跨国零售企业供应商选择研究
摘要
零售业是国民经济的重要组成部分,它连接着生产与消费,关系到社会再生产能否顺利实现。随着经济全球化的发展,为了寻求更丰富的商品来源和更广阔的市场空间,分享全球经济融合带来的利益,零售企业走出国门,在全球范围内选择供应商成了其发展的必然趋势和现实选择。
首先,本文对跨国零售企业的理论基础进行阐述,在此基础上,分析了跨国零售企业供应商选择的重要性和复杂性,并针对这种复杂性,提出了合理的选择流程,以降低供应商选择的难度进而增加跨国零售企业供应商选择的可操作性；为帮助跨国零售企业顺利高效地完成对供应商的选择,本文还对跨国零售企业选择供应商的特点及其运作方式进行了介绍。
其次,本论文以目前生产制造企业对供应商进行选择与评价的评价指标体系为基础,针对传统生产制造企业合作伙伴选择评价指标体系和评价方法方面存在的缺陷,并结合跨国零售企业的特点,以其经营的实际情况与问卷调查结果,为跨国零售企业供应商选择与评价设计了一套较为科学合理的指标体系,并为每一个指标设计了度量的方法和原则；然后在这套评价指标体系的基础上,应用模糊层次分析法,对供应商进行选择。这是本文研究的一个主要创新点。
最后,本文设计了算例分析对给出的指标体系和评价方法进行了模拟,以验证其可行性,并得出结论,指出了研究的不足之处。
Retailing constitutes an important part of a country national economy. Retailing connects production and consumption, which relates to the smoothly operation of social reproduction. Along with the development of the economy integration, Retail enterprise stepped off Nation to choose supplier on a global scale is a trend and actuality selection for looking for more abundant merchandise source and more vast market space.
Firstly, the dissertation clarifies the theories of transnational retail enterprises, analyzes the importance and complexities of the cooperation partner selection of transnational retail enterprises and proposals two strategies to lower the difficulties and make it more possible to select suitable cooperation partners, and also, the paper brings in the characteristic of Transnational retail enterprise chooses suppliers to help the transnational retail enterprises choose right partners efficiently.
On the basis of manufacturing company's supplier selection evaluation index system, and aggregating the related theories and analyzing the weaknesses of traditional evaluation indicator system and method for the cooperation partner selection of transnational retail enterprises, and combining with the transnational retail enterprises actual operation results and the survey, the dissertation has designed a more scientific and rational evaluation index system for the transnational retail enterprises selecting and evaluating their suppliers. In addition, the dissertation has designed the measuring and quantifying methods and principles for every indicator. Then, based on the index system and considering the factual cooperative relations between the transnational retail enterprises and the suppliers, we establish a model based on FAHP for enterprises selecting suppliers in transnational retail enterprises. This is one of the main points of innovation.
To test their feasibility, an example with much related data is given for simulation and the result is proven operable. Some conclusions are drawn out and few weaknesses of the paper are pointed out last.
首先,本文对跨国零售企业的理论基础进行阐述,在此基础上,分析了跨国零售企业供应商选择的重要性和复杂性,并针对这种复杂性,提出了合理的选择流程,以降低供应商选择的难度进而增加跨国零售企业供应商选择的可操作性；为帮助跨国零售企业顺利高效地完成对供应商的选择,本文还对跨国零售企业选择供应商的特点及其运作方式进行了介绍。
其次,本论文以目前生产制造企业对供应商进行选择与评价的评价指标体系为基础,针对传统生产制造企业合作伙伴选择评价指标体系和评价方法方面存在的缺陷,并结合跨国零售企业的特点,以其经营的实际情况与问卷调查结果,为跨国零售企业供应商选择与评价设计了一套较为科学合理的指标体系,并为每一个指标设计了度量的方法和原则；然后在这套评价指标体系的基础上,应用模糊层次分析法,对供应商进行选择。这是本文研究的一个主要创新点。
最后,本文设计了算例分析对给出的指标体系和评价方法进行了模拟,以验证其可行性,并得出结论,指出了研究的不足之处。
Retailing constitutes an important part of a country national economy. Retailing connects production and consumption, which relates to the smoothly operation of social reproduction. Along with the development of the economy integration, Retail enterprise stepped off Nation to choose supplier on a global scale is a trend and actuality selection for looking for more abundant merchandise source and more vast market space.
