生态护坡在云南高速公路建设中的应用
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摘要
目前全国高速公路建设的重点已从条件较好的平原微丘向山区挺进,导致山区高速公路建设与环境保护的矛盾越发突出。由于高速公路建设是以破坏生态环境为代价的一项现代化工程,其开挖路堑、填筑路堤,都会导致原生植被破坏、动物栖息地破坏、水土侵蚀等一系列生态环境问题,所以如何恢复和重建高速公路边坡及路侧两旁的自然生态植被成为建设生态型高速公路的重要研究方向之一。生态护坡依靠植物根系的加固作用来稳定边坡,利用植被的水文效应来防止水土流失,通过植被的生态效应来恢复被工程建设破坏的生态环境。
生态护坡在高速公路建设中应用的目的是运用生物防护与结构防护相结合的形式来治理滑坡,并通过生态防护来治理由于大量土石方开挖造成的水土流失,恢复道路两旁的植被,改善公路的景观,减少高等级公路建设对其周边的环境影响。目前我国生态护坡在高速公路建设中的应用日益广泛,其技术的发展也较为迅速,但在工程应用过程中没有相关的设计规范和质量验收标准,也没有专门的设计单位和施工队伍。针对生态护坡的理论研究滞后于其工程实践的现状,本文首先从生态护坡的作用机理和防护作用介绍生态护坡在高速公路建设中运用的优势及存在的局限,然后介绍生态护坡应用中的十种主要类型及其特点,并对生态护坡在应用过程中的技术方案、植被的选择进行了阐述；最后通过对目前云南高速公路生态护坡工程的设计方案及工程实例的深入分析,提出生态护坡在云南高速公路应用中存在的问题以及相应的建议。
通过以上内容,阐明了生态护坡在云南省高速公路建设中的应用,需要根据云南地处高原,地形复杂的特点综合运用结构防护与生物防护的技术,通过两者的有机结合来弥补各自在治理滑坡上的局限；加强不同气候区植被的筛选和培育,以适应云南气候多样的特点；同时在高速公路选线阶段就要树立起环境保护的意识,统筹考虑生态护坡在高速公路建设中的应用问题。
At present the National Highway Construction has shifted its focus from better conditions to the mountain plains, which makes the environmental protection of highway construction in mountainous areas increasingly prominent. However, the highway construction is a modernization project based on the cost of damage to the ecological environment, cutting excavation and embankment filling so on have led to destruction of the original vegetation, animal habitat destruction, soil erosion, such as a series of eco-environmental problems。So restorage and reconstruction of the natural vegetation of the highway and the road sides is imperative.
Ecological slope protection at the application of high-grade highway construction is aimed at using the form of a combination of bio-defense and structure protection to govern landslides, and govern earth excavation through the ecological protection caused from substantial soil erosion, restore the vegetation in both sides of the roads, improve road landscape, reduce surrounding environmental impacts caused by highway construction. Now the application of ecological revetment in high-grade highway construction increasingly widespread, which technical development is also quicker. But in the engineering apply in the process have no related design norm and quality acceptance standard, also have no specialized design unit and construction troops. Aiming at the present condition of the theories research after its practiced at engineering in the ecosystem protects, this text first introduce the advantage and limiting of the ecosystem protect usage in the superhighway from the function mechanism and protection function, then introduce 12 kinds of main types and its characteristics in the application of ecosystem protect, elaborate the technique project and vegetation to carry on in the applying of ecosystem protect.For the design project and engineering solid example currently to superhighway ecosystem in Yunnan carry on thorough analysis, and aim at the problems of ecosystem protect application in the superhighway of Yunnan put forward a homologous suggestion.
Pass an above contents, clarified the application of ecosystem protect in the superhighway construction at Yunnan. Need according to the ground plateau and geography complicated in Yunnan, characteristics synthesizes to make use of a living creature protection and structure protection technique,Pass the organic combine to make up each limit in managing a slippery ascent. strengthen vegetation sieving and cultivate of different weather area, to adapt to diverse weather in Yunnan, In the meantime start to set up environmental protection consciousness when choose a line stage in the superhighway,orchestrating consider the problems of ecosystem protect application in the superhighway.
