基于热媒温度的供热系统经济节能运行方式
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摘要
我国已把资源节约列入基本国策,目前建筑节能也得到前所未有的重视。我国建筑采暖比例大、能耗高,单位面积采暖能耗折合标准煤平均为20kg/m2.年,若与发达国家相同形式的采暖建筑相比较,为发达国家相同气候条件下建筑采暖能耗的1～1.5倍。除了因为建筑围护结构保温不良、供热系统效率不高和热源调节不当等问题导致我国建筑采暖能耗偏高外,还有一个重要原因是普遍存在着“大流量、小温差”运行机制,造成了泵的输送能耗增加和系统末端装置及管材的浪费。本文主要针对集中供热系统的热媒温度与系统初投资及输送能耗的关系进行研究。
以长春市的某一集中供热小区为例进行设计计算,计算内容包括:二次网的热媒温度与系统初投资及输送能耗的关系;一次网的热媒温度与系统初投资及输送能耗的关系;集中供热系统采用直接连接、混水连接与间接连接的热媒温度与系统初投资及输送能耗的关系,对计算结果进行理论分析与对比,对热媒温度与回水温度进行优化,并且利用Eexergy分析方法比较了不同热媒温度的Exergy损和Exergy效率。
计算结果表明,供热系统的热媒温度对经济性影响较大,热媒温度越高、温差越大,系统管材初投资和输送能耗越小;供热系统的混水连接方式在节省系统初投资及运行电耗方面都显现了很大的优越性,应积极推广使用。本文还提出了运用年计算费用法来确定最佳回水温度,并确定了计算最佳回水温度的方法,当二次网供水温度为60℃时,最佳回水温度为48℃;当二次网供水温度为90℃时,最佳回水温度为64-66℃。利用热力学的Exergy分析方法表明,在以锅炉为热源的供热系统中,应尽量采用高温热媒。适当提高热媒温度,对降低供热系统输送能耗与材料消耗具有显著的影响。
本文针对集中供热系统的热媒温度、管网连接方式与输送能耗及材料消耗之间的关系进行了研究,适用于以锅炉为热源的供热系统,对集中供热系统的工程设计、运行管理具有普遍的指导意义。
The resource-saving has been regarded as one of the basic national policies in our country. At present, the building energy-saving is unprecedented paid more attention . Our country has large scale and high energy consuming building heat supply. Its energy consumption for heating on unit area was 20 (kg/㎡.a) standard coal, which was 1～1.5 times compared to developed country in the same style of building heat supply and the same climate situation. Besides the problems of poor thermal insulation performance of building envelope, low efficient heating system and improper energy source control, which could result in high building heating consumption, another important reason was the prevalent operation mechanism of large flow rate and small temperature difference, which could bring about high transport consumption of pump and the waste of material for the terminal device and pipeline. The relationship between heating medium temperature in central heating system and system initial investment as well as transport consumption is studied in this article.
Taking a residential architecture district for example in Changchun, it contain that relationship of secondary network investment as well as operation power consumption and heating medium temperature, relationship of primary network investment as well as operation power consumption and heating medium temperature, relationship of initial investment as well as operation power consumption and temperature difference in connection with heat transfer station, mixing-pump and direct connection. Analyzing the results to optimize heat medium temperature and return water temperature, and compred different heat medium temperature of Exergy efficiency and Exergy loss by Eexergy analysis.
The results show that the heat medium temperature of heating system deserve greater impact on the economy, the higher the heat medium temperature, the greater difference in temperature, the smaller initial investment of the system pipe and transport energy consumption;In heating system, connection with mixing-pump has more superiority for saving systems initial investment and operating power consumption, it should be used widely. This paper also proposed the use of cost method in all year computing to determine the optimum return water temperature. when the water temperature of the second network is 60℃, the best return water temperature is 48℃; when the water temperature of the second network is 90℃, the best return water temperature is 64-66℃. Exergy use of thermodynamic analysis shows that as the heat source to the boiler heating system should be adopted in high-temperature heat medium. Appropriately increasing the heat medium temperature, reducing energy consumption and heating system to carry the material consumption has a significant impact.
