基于概念设计的中国企业接受国际企业技术转移的控制研究
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摘要
国际企业对中国的技术转移,一方面促进了中国经济的高速发展,另一方面由于国际企业技术转移本身的商业目的和其延长技术生命周期、扩大技术效用或寻找出路战略,导致其给中国企业发展带来了一些消极的影响,使得中国产业技术主要源自国外,技术依赖情况严重；中国企业难以成为技术创新的主体,自主创新能力提高缓慢；获取国外先进技术的难度加大；给中国经济带来不稳定因素；造成传统知名品牌的消失等。所以中国企业应当对国际企业的技术转移进行有效的控制。
本论文通过对国际企业技术转移目的的分析和研究,以及研析中国企业接受国际企业的技术转移的目的和历程,主要完成了以下创新性工作：
1、综合分析了技术转移以及国际企业技术转移的相关理论,从中发现其缺少过程控制实施的引导。
2、运用概念设计对接受国际企业的技术转移进行有效控制,以实现统一集成的资源环境下的运行,避开因只考虑单一的技术、制造、管理等因素,难以综合评价,无法有效控制技术转移。
3、创新地提出概念设计下技术转移控制模式应包括三个层次结构：即技术控制层、转化控制层和执行控制层。以三层控制模式实现对过程的控制,从选择技术、选择对接企业一直到引进技术真正的市场化,以实现市场利润。
4、在三层模式下,进行符合中国国情的技术选择,涉及技术、经济两个方面。选择合适对接的企业接受技术,一方面依标准筛选对接企业,同时运用科学、合理的评价指标体系,统一选择适宜的技术。
5、为有效地实现技术转移,应充分应用组合贸易。
论文共分七章,全面论述了中国企业接受国际企业技术转移的控制过程中的问题,并对概念设计下技术转移的三层控制理论和其间的活动和技术进行了全面分析。论述全面详尽,阐述相应的理论及应用,具有一定理论指导意义,更具有操作性。有助于更好地实现技术转移控制。
Technological transfers from international businesses to China have contributed to China's economic boom. However, the transfers have exerted negative impacts upon the development of Chinese enterprises. Normally, in the process of transferring technologies, international businesses follow the following strategies:Prolong the technological life cycle; Expand the technological efficacy; Explore new ways out. The impacts of the transfers on China are demonstrated in these aspects:Due to such transfers, Chinese enterprises are heavily reliant upon the transferred technologies; Chinese enterprises' innovativeness is negatively affected; Lack of technological support for restructuring and upgrades; More barriers in obtaining cutting-edge overseas technologies; New product development capacities are weakened; May destabilize China's economy; Disappearance of traditional renowned domestic brands. Therefore, China must take measures to effectively control the technological transfer by international businesses.
This article, by analyzing motives of international businesses transferring technologies, has accomplished the following research objectives:
1. Comprehensively reviewed theories related to technological transfers and international businesses'technological transfers. The previous theories in this area need further instructions on how to guide the transfer process. In the context of globalization, these theories demonstrate their weaknesses in two aspects:Lack of operation process; Lack of consistency under multifarious circumstances.
2. One of the design approaches for the transfer process is the concept design approach. With focus upon operation in a context of integrated resources, this approach could eliminate problems associated with other approaches. This means that in the course of the transfer, we should not just consider the transfer parse, we need to establish a comprehensive, accurate and consistent model to describe and convey all product information involved in the product life cycle, so that sharing of the information regarding the technology may be realized. This approach is also conducive to restructuring the information and its functions, and perfecting the transfer process in a context of integrated resources.
3. The concept design technological transfer control model is composed of three parts: technological control, transfer control and implementation control. The most outstanding feature of this model is this three-tier control mechanism. By integrating technological selection, partner selection and technological introduction can we generate market profits.
4. How do we carry out the technological selection under the guidance of the Three-tier model. Technological selection encompasses not only rich technological contents, but also rich economic contents. The model is not a pure technological concept, nor is a pure economic concept. The research proposes transfer control model. What sets this research apart from previous studies is the proposition that not all enterprises that contribute financial resources to the technological transfer can become the recipient of the transferred technologies, and we need to cautiously select the enterprises that meet the qualification criteria. More enterprises should, according to their own capacities, determine their positioning and development strategies.
5. For the execution and technologies related to the concept system, its innovation focuses on execution feasibility from the commercial perspective. The greatest innovation in terms of execution is in the combination of international technological trade mechanisms.