Firstly, the dissertation clarifies the theories of transnational retail enterprises, analyzes the importance and complexities of the cooperation partner selection of transnational retail enterprises and proposals two strategies to lower the difficulties and make it more possible to select suitable cooperation partners, and also, the paper brings in the characteristic of Transnational retail enterprise chooses suppliers to help the transnational retail enterprises choose right partners efficiently.
On the basis of manufacturing company's supplier selection evaluation index system, and aggregating the related theories and analyzing the weaknesses of traditional evaluation indicator system and method for the cooperation partner selection of transnational retail enterprises, and combining with the transnational retail enterprises actual operation results and the survey, the dissertation has designed a more scientific and rational evaluation index system for the transnational retail enterprises selecting and evaluating their suppliers. In addition, the dissertation has designed the measuring and quantifying methods and principles for every indicator. Then, based on the index system and considering the factual cooperative relations between the transnational retail enterprises and the suppliers, we establish a model based on FAHP for enterprises selecting suppliers in transnational retail enterprises. This is one of the main points of innovation.
To test their feasibility, an example with much related data is given for simulation and the result is proven operable. Some conclusions are drawn out and few weaknesses of the paper are pointed out last.
引文
[1]Hollander. Multinational retailing [M].East Lansing, Michigan State University Press,1970.
[2]Kackc.P. Transatlantic trends in retailing:takeovers and flow of know-how [M]. London:Quorum,1985.
[3]Trcadgold,A. Retailing without frontiers[J].Retail and Distribution Management, 1988.
[4]Alexander, N. UK retail expansion in North America and Europe:a strategic dilemma [J].Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,1995.
[5]Alexander N. International retailing [M]. Oxford:Black-well business,1997.
[6]Dawson, J. The internationalization of retailing [A].In Bromley, RDF and Thomas, C.J. Retail change:contemporary issues [C].London:UCL Press, 1993.
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[8]Davies, G and McGoldrick, PJ. International retailing:trends and strategies [M]. London:Pitman Publishing,1995.
[9]Quinn B. The temporal context of UK retailers' motives for international expansion [J].The Service Industries Journal,1999.
[10]Koch, Adam J. Factors influencing market and entry mode selection:developing the MEMS model [J].Marketing Intelligence Planning,2001.
[11]Evans, J. and Malodor F.T. Psychic distance and organizational performance:an empirical examination of international retailing operations [J].Journal of International Business Studies,2002.
[12]Evans, J.Malodor, F.T., Birdsong, K. Psychic distance:antecedents,retail strategy implications, and performance outcomes [J].Journal of International Marketing,2008.
[13]桁林.全球化意味着什么——跨国零售企业超高速发展的启示[J].焦点评论,2001.
[14]苏朝辉.跨国零售采购市场的营销策略研究[J].华侨大学学报,2005.
[15]刘洋燕,董瑾.零售业国际化经验及其启示[J].北京理工大学学报,2006.
[16]Dickson G W.An analysis of vendor selection systems and daemons [J].Journal of Purchasing,1966,(2):5-17.
[17]Hatherall D A. Purchasing in the Pham acoustical industry [M].Unpublished M Phil Thesis, Department of Management Science Lancaster University, UK, 1988:21-30.
[18]Mary Johnson, Laura Meade, Jamie Rogers. Partner selection in agile environment [A].4th Annual Agility Forum Conference Proc,1995:496-505.
[19]陈荣秋,湛述勇.论JIT环境下制造商和供应商之间的关系[J].管理工程学报,1998,12.
[20]林勇,马士华.供应链管理环境下供应商的综合评价选择研究[J].管理现代化,2001,5.
[21]霍佳震,雷星晖,隋明刚.基于供应链的供应商绩效评价体系研究[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),2002,4.
[22]王双龙,刘建新,陈雪阳.供应链下企业与供应商间战略合作伙伴关系的构建[J].兰州学刊,2005,1.
[23]陈启申.ERP——从内部集成开始[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[24]Dickson. G.W. An analysis of vendor selection systems and daemons [J].Journal of Purchasing,1966.
[25]Weber, C.A. Current, J.R. Benton, W.C. Vender Selection Criteria and Methods [J].European Journal of Operational Research,1991.