In this paper, the realationship among heat medium temperature, pipe connection, transport energy consumption, material consumption of central heating system are studied, it is applicable to heating system by boiler as the heat source, it has a universal significance on the central heating system design, operation and management.
The results show that the heat medium temperature of heating system greater impact on the economy, the higher the heat medium temperature, the greater difference in temperature, the system pipe smaller initial investment and transport energy consumption;In heating system, Connection Type of mixing with water for saving systems initial investment and operating power consumption aspects show great advantages,it should actively promote the use widely. This paper also proposed the use of cost method in all year computing to determine the best return water temperature and the best method of best return water temperature calculation, when the water temperature of the second network is 60℃, the best return water temperature is 48℃; when the water temperature of the second network is 90℃, the best return water temperature is 64-66℃. Exergy use of thermodynamic analysis shows that as the heat source to the boiler heating system should be adopted in high-temperature heat medium. Appropriately increasing the heat medium temperature, reducing energy consumption and heating system to carry the material consumption has a significant impact.
In this paper, the realationship among heat medium temperature, pipe connection, transport energy consumption, material consumption of central heating system are studied, it is applicable to heating system by boiler as the heat source, it has a universal significance on the central heating system design, operation and management.
以长春市的某一集中供热小区为例进行设计计算,计算内容包括:二次网的热媒温度与系统初投资及输送能耗的关系;一次网的热媒温度与系统初投资及输送能耗的关系;集中供热系统采用直接连接、混水连接与间接连接的热媒温度与系统初投资及输送能耗的关系,对计算结果进行理论分析与对比,对热媒温度与回水温度进行优化,并且利用Eexergy分析方法比较了不同热媒温度的Exergy损和Exergy效率。
计算结果表明,供热系统的热媒温度对经济性影响较大,热媒温度越高、温差越大,系统管材初投资和输送能耗越小;供热系统的混水连接方式在节省系统初投资及运行电耗方面都显现了很大的优越性,应积极推广使用。本文还提出了运用年计算费用法来确定最佳回水温度,并确定了计算最佳回水温度的方法,当二次网供水温度为60℃时,最佳回水温度为48℃;当二次网供水温度为90℃时,最佳回水温度为64-66℃。利用热力学的Exergy分析方法表明,在以锅炉为热源的供热系统中,应尽量采用高温热媒。适当提高热媒温度,对降低供热系统输送能耗与材料消耗具有显著的影响。
本文针对集中供热系统的热媒温度、管网连接方式与输送能耗及材料消耗之间的关系进行了研究,适用于以锅炉为热源的供热系统,对集中供热系统的工程设计、运行管理具有普遍的指导意义。
The resource-saving has been regarded as one of the basic national policies in our country. At present, the building energy-saving is unprecedented paid more attention . Our country has large scale and high energy consuming building heat supply. Its energy consumption for heating on unit area was 20 (kg/㎡.a) standard coal, which was 1～1.5 times compared to developed country in the same style of building heat supply and the same climate situation. Besides the problems of poor thermal insulation performance of building envelope, low efficient heating system and improper energy source control, which could result in high building heating consumption, another important reason was the prevalent operation mechanism of large flow rate and small temperature difference, which could bring about high transport consumption of pump and the waste of material for the terminal device and pipeline. The relationship between heating medium temperature in central heating system and system initial investment as well as transport consumption is studied in this article.
Taking a residential architecture district for example in Changchun, it contain that relationship of secondary network investment as well as operation power consumption and heating medium temperature, relationship of primary network investment as well as operation power consumption and heating medium temperature, relationship of initial investment as well as operation power consumption and temperature difference in connection with heat transfer station, mixing-pump and direct connection. Analyzing the results to optimize heat medium temperature and return water temperature, and compred different heat medium temperature of Exergy efficiency and Exergy loss by Eexergy analysis.