This thesis is composed of seven chapters and elaborates upon issues related to international technological transfers in China. In addition, the thesis discusses about the Three-tier model, its activities and technologies in the context of the concept design. The research can not only serve as a theoretical guidance, but also be applied to the real-world issues. The thesis will fill a gap in this field in China. However, more work still needs to be done to perfect research in this area.
本论文通过对国际企业技术转移目的的分析和研究,以及研析中国企业接受国际企业的技术转移的目的和历程,主要完成了以下创新性工作：
1、综合分析了技术转移以及国际企业技术转移的相关理论,从中发现其缺少过程控制实施的引导。
2、运用概念设计对接受国际企业的技术转移进行有效控制,以实现统一集成的资源环境下的运行,避开因只考虑单一的技术、制造、管理等因素,难以综合评价,无法有效控制技术转移。
3、创新地提出概念设计下技术转移控制模式应包括三个层次结构：即技术控制层、转化控制层和执行控制层。以三层控制模式实现对过程的控制,从选择技术、选择对接企业一直到引进技术真正的市场化,以实现市场利润。
4、在三层模式下,进行符合中国国情的技术选择,涉及技术、经济两个方面。选择合适对接的企业接受技术,一方面依标准筛选对接企业,同时运用科学、合理的评价指标体系,统一选择适宜的技术。
5、为有效地实现技术转移,应充分应用组合贸易。
论文共分七章,全面论述了中国企业接受国际企业技术转移的控制过程中的问题,并对概念设计下技术转移的三层控制理论和其间的活动和技术进行了全面分析。论述全面详尽,阐述相应的理论及应用,具有一定理论指导意义,更具有操作性。有助于更好地实现技术转移控制。
Technological transfers from international businesses to China have contributed to China's economic boom. However, the transfers have exerted negative impacts upon the development of Chinese enterprises. Normally, in the process of transferring technologies, international businesses follow the following strategies:Prolong the technological life cycle; Expand the technological efficacy; Explore new ways out. The impacts of the transfers on China are demonstrated in these aspects:Due to such transfers, Chinese enterprises are heavily reliant upon the transferred technologies; Chinese enterprises' innovativeness is negatively affected; Lack of technological support for restructuring and upgrades; More barriers in obtaining cutting-edge overseas technologies; New product development capacities are weakened; May destabilize China's economy; Disappearance of traditional renowned domestic brands. Therefore, China must take measures to effectively control the technological transfer by international businesses.
This article, by analyzing motives of international businesses transferring technologies, has accomplished the following research objectives:
1. Comprehensively reviewed theories related to technological transfers and international businesses'technological transfers. The previous theories in this area need further instructions on how to guide the transfer process. In the context of globalization, these theories demonstrate their weaknesses in two aspects:Lack of operation process; Lack of consistency under multifarious circumstances.
2. One of the design approaches for the transfer process is the concept design approach. With focus upon operation in a context of integrated resources, this approach could eliminate problems associated with other approaches. This means that in the course of the transfer, we should not just consider the transfer parse, we need to establish a comprehensive, accurate and consistent model to describe and convey all product information involved in the product life cycle, so that sharing of the information regarding the technology may be realized. This approach is also conducive to restructuring the information and its functions, and perfecting the transfer process in a context of integrated resources.
3. The concept design technological transfer control model is composed of three parts: technological control, transfer control and implementation control. The most outstanding feature of this model is this three-tier control mechanism. By integrating technological selection, partner selection and technological introduction can we generate market profits.
4. How do we carry out the technological selection under the guidance of the Three-tier model. Technological selection encompasses not only rich technological contents, but also rich economic contents. The model is not a pure technological concept, nor is a pure economic concept. The research proposes transfer control model. What sets this research apart from previous studies is the proposition that not all enterprises that contribute financial resources to the technological transfer can become the recipient of the transferred technologies, and we need to cautiously select the enterprises that meet the qualification criteria. More enterprises should, according to their own capacities, determine their positioning and development strategies.
5. For the execution and technologies related to the concept system, its innovation focuses on execution feasibility from the commercial perspective. The greatest innovation in terms of execution is in the combination of international technological trade mechanisms.
This thesis is composed of seven chapters and elaborates upon issues related to international technological transfers in China. In addition, the thesis discusses about the Three-tier model, its activities and technologies in the context of the concept design. The research can not only serve as a theoretical guidance, but also be applied to the real-world issues. The thesis will fill a gap in this field in China. However, more work still needs to be done to perfect research in this area.
引文
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