生态护坡在高速公路建设中应用的目的是运用生物防护与结构防护相结合的形式来治理滑坡,并通过生态防护来治理由于大量土石方开挖造成的水土流失,恢复道路两旁的植被,改善公路的景观,减少高等级公路建设对其周边的环境影响。目前我国生态护坡在高速公路建设中的应用日益广泛,其技术的发展也较为迅速,但在工程应用过程中没有相关的设计规范和质量验收标准,也没有专门的设计单位和施工队伍。针对生态护坡的理论研究滞后于其工程实践的现状,本文首先从生态护坡的作用机理和防护作用介绍生态护坡在高速公路建设中运用的优势及存在的局限,然后介绍生态护坡应用中的十种主要类型及其特点,并对生态护坡在应用过程中的技术方案、植被的选择进行了阐述；最后通过对目前云南高速公路生态护坡工程的设计方案及工程实例的深入分析,提出生态护坡在云南高速公路应用中存在的问题以及相应的建议。
通过以上内容,阐明了生态护坡在云南省高速公路建设中的应用,需要根据云南地处高原,地形复杂的特点综合运用结构防护与生物防护的技术,通过两者的有机结合来弥补各自在治理滑坡上的局限；加强不同气候区植被的筛选和培育,以适应云南气候多样的特点；同时在高速公路选线阶段就要树立起环境保护的意识,统筹考虑生态护坡在高速公路建设中的应用问题。
At present the National Highway Construction has shifted its focus from better conditions to the mountain plains, which makes the environmental protection of highway construction in mountainous areas increasingly prominent. However, the highway construction is a modernization project based on the cost of damage to the ecological environment, cutting excavation and embankment filling so on have led to destruction of the original vegetation, animal habitat destruction, soil erosion, such as a series of eco-environmental problems。So restorage and reconstruction of the natural vegetation of the highway and the road sides is imperative.
Ecological slope protection at the application of high-grade highway construction is aimed at using the form of a combination of bio-defense and structure protection to govern landslides, and govern earth excavation through the ecological protection caused from substantial soil erosion, restore the vegetation in both sides of the roads, improve road landscape, reduce surrounding environmental impacts caused by highway construction. Now the application of ecological revetment in high-grade highway construction increasingly widespread, which technical development is also quicker. But in the engineering apply in the process have no related design norm and quality acceptance standard, also have no specialized design unit and construction troops. Aiming at the present condition of the theories research after its practiced at engineering in the ecosystem protects, this text first introduce the advantage and limiting of the ecosystem protect usage in the superhighway from the function mechanism and protection function, then introduce 12 kinds of main types and its characteristics in the application of ecosystem protect, elaborate the technique project and vegetation to carry on in the applying of ecosystem protect.For the design project and engineering solid example currently to superhighway ecosystem in Yunnan carry on thorough analysis, and aim at the problems of ecosystem protect application in the superhighway of Yunnan put forward a homologous suggestion.
Pass an above contents, clarified the application of ecosystem protect in the superhighway construction at Yunnan. Need according to the ground plateau and geography complicated in Yunnan, characteristics synthesizes to make use of a living creature protection and structure protection technique,Pass the organic combine to make up each limit in managing a slippery ascent. strengthen vegetation sieving and cultivate of different weather area, to adapt to diverse weather in Yunnan, In the meantime start to set up environmental protection consciousness when choose a line stage in the superhighway,orchestrating consider the problems of ecosystem protect application in the superhighway.
引文
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[17]Sotir, R.B, Mc Caffrey, M.A.Stabilization of high soil and rock cut slope by soil Bioengineering and conventional engineering[J].Transp.Res.Rec.,1997, (1589)
[18]Sotir, R. B. Soil bioengineering takes root[J]. Civ. Engrg, ASCE,1998,568 (7):50 53
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[22]Sotir, R.B.Criteria for woody vegetation placement in streambank protection[A].In International Erosion Control Association Proceedings [C], Chicago, IL,1998
[23]Goldsmith, W. Soil reinforcement by river plants:progress results[A].In Proceedings of the Conference on Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration[C], ASCE,1998
[24]Polster, D. F. Soil bioengineering for steep/unstable slope and riparianrestoration[J]. Watershed Restoration Technical Bulletin,1999,4(4):1-8
[25]位原则之.田口睦.通过高次团粒SF绿化系统的面层施工方法[J].基础工1999,27(5)：46-49
[26]坂手三千兵.掘要,柴田正.使用NETSUTO法面绿化[P],JP3250120,1991-11-07
[27]公路建设中“生态技术”方案的选择与应用[J].http：//www.baidu.com.cn
[28]曹克平.日本高速公路的养管工作[J].国外公路,1997,17(6)：5～9
[29]陈佐忠,面向二十一世纪的中国草业科学与草坪业[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社,1998
[30]邹占国.水力喷草技术在防治水土流失中的应用[J].水土保持科技情报,1999,(2)：29-31
[31]陈锡民.植草技术在路基边坡防护中的应用.路基工程[J].1999,(1)：17～19
[32]李和平,张瑞强,张文秀等.水力喷播技术引进及试验研究[J].水土保持通报,1999,19(2)：27～30
[33]刘朝晖,李宇峙.高速公路边坡坡面生物防护方法研究[J].路基工程,1999,(3)4～7
[34]吴长文,章梦涛,付奇峰.斜坡喷播绿化技术的研究[J].中国水土保持,2000,(4)：24～26
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