The results show that the heat medium temperature of heating system deserve greater impact on the economy, the higher the heat medium temperature, the greater difference in temperature, the smaller initial investment of the system pipe and transport energy consumption;In heating system, connection with mixing-pump has more superiority for saving systems initial investment and operating power consumption, it should be used widely. This paper also proposed the use of cost method in all year computing to determine the optimum return water temperature. when the water temperature of the second network is 60℃, the best return water temperature is 48℃; when the water temperature of the second network is 90℃, the best return water temperature is 64-66℃. Exergy use of thermodynamic analysis shows that as the heat source to the boiler heating system should be adopted in high-temperature heat medium. Appropriately increasing the heat medium temperature, reducing energy consumption and heating system to carry the material consumption has a significant impact.
In this paper, the realationship among heat medium temperature, pipe connection, transport energy consumption, material consumption of central heating system are studied, it is applicable to heating system by boiler as the heat source, it has a universal significance on the central heating system design, operation and management.
The results show that the heat medium temperature of heating system greater impact on the economy, the higher the heat medium temperature, the greater difference in temperature, the system pipe smaller initial investment and transport energy consumption;In heating system, Connection Type of mixing with water for saving systems initial investment and operating power consumption aspects show great advantages,it should actively promote the use widely. This paper also proposed the use of cost method in all year computing to determine the best return water temperature and the best method of best return water temperature calculation, when the water temperature of the second network is 60℃, the best return water temperature is 48℃; when the water temperature of the second network is 90℃, the best return water temperature is 64-66℃. Exergy use of thermodynamic analysis shows that as the heat source to the boiler heating system should be adopted in high-temperature heat medium. Appropriately increasing the heat medium temperature, reducing energy consumption and heating system to carry the material consumption has a significant impact.
In this paper, the realationship among heat medium temperature, pipe connection, transport energy consumption, material consumption of central heating system are studied, it is applicable to heating system by boiler as the heat source, it has a universal significance on the central heating system design, operation and management.
引文
1.郭慧,杜琳琳,华偾.我国能源形势分析及其解决对策,广东化工,2005,(6)
2.张东林.能源危机激发建筑节能潜力,中国建设报,2004 ,25(8)
3.江亿.我国建筑能耗状况及有效的节能途径,暖通空调,2005,35(5)
4.李先瑞.从统计数字看我国的集中供热.区域供热,2003,6
5.贺平,孙刚.供热工程(第三版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993
6.葛风华,周英利,贾桂菊.大流量低温差供热水系统节电运行方式分析工业锅炉, 2006 , 96 (2)
