基于DSP和变频技术的燃油加油机泵送系统研究
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摘要
随着汽车的普及程度越来越高,国家的节能减排政策的逐步深入,生物燃料乙醇汽油的需求量将逐步加大。生物燃料乙醇汽油属于易汽化介质,对生物燃料乙醇汽油的输运平台——燃油加油机的研究也将更加深入。
本论文研究的主要内容是易汽化介质乙醇汽油在输运过程中泵送系统的优化控制。现有的燃油加油机的加油模式没有对油品进行区分,实验表明乙醇汽油在现有加油机管路条件下输运时流量超过38L/min后,容易产生大量的气泡,易挥发,且流量随着泵内压力的增加上升很小;而现有的条件下普通加油机加油时的流量达到42L/min左右,并且在大中小三个不同档位加油时,电机都是以最大转速来运转,加油员只有通过改变油枪阀门开度来实现对流量控制,这样造成了能量的浪费,同时也加快了液压部件的损耗。
针对普通加油机对易汽化介质乙醇汽油在输运中存在的不足,本文创造性的将变频技术结合于燃油加油机的泵送系统对易汽化介质乙醇汽油的流量进行优化控制,改进了易汽化介质乙醇汽油的输运模式,定义了在现有管路条件下三个不同档位的流量大小,大档流量为Q1L/min,中档流量为Q2L/min,小档流量为Q3L/min;实现了在大档中小三个不同的档位加油时流量的自动判断和加油过程中保证流量稳定的自适应控制。
本论文根据泵送系统的调速原理,从理论上分析了变频调速的节能原理及节能效率,针对易汽化介质现有的加油模式提出了改进的策略及优化控制模式。硬件上采用托肯恒山公司生产的HSC/THC20系列的自吸泵税控燃油加油机,TI的DSP芯片TMS320LF2407控制板及广州宏业科技750E型嵌入式变频器,搭建了泵送系统基于DSP控制的实验平台,软件上采用基于DSP开发软件CCS2.2为开发平台,建立对信号的采集及数据处理与自动判断的自适应算法,实现了加油过程的自动判断与流量自动检测的自适应控制模式。试验结果表明:针对易汽化介质输运,对燃油加油机的泵送系统进行优化控制后,系统的自适应控制模式能很好的运行,介质流量稳定;同时加油机在不同档位的节能效果明显,最低节能43.7%,最高达到70.5%,并且流量越小,节能效果越明显;加油机工作时系统压力平稳、机械磨损和噪音都得到很大改善,加油机液压部件的使用寿命也得到延长。
With the growing popularity of motor vehicles and the state's energy saving policies gradually in-depth,the demands for biofuel alcoholic gasoline mount up gradually. Because the biofuel alcoholic gasoline is volatile, the research on the corresponding fuel dispenser should be conducted in a great depth.
The main purpose of this thesis is to research on the optimization control of the pump system during the transportation process of volatile liquid——ethanol gasoline. The pattern of subsistent fuel dispensers disregards the distinction of different fuels. When the flowrate exceeded 38L/min on the condition of common fuel pipe system, ethanol gasoline will generate lots of bubbles inside and become more volatile, and the flowrate will little increase with the pressure increasing according to the experiments. However, the flowrate of the existing fuel dispensers reaches to about 42L/min, and the motors always run at the highest speed. The server has to change the valve in order to control the flowrate, which is both an energy waste and an additional abrasion to the hydraulic pressure components.
Against to shortage of the common fuel dispensers during the volatile fuel transportation above, this thesis creatively combines the frequency conversion technology with the pump system of common fuel dispenser to achieve the optimization control of ethanol gasoline’s flowrate. The thesis improves the transportation pattern of ethanol gasoline, defines the 3 different levels of the fuel flowrate: Q1L/min,Q2L/min,and Q3L/min, which provides an automatic discrimination of different flowrate and an adaptive control to ensure a steady flow during fueling.
According to the principle of the speed regulating in pump system, this paper analyzes the element and efficiency of the energy-saving in theory, and provide the strategy and method of control optimization to perfect the current fueling pattern of the volatile medium. On the one hand, as to the hardware, the DSP control plat form is composed of one of the HSC/THC20 series fuel dispensers with self priming pump and revenue control device which is produced by Tokheim Hengshan, the control panel with TI TMSLF2047 DSP chipset, and the 750E type embedded frequency convertor of Guangzhou Hongye Technology Co. Ltd. On the other hand, as to the software, the platform is based on the DSP developing software CCS2.2, and built with the adaptive discriminating algorithm of the signal acquirement and data processing, which brings along the adaptive control pattern of the automatical flow rate estimating during fueling. The testing results indicate that after applying the control optimization to the pump system of the fuel dispenser, the adaptive control pattern works well and the medium flow stably. In the mean time, the energy-saving effect appears distinct, which means 43.7% at least and 70% at most, and that the less the flow rate remains, the more distinct the effect appears. Furthermore, after the application, the system pressure of the dispenser becomes stable, the mechanical abrasion and the working noise decreased, and the service life of the hydraulic components is also prolonged.