[26]Johnson, Laura Meade, Jamie Rogers. Partner selection in agile environment [J]. 4th Annual Agility Forum Conference Proc,1995.
[27]Stemma. C.L, Goliard. DY.JIT purchasing:Attribute classification and literature review [J].Proceeding Planning Control,1993.
[28]Samuel H. Huang, Harshly Keskar. Comprehensive and configurable metrics for supply selection [J].International journal of production economics,2006.
[29]龚颖彩,梁显刚.供应链管理下的供应商管理分析[J].管理现代化,2002.
[30]史学锋,徐国华.一种基于作业成本法的多阶段供应商选择方法[J].现代电子技术,2005.
[31]李树承,胡芳.基于模糊多层次综合评价的绿色供应商选择[J].湖南大学学报,2006.
[32]TL. Sattv. Thinking With Models:Mathematical Models in the physical, Biological and Social Sciences [M],Bergamot Press, London,1981.
[33]Degrueve, Phillip Pmodhoof L. An evaluation of vendor selection models from a total cost of ownership perspective [J].European Journal of Operational Research,2000.
[34]魏权龄.评价相对有效的DEA方法[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1988.
[35]郭亚军.综合评价理论与方法[M].北京：科学出版社,2002.
[36]黄桂芝.零售营销[M].清华大学出版社,1998年5月.第1版
[37]迈克尔·利维,巴顿·韦茨.零售管理[M].人民邮电出版社,2004年9月.
[38]江西统计信息网,南通零售精矿演变过程、存在问题及发展趋势浅析,http://www.jx.stats.gov.cn 2005-12-19
[39]Arjan Jvan Weele.梅绍祖,阮笑雷,巢来春译.采购与供应链管理分析、规划及其实践[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002(12)：122-128.
[40]邹辉霞.论供应商开发及管理[J].江汉论坛,2004(11).
[41]姜红刚,杨西龙,王进.基于供应链环境下的供应商评价指标体系的研究[J].物流技术,2006(7).
[42]仲维清,侯强.供应商评价指标体系与评价模型研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2003(3).
[43]郑健壮,赖月云.战略性供应商选择的评价指标体系研究[J].内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006(36).
[44]闰宪新,顾力刚.精益生产条件下的供应商模糊综合评价方法[J].机械管理开发,2004(6).
[45]Roodhooft F., Kornings J. Vendor Selection and Evaluation:An Activity Based Costing Approach [J].European Journal of Operational Research,1996,96(1): 97-102.
[46]Charnes A, Cooper W, Rhodes E. Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units [J].European Journal of Operational Research,1978,12(1).
[47]胡松评.企业采购与供应商管理七大实战技能[M].北京大学出版社,2003.
[48]王迎军.供应链管理实用建模方法及数据挖掘[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2001.
[99]王战军.非线性评估的理论探索与应用[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,2001.
[2]Kackc.P. Transatlantic trends in retailing:takeovers and flow of know-how [M]. London:Quorum,1985.
[3]Trcadgold,A. Retailing without frontiers[J].Retail and Distribution Management, 1988.
[4]Alexander, N. UK retail expansion in North America and Europe:a strategic dilemma [J].Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,1995.
[5]Alexander N. International retailing [M]. Oxford:Black-well business,1997.
[6]Dawson, J. The internationalization of retailing [A].In Bromley, RDF and Thomas, C.J. Retail change:contemporary issues [C].London:UCL Press, 1993.
[7]Beckon, M. and Holies-Hassid, M.L. Distribution[M].Accursed Strategies, Economics,1993.
[8]Davies, G and McGoldrick, PJ. International retailing:trends and strategies [M]. London:Pitman Publishing,1995.
[9]Quinn B. The temporal context of UK retailers' motives for international expansion [J].The Service Industries Journal,1999.
[10]Koch, Adam J. Factors influencing market and entry mode selection:developing the MEMS model [J].Marketing Intelligence Planning,2001.
[11]Evans, J. and Malodor F.T. Psychic distance and organizational performance:an empirical examination of international retailing operations [J].Journal of International Business Studies,2002.
[12]Evans, J.Malodor, F.T., Birdsong, K. Psychic distance:antecedents,retail strategy implications, and performance outcomes [J].Journal of International Marketing,2008.
[13]桁林.全球化意味着什么——跨国零售企业超高速发展的启示[J].焦点评论,2001.
