大连星海公园旅游资源经济价值评价
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摘要
旅游需求日益增长,旅游资源稀缺性问题更加凸显出来。旅游资源经济价值评价是保证资源合理开发和有效利用的前提,能够为旅游项目开发的成本效益分析提供参考,有助于制定旅游资源开发利用政策。同时,对旅游资源价值评价理论和方法的研究能够促进我国在该领域的研究尽快与国际相接轨。
本文通过对国内外关于旅游资源经济价值评价文献的研究,分析了国内外旅游资源经济价值评价的研究现状,对国内外经常采用的资源价值评价方法的理论基础进行了阐述,并对旅行费用法在资源价值评价应用过程中一直存在的难题进行了深入评析。根据相关理论方法和在总结前人研究的基础上,设计了旅游需求调查问卷,采用面对面的随机抽样调查方式以保证调查数据的代表性。在实证研究中,根据计量经济学模型和需求理论,应用个人旅行费用法对到大连星海公园的旅游者的消费者剩余进行估算,得出每人每次的消费者剩余为563元,2008年大连星海公园的年均消费者剩余为15.37亿元,公园旅游资源由旅游者使用产生的经济价值是23.81亿元。
在确保社会公益性的前提下,根据旅游需求函数的价格弹性提出门票价格不应该超过45元的建议,这有助于形成合理的游憩市场,保证资源的合理开发和有效利用,同时建议改善公园的餐饮服务和购物服务质量,为游客提供更多的消费机会,为公园创收,减轻政府财政负担,这些对促进我国旅游业的可持续发展有重要的实践意义。
The scarcity of tourism resources is even more prominent with the growing tourism demand. Evaluation of the economic value of tourism resources is a prerequisite to ensure rational development and effective use of resources. It could provide relevant advice for cost-benefit analysis for the development of tourism projects and for the utilization policies. Meanwhile, the study on the theory and methods of the evaluation of the tourism resources would contribute to bring China into line with the international phase as quickly as possible.
This thesis summarized the literature about the evaluation of the economic value of tourism resources home and abroad, introduced the status quo of the relevant research, and then demonstrated the theoretical basis of the evaluation methods. The difficulties in the application process of the travel cost method were discussed. According to the theoretical approach and the previous studies, investigation questionnaire was designed and the survey was conducted face to face using the random sampling method in order to ensure the representativeness of the survey data. In the empirical study, individual travel cost method was used to estimate the consumer surplus of tourists in the Dalian Xinghai Park in terms of the econometric models and demand theory. The consumer surplus for each person per time was 563 yuan. The average annual consumer surplus of the park was 1.537 billion yuan, and the economic value generated by the tourists using the tourism resources was 2.381 billion yuan.
At the premise of public welfare, according to the price elasticity of tourism demand function, it gave the advice that the park could raise ticket prices but no more than 45 yuan, which would help form a reasonable recreation market, to ensure the rational development and effective utilization of the resources. Suggestions for the improvement of the park food service and shopping service quality were recommended, and this could provide visitors more consumption opportunities and gain more revenue for the park, and thus it could reduce the government's financial burden. This would have an important practical significance for the right to promote the sustainable development of China's tourism industry.
本文通过对国内外关于旅游资源经济价值评价文献的研究,分析了国内外旅游资源经济价值评价的研究现状,对国内外经常采用的资源价值评价方法的理论基础进行了阐述,并对旅行费用法在资源价值评价应用过程中一直存在的难题进行了深入评析。根据相关理论方法和在总结前人研究的基础上,设计了旅游需求调查问卷,采用面对面的随机抽样调查方式以保证调查数据的代表性。在实证研究中,根据计量经济学模型和需求理论,应用个人旅行费用法对到大连星海公园的旅游者的消费者剩余进行估算,得出每人每次的消费者剩余为563元,2008年大连星海公园的年均消费者剩余为15.37亿元,公园旅游资源由旅游者使用产生的经济价值是23.81亿元。
在确保社会公益性的前提下,根据旅游需求函数的价格弹性提出门票价格不应该超过45元的建议,这有助于形成合理的游憩市场,保证资源的合理开发和有效利用,同时建议改善公园的餐饮服务和购物服务质量,为游客提供更多的消费机会,为公园创收,减轻政府财政负担,这些对促进我国旅游业的可持续发展有重要的实践意义。
The scarcity of tourism resources is even more prominent with the growing tourism demand. Evaluation of the economic value of tourism resources is a prerequisite to ensure rational development and effective use of resources. It could provide relevant advice for cost-benefit analysis for the development of tourism projects and for the utilization policies. Meanwhile, the study on the theory and methods of the evaluation of the tourism resources would contribute to bring China into line with the international phase as quickly as possible.
This thesis summarized the literature about the evaluation of the economic value of tourism resources home and abroad, introduced the status quo of the relevant research, and then demonstrated the theoretical basis of the evaluation methods. The difficulties in the application process of the travel cost method were discussed. According to the theoretical approach and the previous studies, investigation questionnaire was designed and the survey was conducted face to face using the random sampling method in order to ensure the representativeness of the survey data. In the empirical study, individual travel cost method was used to estimate the consumer surplus of tourists in the Dalian Xinghai Park in terms of the econometric models and demand theory. The consumer surplus for each person per time was 563 yuan. The average annual consumer surplus of the park was 1.537 billion yuan, and the economic value generated by the tourists using the tourism resources was 2.381 billion yuan.
At the premise of public welfare, according to the price elasticity of tourism demand function, it gave the advice that the park could raise ticket prices but no more than 45 yuan, which would help form a reasonable recreation market, to ensure the rational development and effective utilization of the resources. Suggestions for the improvement of the park food service and shopping service quality were recommended, and this could provide visitors more consumption opportunities and gain more revenue for the park, and thus it could reduce the government's financial burden. This would have an important practical significance for the right to promote the sustainable development of China's tourism industry.
引文
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