本论文研究的主要内容是易汽化介质乙醇汽油在输运过程中泵送系统的优化控制。现有的燃油加油机的加油模式没有对油品进行区分,实验表明乙醇汽油在现有加油机管路条件下输运时流量超过38L/min后,容易产生大量的气泡,易挥发,且流量随着泵内压力的增加上升很小;而现有的条件下普通加油机加油时的流量达到42L/min左右,并且在大中小三个不同档位加油时,电机都是以最大转速来运转,加油员只有通过改变油枪阀门开度来实现对流量控制,这样造成了能量的浪费,同时也加快了液压部件的损耗。
针对普通加油机对易汽化介质乙醇汽油在输运中存在的不足,本文创造性的将变频技术结合于燃油加油机的泵送系统对易汽化介质乙醇汽油的流量进行优化控制,改进了易汽化介质乙醇汽油的输运模式,定义了在现有管路条件下三个不同档位的流量大小,大档流量为Q1L/min,中档流量为Q2L/min,小档流量为Q3L/min;实现了在大档中小三个不同的档位加油时流量的自动判断和加油过程中保证流量稳定的自适应控制。
本论文根据泵送系统的调速原理,从理论上分析了变频调速的节能原理及节能效率,针对易汽化介质现有的加油模式提出了改进的策略及优化控制模式。硬件上采用托肯恒山公司生产的HSC/THC20系列的自吸泵税控燃油加油机,TI的DSP芯片TMS320LF2407控制板及广州宏业科技750E型嵌入式变频器,搭建了泵送系统基于DSP控制的实验平台,软件上采用基于DSP开发软件CCS2.2为开发平台,建立对信号的采集及数据处理与自动判断的自适应算法,实现了加油过程的自动判断与流量自动检测的自适应控制模式。试验结果表明:针对易汽化介质输运,对燃油加油机的泵送系统进行优化控制后,系统的自适应控制模式能很好的运行,介质流量稳定;同时加油机在不同档位的节能效果明显,最低节能43.7%,最高达到70.5%,并且流量越小,节能效果越明显;加油机工作时系统压力平稳、机械磨损和噪音都得到很大改善,加油机液压部件的使用寿命也得到延长。
With the growing popularity of motor vehicles and the state's energy saving policies gradually in-depth,the demands for biofuel alcoholic gasoline mount up gradually. Because the biofuel alcoholic gasoline is volatile, the research on the corresponding fuel dispenser should be conducted in a great depth.
The main purpose of this thesis is to research on the optimization control of the pump system during the transportation process of volatile liquid——ethanol gasoline. The pattern of subsistent fuel dispensers disregards the distinction of different fuels. When the flowrate exceeded 38L/min on the condition of common fuel pipe system, ethanol gasoline will generate lots of bubbles inside and become more volatile, and the flowrate will little increase with the pressure increasing according to the experiments. However, the flowrate of the existing fuel dispensers reaches to about 42L/min, and the motors always run at the highest speed. The server has to change the valve in order to control the flowrate, which is both an energy waste and an additional abrasion to the hydraulic pressure components.
Against to shortage of the common fuel dispensers during the volatile fuel transportation above, this thesis creatively combines the frequency conversion technology with the pump system of common fuel dispenser to achieve the optimization control of ethanol gasoline’s flowrate. The thesis improves the transportation pattern of ethanol gasoline, defines the 3 different levels of the fuel flowrate: Q1L/min,Q2L/min,and Q3L/min, which provides an automatic discrimination of different flowrate and an adaptive control to ensure a steady flow during fueling.
According to the principle of the speed regulating in pump system, this paper analyzes the element and efficiency of the energy-saving in theory, and provide the strategy and method of control optimization to perfect the current fueling pattern of the volatile medium. On the one hand, as to the hardware, the DSP control plat form is composed of one of the HSC/THC20 series fuel dispensers with self priming pump and revenue control device which is produced by Tokheim Hengshan, the control panel with TI TMSLF2047 DSP chipset, and the 750E type embedded frequency convertor of Guangzhou Hongye Technology Co. Ltd. On the other hand, as to the software, the platform is based on the DSP developing software CCS2.2, and built with the adaptive discriminating algorithm of the signal acquirement and data processing, which brings along the adaptive control pattern of the automatical flow rate estimating during fueling. The testing results indicate that after applying the control optimization to the pump system of the fuel dispenser, the adaptive control pattern works well and the medium flow stably. In the mean time, the energy-saving effect appears distinct, which means 43.7% at least and 70% at most, and that the less the flow rate remains, the more distinct the effect appears. Furthermore, after the application, the system pressure of the dispenser becomes stable, the mechanical abrasion and the working noise decreased, and the service life of the hydraulic components is also prolonged.