[14]苏朝辉.跨国零售采购市场的营销策略研究[J].华侨大学学报,2005.
[15]刘洋燕,董瑾.零售业国际化经验及其启示[J].北京理工大学学报,2006.
[16]Dickson G W.An analysis of vendor selection systems and daemons [J].Journal of Purchasing,1966,(2):5-17.
[17]Hatherall D A. Purchasing in the Pham acoustical industry [M].Unpublished M Phil Thesis, Department of Management Science Lancaster University, UK, 1988:21-30.
[18]Mary Johnson, Laura Meade, Jamie Rogers. Partner selection in agile environment [A].4th Annual Agility Forum Conference Proc,1995:496-505.
[19]陈荣秋,湛述勇.论JIT环境下制造商和供应商之间的关系[J].管理工程学报,1998,12.
[20]林勇,马士华.供应链管理环境下供应商的综合评价选择研究[J].管理现代化,2001,5.
[21]霍佳震,雷星晖,隋明刚.基于供应链的供应商绩效评价体系研究[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),2002,4.
[22]王双龙,刘建新,陈雪阳.供应链下企业与供应商间战略合作伙伴关系的构建[J].兰州学刊,2005,1.
[23]陈启申.ERP——从内部集成开始[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[24]Dickson. G.W. An analysis of vendor selection systems and daemons [J].Journal of Purchasing,1966.
[25]Weber, C.A. Current, J.R. Benton, W.C. Vender Selection Criteria and Methods [J].European Journal of Operational Research,1991.
[26]Johnson, Laura Meade, Jamie Rogers. Partner selection in agile environment [J]. 4th Annual Agility Forum Conference Proc,1995.
[27]Stemma. C.L, Goliard. DY.JIT purchasing:Attribute classification and literature review [J].Proceeding Planning Control,1993.
[28]Samuel H. Huang, Harshly Keskar. Comprehensive and configurable metrics for supply selection [J].International journal of production economics,2006.
[29]龚颖彩,梁显刚.供应链管理下的供应商管理分析[J].管理现代化,2002.
[30]史学锋,徐国华.一种基于作业成本法的多阶段供应商选择方法[J].现代电子技术,2005.
[31]李树承,胡芳.基于模糊多层次综合评价的绿色供应商选择[J].湖南大学学报,2006.
[32]TL. Sattv. Thinking With Models:Mathematical Models in the physical, Biological and Social Sciences [M],Bergamot Press, London,1981.
[33]Degrueve, Phillip Pmodhoof L. An evaluation of vendor selection models from a total cost of ownership perspective [J].European Journal of Operational Research,2000.
[34]魏权龄.评价相对有效的DEA方法[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1988.
[35]郭亚军.综合评价理论与方法[M].北京：科学出版社,2002.
[36]黄桂芝.零售营销[M].清华大学出版社,1998年5月.第1版
[37]迈克尔·利维,巴顿·韦茨.零售管理[M].人民邮电出版社,2004年9月.
[38]江西统计信息网,南通零售精矿演变过程、存在问题及发展趋势浅析,http://www.jx.stats.gov.cn 2005-12-19
[39]Arjan Jvan Weele.梅绍祖,阮笑雷,巢来春译.采购与供应链管理分析、规划及其实践[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002(12)：122-128.
[40]邹辉霞.论供应商开发及管理[J].江汉论坛,2004(11).
[41]姜红刚,杨西龙,王进.基于供应链环境下的供应商评价指标体系的研究[J].物流技术,2006(7).
[42]仲维清,侯强.供应商评价指标体系与评价模型研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2003(3).
[43]郑健壮,赖月云.战略性供应商选择的评价指标体系研究[J].内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006(36).
[44]闰宪新,顾力刚.精益生产条件下的供应商模糊综合评价方法[J].机械管理开发,2004(6).
[45]Roodhooft F., Kornings J. Vendor Selection and Evaluation:An Activity Based Costing Approach [J].European Journal of Operational Research,1996,96(1): 97-102.
[46]Charnes A, Cooper W, Rhodes E. Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units [J].European Journal of Operational Research,1978,12(1).
[47]胡松评.企业采购与供应商管理七大实战技能[M].北京大学出版社,2003.
[48]王迎军.供应链管理实用建模方法及数据挖掘[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2001.
[99]王战军.非线性评估的理论探索与应用[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,2001.