7.张锡虎.供暖系统散热面积偏大及其影响.建筑设备,1988 (1)
8.李善化,康慧.集中供热设计手册,中国电力出版社,1996
9.涂光备,周文忠,于松波,等.热力站合理规模的研究.煤气与热力,2002 , 22 (4)
10.S.Grossberg.Adaptive Pattern Classification and Universal Recoding,I:Parallel Developmentand Coding of Neural Feature Defactors.Biological Cybernaties,1976(23)
11. T.W.S.Chow,C.T.Leung.Neural Networks Based Short Term Load Forecasting Using Weather Compensation.IEEEE Transactions on Power System,1996,11(4)
12.徐忠堂.发展中的中国城市集中供热,城市发展研究,2000(4)
13. Zhang H Y,Ebadian M A,Compo A,Viscoelastic fluids heat transfer,Number Heat Transfer,1990,17(8)
14. Schmidt T,Angold D M,Müller steinhagen H,Central solar heating plants with seasonal storage in Germany[J],Solar Energy,2004,76
15. Nordell B,Hellstrom G,High temperature solar heated seasonal storage for low temperature heating of buildings[J],Solar Energy,2000,69(6)
16. Yumrutas R,Unsal M,Analysis of solar heat pump systems with seasonal thermal energy in surface tanks[J],Energy,2000,25(12)
17. M.E.Flynn,M.J.O’Malley.Drum boiler model for long-term power system dynamic simulation.IEEE Trans,Power Syst.Jan,1999
18. Z.Niu,K.F.V.Wong.Adaptive simulation of unit boiler performance.Energy Conversion&Management.1998,39(13)
19. Finnish District Heating Association,The district heating year 2000 in Finland,Euroheat and Power.August,2001
20. Fu Lin,Jiang Yi,Yuan Weixing,Qin Xuzhong, Influence of supply and return water temperatures on the energy consumption of a district cooling system, Applied Thermal Engineering 21 (2001)
21. T. Chow, Energy modeling of district cooling system for new urban development, Energy and Building 36 (11) (2004)
22. Zhou Xuan, Yan Jun-wei, Zhu Dong-sheng, et al,New cooling regulation technology of secondary cooling station in DCS. Energy and Buildings 40 (2008)
23. H. Gunerhan, A.Hepbasli,Exergetic modeling and performance evaluation of solar water heating systems for building applications, Energy and Buildings 39(5)(2007)
24. L.Ozgener,A.Hepbasli,I.Dincer, Energy and exergy analysis of geothermaldistrict heating systems: an application, Building and Environment 40 (2005)
25. Yildiz Kalinci,Arif Hepbasli,Ismail Tavman, Determination of optimum pipe diameter along with energetic and exergetic evaluation of geothermal district heating systems:Modeling and application, Energy and Buildings 40 (2008)
26.肖勇全,袁庆涛,赵菊.地热供地板采暖最佳供回水温度的确定,山东建筑大学学报,2007,22(3)
27.周湘江,连之伟,姚晔.高温热泵供热系统的最佳供热温差,太阳能学报,2004,25(3)
28.朱纪军,刘谨.区域供冷系统及其供冷半径探讨,2004,23(1)
29.李岱森.简明供热设计手册,中国建筑工业出版社:北京,1998
30.付样钊,等.流体输配管网.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2001
31.葛凤华,于秋生,刘春菊,李明柱.基于热媒温度的供热系统经济性及火用分析,暖通空调,2009(13)
32.周纪芗编著.回归分析.上海:华东师范大学出版社,1993
33.金行仁,姚锡荣,许鸿仪.技术经济分析的基本方法,上海人民出版社:上海,1982
34. Lippmann R P.An Introduction to Computing with Neural Networks.IEEE ASSP Magazine,April 1987
35.车得福,刘银河.供热锅炉及其系统节能.北京:机械工业出版社,2008
36.朱明善.火用和能。自然杂志,1982年4月
37.王加漩.火用方法及其应用.烃加工出版社.1990年
38.杨东华.热经济学.科学出版社.2003年
39.汤学忠.热能转换与利用.冶金工业出版社,2004
40.康乐明,李力能,吴家正,谭羽飞.工程热力学,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,1999
2.张东林.能源危机激发建筑节能潜力,中国建设报,2004 ,25(8)
3.江亿.我国建筑能耗状况及有效的节能途径,暖通空调,2005,35(5)
4.李先瑞.从统计数字看我国的集中供热.区域供热,2003,6