引文
[1]刘亚俊,叶传春,陈建明.加油机:对乙醇汽油水土不服[J].加油站服务指南,2007.3
[2]杨立明.巴西“国家乙醇计划”启示[J].加油站服务指南,2006.5
[3]中国加油机的发展.世界石油网[N].http://www.worldoilweb.com/
[4]王庆一.中国能源现状与前景[J].中国煤炭,2005(2):22~27
[5]赵洁,王建军,范剑锋.中国能源现状及发展前景分析[J].科技经济市场, 2006(8):13~14
[6]油站管理.加油站服务指南[J],2006(10):48~50
[7]刘亚俊,贺占蜀,黄佳彬.压力测试平台在燃料泵送系统中的应用[J].中国机械工程,2009.7
[8]周玉国.变频调速节能分析[M].东北电力技术,2004(8):43~44
[9]韩安荣.通用变频器及其应用(第2版).北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[10]变频器的现状及其未来的技术发展[N]. http://www.mechnet.com.cn/
[11]候朝焕. DSP技术的今天与明天[J].科技导报, 1998(9):36~38
[12]赵志诚. DSP技术的发展与应用[J].仪表技术与传感器, 1999,1
[13]燕昊.数字信号处理器(DSP)的发展及市场动向[J].电子与自动化,1998.2
[14]许伟. DSP应用的结构和发展方向[J].电子技术应用,1999.3
[15] DSP技术的最新发展及其应用现状[N]。http://www.lab168.cn,2006.4.12
[16]魏晓云,陈杰,曾云.DSP技术的最新发展及其应用现状[J].数字信号处理器,2003(9):18~21
[17]孟逢逢,蒋建国.DSP技术的应用及发展[J].微处理机,2000(3):1~4
[18]《燃油加油机中华人民共和国国家计量检定规程JJG443-2006》[S]
[19]刘亚俊.介质特性对泵送与计量系统的影响[J].http://www.sciencenet.cn/
[20]顾绳谷.电机及拖动基础[M].机械工业出版社,1979
[21]王树.变频调速系统设计与应用[M].北京.机械工业出版社,2005:67~84
[22]张燕宾.SPWM变频调速应用技术[M].北京.机械工业出版社,2005(7):398~405
[23]徐忠国.变频器在给水泵上的应用[J].变频器世界,2005(89):76~77
[24]齐学义,李铁.泵变频控制的节能原理及其系统分析[J].兰州理工大学学报,2006,32(3):52~55
[25] Guang-xu Zhou,Hui-jun Wang,Dong-Hee Lee,Jin-Woo Ahn. Study on efficiency optimizing of PMSM for pump applications [J].Power Electronics, ICPE '07, 7th Internatonal Conference on,2007:912~915
[26] HSC/THC20系列的自吸泵税控燃油加油机说明书,2005
[27] TMS320LF2407A User Manual.TEXAS INSTRU-MENTS,2002
[28]单晶,安连祥,董春霞.TMS320LF2407在电机控制中的应用[J].计算机与现代化, 2004 (3): 89~91
[29]凌有铸,毛德平.TMS320LF2407在电机变频控制中的应用[J].机电工程,2007.4
[30]刘和平,王维俊,江渝.TMS320LF240x DSP C语言应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[31]清源科技编著. TMS320LF240x DSP应用程序设计教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2003.7
[32] Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320F/C240 DSP Controllers Reference Guide Peripheral Library and Specific Devices. Texas Instruments Incorporated. Nov, 2002
[33] Adams, L. Choosing the right architecture for realtime signal processing designs. Texas Instruments, Document Number SPRA879 ,2002
[34] MINGSTAR ELECTRONIC CORPORATION. UPS015 data sheet [Z]. 1998.
