people begin to pay more attention to build the closed-loop supply chain through reverse logistics to make a good performance. Enterprises are able to reduce production costs and get more profits by the utilization of renewable resources when implementing closed-loop supply chain. Except that, they can realize the sustainable development of economy and resources. Organizing a closed-loop supply chain which cover the whole product life cycle, is not only required by environment protection and corporate responsibility of external needs, but also the internal demand converting from traditional economy to cycling economy. In order to enhancing the enterprises’core capability, outsourcing the business of reverse logistics is a good choice for enterprises to implement closed-loop supply chain management. So the main purpose of this article is to illustrate the problem that how to choose the reverse logistics provider properly.
Firstly, the thesis explains the background of reverse supplier evaluation. With these conditions, closed-loop supply chain becoming a new trend, and reverse logistics containing complexity and diversity of features, reverse logistics supplier evaluation and selection should be made depth study of.
Secondly, this study describes the current situation of the closed-loop supply chain research, and demonstrates the embranchment of this paper belongs to. Then it makes an explicit explanation on detail for the existing literature and the achievements which prepares for literature reference and ideas in next step. In the end of this chapter showing the approach of the fuzzy cognitive maps(FCM), describe it in several aspects like the it’s extension, related training arithmetic and its usage. It provides a theory foundation for the evaluation of reverse logistics provider based with FCM.
Then, we organize a reverse logistics supplier evaluation system based on FCM, and build an evaluation model for reverse logistics supplier. In condition the situation of which enterprise completely outsourcing their reverse logistics functions to the business providers, the ability of callback manufactured products for reverse logistics providers and further processing capacity became vital important index. The FCM model which highlights the influence among the decision criteria will provide more accurate criteria weight, and optimize the choice base on completely reverse logistics. Besides, it shows the rationality and effectiveness of the FCM model through mathematical example.
At last, the thesis studies the other model, which enterprises outsource part of the reverse logistics. This is also a transitional choice before completely outsourcing. With this model this chapter creates an incompletely criteria system for reverse logistics provider evaluation. That demonstrates the cooperation ability of the provider became a vital criteria when enterprises only outsource logistics and warehouse business. And then organizes an evaluation model with FCM, this model is represented in arithmetic standpoint. This paper specifies the weight of criteria used in reverse logistic evaluation through this chapter, which gives a strong support on making a good choice on reverse logistic provider. And in the end it also verifies the theory with a mathematical instance.
引文
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