砂卵石地层土压平衡盾构掘进引起的土体变形及控制方法
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摘要
砂卵石地层是一种典型的力学不稳定层,其力学特性和物理特性与软土、黄土及复合地层差别很大,地层中的卵石颗粒在无水状态下点对点传力,受扰动后地层反应灵敏。该地层岩体松散、无胶结、自稳能力差、单个石块强度高;颗粒之间空隙大、粘聚力小、渗透系数大。在此类地层中进行盾构施工国内尚属首次,世界上也比较罕见,类似地层只有台北捷运、意大利都灵地铁及日本的地铁、输水隧洞中遇到过。土压平衡盾构(EPB)在长距离、大面积砂卵石地层中掘进会遇到地表沉降大、掘进效率低,渣土流动性差、刀盘刀具磨损严重,开挖面稳定较难控制等诸多问题。就我国和世界上大部分地区的盾构施工来看,软土盾构隧道引起地层移动和变形规律的研究较为深入,复合地层和黄土地层施工扰动也进行了大量的研究。而对砂卵石地层条件下盾构施工地层变形规律和控制方法的研究较少。该地层的特殊性及区域性也导致目前还没有砂卵石地层成熟的土体变形理论和沉降规律可以参考。
论文以成都地铁1号线2标人民北路～天府广场3个区间站为背景,分析了砂卵石地层盾构掘进土体变形的影响因素,归纳总结了我国主要地铁城市地层特点及盾构掘进沉降规律。利用离散元软件PFC,研究了盾构在砂卵石地层中掘进掌子面坍塌过程及三种工况土仓内应力分布状态;利用有限元软件ANSYS建立三维数值模型,研究了土压平衡盾构在不同的掘进压力、注浆等代层厚度、隧道覆土厚度、隧道净距等条件下地表沉降规律,分析了地表沉降的时间历程及影响范围。从整体上把握了规律性问题,提出了各参数控制性建议。最后结合成都地铁1号线2标段工程实例,分析了盾构施工主要施工参数如:掘进速度、注浆压力、千斤顶推力、3号应力点土仓压力和地表沉降的关系。在土压平衡盾构施工关键控制措施方面,以盾构过万福桥为例,研究了穿越施工降低地层扰动的控制措施、注浆控制措施及刀具适应性改造措施。希望为以后类似地层盾构隧道的设计、施工提供提供指导意见,创造更好的社会效益和经济效益。
Sandy cobble stratum is a typical mechanical unstable layer, the mechanical properties and physical properties of the stratum much differ from soft soil, loess and composite stratum greatly. Gravel particles of sandy cobble stratum passes force point-to-point under waterless status and the stratum responses sensitively after being disturbed. In the stratum, rock masses are loose,noncemented and bad self-stable, strenghth of single rock is high; the interspace is wide and the permeability coefficient is large. It is rare in the world and firstly tunnelled in such stratum in China, the similar stratum can be found in Taipei metro, Torino metro, Japan metro and water conveyance tunnel. When the Earth Pressure Blance shield tunnelling in long and large-area sandy cobble stratum, it will meet many problems, such as large surface settlement, low tunnelling efficiency, residual soil with bad fluidity, shield cutters with severe wear and difficult to control stability of excavation face. From the shield contructions in domestic and overseas, we can find that ground movement and deformation regularity caused by soft soil tunnelling are thorough researched, construction disturbance of composite stratum and loess stratum are also researched extensively, but the deformation regularity and control measures of shield construction in sandy cobble stratum are researched rarely . Particularity and regionality of the stratum result in no ripe theory about soil deformation and settlement regularity of sandy cobble stratum can be referenced.
Based on the background of three intervals from Renmin north road to Tianfu square on the NO.2 label of the Chengdu Metro line1, the thesis anlyzed influence factors of the soil deformation when the shield tunnelling in the sandy cobble stratum , summerization of formation characteristics and settlement regularity of main metro cities in domestic. Studied on the collapse process of excavation face when the shield tunnelling in the sandy cobble stratum and stress distribution in the chamber under three conditions by discrete element software-PFC; studied on the settlement regularity when the EPB tunnelling under conditions of different tunnelling pressure, different thickness of equivalent circle zone, different thickness of covering soil and different clear distance and analyzed the settlement process and influence scope by constructing three-dimension numerical model based on finite element software-ANSYS. Grasped regulary problems wholely and proposed suggestions for control parameters. Finally, analyzed main tunnelling parameters such as tunnelling velocity, grouting pressure, thrust force of the jack and the relationship between chamber pressure of the NO.3 stress point with surface settlement based on the project examples. Took the Wanfu Bridge for example, the thesis studied on the control measures for decreasing ground disturbance,grouting and improving cutters adapatability of crossing construction. Wishing the analysis results could provide basis for further similar tunnelling design and construction to create social benefits and economic benefits.