5.贺平,孙刚.供热工程(第三版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993
6.葛风华,周英利,贾桂菊.大流量低温差供热水系统节电运行方式分析工业锅炉, 2006 , 96 (2)
7.张锡虎.供暖系统散热面积偏大及其影响.建筑设备,1988 (1)
8.李善化,康慧.集中供热设计手册,中国电力出版社,1996
9.涂光备,周文忠,于松波,等.热力站合理规模的研究.煤气与热力,2002 , 22 (4)
10.S.Grossberg.Adaptive Pattern Classification and Universal Recoding,I:Parallel Developmentand Coding of Neural Feature Defactors.Biological Cybernaties,1976(23)
11. T.W.S.Chow,C.T.Leung.Neural Networks Based Short Term Load Forecasting Using Weather Compensation.IEEEE Transactions on Power System,1996,11(4)
12.徐忠堂.发展中的中国城市集中供热,城市发展研究,2000(4)
13. Zhang H Y,Ebadian M A,Compo A,Viscoelastic fluids heat transfer,Number Heat Transfer,1990,17(8)
14. Schmidt T,Angold D M,Müller steinhagen H,Central solar heating plants with seasonal storage in Germany[J],Solar Energy,2004,76
15. Nordell B,Hellstrom G,High temperature solar heated seasonal storage for low temperature heating of buildings[J],Solar Energy,2000,69(6)
16. Yumrutas R,Unsal M,Analysis of solar heat pump systems with seasonal thermal energy in surface tanks[J],Energy,2000,25(12)
17. M.E.Flynn,M.J.O’Malley.Drum boiler model for long-term power system dynamic simulation.IEEE Trans,Power Syst.Jan,1999
18. Z.Niu,K.F.V.Wong.Adaptive simulation of unit boiler performance.Energy Conversion&Management.1998,39(13)
19. Finnish District Heating Association,The district heating year 2000 in Finland,Euroheat and Power.August,2001
20. Fu Lin,Jiang Yi,Yuan Weixing,Qin Xuzhong, Influence of supply and return water temperatures on the energy consumption of a district cooling system, Applied Thermal Engineering 21 (2001)
21. T. Chow, Energy modeling of district cooling system for new urban development, Energy and Building 36 (11) (2004)
22. Zhou Xuan, Yan Jun-wei, Zhu Dong-sheng, et al,New cooling regulation technology of secondary cooling station in DCS. Energy and Buildings 40 (2008)
23. H. Gunerhan, A.Hepbasli,Exergetic modeling and performance evaluation of solar water heating systems for building applications, Energy and Buildings 39(5)(2007)
24. L.Ozgener,A.Hepbasli,I.Dincer, Energy and exergy analysis of geothermaldistrict heating systems: an application, Building and Environment 40 (2005)
25. Yildiz Kalinci,Arif Hepbasli,Ismail Tavman, Determination of optimum pipe diameter along with energetic and exergetic evaluation of geothermal district heating systems:Modeling and application, Energy and Buildings 40 (2008)
26.肖勇全,袁庆涛,赵菊.地热供地板采暖最佳供回水温度的确定,山东建筑大学学报,2007,22(3)
27.周湘江,连之伟,姚晔.高温热泵供热系统的最佳供热温差,太阳能学报,2004,25(3)
28.朱纪军,刘谨.区域供冷系统及其供冷半径探讨,2004,23(1)
29.李岱森.简明供热设计手册,中国建筑工业出版社:北京,1998
30.付样钊,等.流体输配管网.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2001
31.葛凤华,于秋生,刘春菊,李明柱.基于热媒温度的供热系统经济性及火用分析,暖通空调,2009(13)
32.周纪芗编著.回归分析.上海:华东师范大学出版社,1993
33.金行仁,姚锡荣,许鸿仪.技术经济分析的基本方法,上海人民出版社:上海,1982
34. Lippmann R P.An Introduction to Computing with Neural Networks.IEEE ASSP Magazine,April 1987
35.车得福,刘银河.供热锅炉及其系统节能.北京:机械工业出版社,2008
36.朱明善.火用和能。自然杂志,1982年4月
37.王加漩.火用方法及其应用.烃加工出版社.1990年
38.杨东华.热经济学.科学出版社.2003年
39.汤学忠.热能转换与利用.冶金工业出版社,2004
40.康乐明,李力能,吴家正,谭羽飞.工程热力学,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,1999