论文以成都地铁1号线2标人民北路～天府广场3个区间站为背景,分析了砂卵石地层盾构掘进土体变形的影响因素,归纳总结了我国主要地铁城市地层特点及盾构掘进沉降规律。利用离散元软件PFC,研究了盾构在砂卵石地层中掘进掌子面坍塌过程及三种工况土仓内应力分布状态;利用有限元软件ANSYS建立三维数值模型,研究了土压平衡盾构在不同的掘进压力、注浆等代层厚度、隧道覆土厚度、隧道净距等条件下地表沉降规律,分析了地表沉降的时间历程及影响范围。从整体上把握了规律性问题,提出了各参数控制性建议。最后结合成都地铁1号线2标段工程实例,分析了盾构施工主要施工参数如:掘进速度、注浆压力、千斤顶推力、3号应力点土仓压力和地表沉降的关系。在土压平衡盾构施工关键控制措施方面,以盾构过万福桥为例,研究了穿越施工降低地层扰动的控制措施、注浆控制措施及刀具适应性改造措施。希望为以后类似地层盾构隧道的设计、施工提供提供指导意见,创造更好的社会效益和经济效益。
Sandy cobble stratum is a typical mechanical unstable layer, the mechanical properties and physical properties of the stratum much differ from soft soil, loess and composite stratum greatly. Gravel particles of sandy cobble stratum passes force point-to-point under waterless status and the stratum responses sensitively after being disturbed. In the stratum, rock masses are loose,noncemented and bad self-stable, strenghth of single rock is high; the interspace is wide and the permeability coefficient is large. It is rare in the world and firstly tunnelled in such stratum in China, the similar stratum can be found in Taipei metro, Torino metro, Japan metro and water conveyance tunnel. When the Earth Pressure Blance shield tunnelling in long and large-area sandy cobble stratum, it will meet many problems, such as large surface settlement, low tunnelling efficiency, residual soil with bad fluidity, shield cutters with severe wear and difficult to control stability of excavation face. From the shield contructions in domestic and overseas, we can find that ground movement and deformation regularity caused by soft soil tunnelling are thorough researched, construction disturbance of composite stratum and loess stratum are also researched extensively, but the deformation regularity and control measures of shield construction in sandy cobble stratum are researched rarely . Particularity and regionality of the stratum result in no ripe theory about soil deformation and settlement regularity of sandy cobble stratum can be referenced.
Based on the background of three intervals from Renmin north road to Tianfu square on the NO.2 label of the Chengdu Metro line1, the thesis anlyzed influence factors of the soil deformation when the shield tunnelling in the sandy cobble stratum , summerization of formation characteristics and settlement regularity of main metro cities in domestic. Studied on the collapse process of excavation face when the shield tunnelling in the sandy cobble stratum and stress distribution in the chamber under three conditions by discrete element software-PFC; studied on the settlement regularity when the EPB tunnelling under conditions of different tunnelling pressure, different thickness of equivalent circle zone, different thickness of covering soil and different clear distance and analyzed the settlement process and influence scope by constructing three-dimension numerical model based on finite element software-ANSYS. Grasped regulary problems wholely and proposed suggestions for control parameters. Finally, analyzed main tunnelling parameters such as tunnelling velocity, grouting pressure, thrust force of the jack and the relationship between chamber pressure of the NO.3 stress point with surface settlement based on the project examples. Took the Wanfu Bridge for example, the thesis studied on the control measures for decreasing ground disturbance,grouting and improving cutters adapatability of crossing construction. Wishing the analysis results could provide basis for further similar tunnelling design and construction to create social benefits and economic benefits.
引文
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10陈正勋,何泰源,陈福胜.卵砾石层潜盾隧道设计考虑研析[J].隧道建设,2007(S2):273～277
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