[35]康怡,王军芬,姚国珍. AD7864与TMS320LF2407的接口及应用[J].电子设计应用,2007.2
[36]高光天.模数转换器应用技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[37] Zhenyu Yu,David Figoli.AC Induction Motor Control Using Constant V/Hz Principle and Space Vector PWM Technique with TMS320C240.Texas Instruments Incorporated.1998
[38] Seydi Vakkas Ustun, Metin Demirtas. Modeling and control of V/f controlled induction motor using genetic-ANFIS algorithm[J]. Energy Conversion and Management,2009,50(3):786-791
[39]刘和平,严利平,张学锋.TMS320LF240X DSP结构、原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[40]何苏勤,王忠勇. TMS320C2000系列DSP原理及实用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.9
[41] DIANGUO X U, YANG G. A simple and robust speed control scheme of permanent maynet synchronous motor[J]. Journal of ControlTheory and Applications, 2004,(2): 165~168
[42] TMS320LF/LC240x DSP Controllers Renference Guide System and Peripherals. Taxas Instruments,2000
[43]嵌入式变频器ZYB-750E说明书.广州宏业科技有限公司, 2007
[44] 2407EVM硬件设计参考图.2005
[45]王晓明,王玲.电动机的DSP控制——TI公司DSP应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004.7
[46]刘旻,许镇琳,窦汝振. DSP在全数字交流伺服系统中的应用[J].制造业自动化,2001,23(8):47~49
[2]杨立明.巴西“国家乙醇计划”启示[J].加油站服务指南,2006.5
[3]中国加油机的发展.世界石油网[N].http://www.worldoilweb.com/
[4]王庆一.中国能源现状与前景[J].中国煤炭,2005(2):22~27
[5]赵洁,王建军,范剑锋.中国能源现状及发展前景分析[J].科技经济市场, 2006(8):13~14
[6]油站管理.加油站服务指南[J],2006(10):48~50
[7]刘亚俊,贺占蜀,黄佳彬.压力测试平台在燃料泵送系统中的应用[J].中国机械工程,2009.7
[8]周玉国.变频调速节能分析[M].东北电力技术,2004(8):43~44
[9]韩安荣.通用变频器及其应用(第2版).北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[10]变频器的现状及其未来的技术发展[N]. http://www.mechnet.com.cn/
[11]候朝焕. DSP技术的今天与明天[J].科技导报, 1998(9):36~38
[12]赵志诚. DSP技术的发展与应用[J].仪表技术与传感器, 1999,1
[13]燕昊.数字信号处理器(DSP)的发展及市场动向[J].电子与自动化,1998.2
[14]许伟. DSP应用的结构和发展方向[J].电子技术应用,1999.3
[15] DSP技术的最新发展及其应用现状[N]。http://www.lab168.cn,2006.4.12
[16]魏晓云,陈杰,曾云.DSP技术的最新发展及其应用现状[J].数字信号处理器,2003(9):18~21
[17]孟逢逢,蒋建国.DSP技术的应用及发展[J].微处理机,2000(3):1~4
[18]《燃油加油机中华人民共和国国家计量检定规程JJG443-2006》[S]
[19]刘亚俊.介质特性对泵送与计量系统的影响[J].http://www.sciencenet.cn/
[20]顾绳谷.电机及拖动基础[M].机械工业出版社,1979
[21]王树.变频调速系统设计与应用[M].北京.机械工业出版社,2005:67~84
[22]张燕宾.SPWM变频调速应用技术[M].北京.机械工业出版社,2005(7):398~405
[23]徐忠国.变频器在给水泵上的应用[J].变频器世界,2005(89):76~77
[24]齐学义,李铁.泵变频控制的节能原理及其系统分析[J].兰州理工大学学报,2006,32(3):52~55
[25] Guang-xu Zhou,Hui-jun Wang,Dong-Hee Lee,Jin-Woo Ahn. Study on efficiency optimizing of PMSM for pump applications [J].Power Electronics, ICPE '07, 7th Internatonal Conference on,2007:912~915
[26] HSC/THC20系列的自吸泵税控燃油加油机说明书,2005
[27] TMS320LF2407A User Manual.TEXAS INSTRU-MENTS,2002
[28]单晶,安连祥,董春霞.TMS320LF2407在电机控制中的应用[J].计算机与现代化, 2004 (3): 89~91
[29]凌有铸,毛德平.TMS320LF2407在电机变频控制中的应用[J].机电工程,2007.4
[30]刘和平,王维俊,江渝.TMS320LF240x DSP C语言应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[31]清源科技编著. TMS320LF240x DSP应用程序设计教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2003.7
[32] Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320F/C240 DSP Controllers Reference Guide Peripheral Library and Specific Devices. Texas Instruments Incorporated. Nov, 2002
[33] Adams, L. Choosing the right architecture for realtime signal processing designs. Texas Instruments, Document Number SPRA879 ,2002
[34] MINGSTAR ELECTRONIC CORPORATION. UPS015 data sheet [Z]. 1998.
[35]康怡,王军芬,姚国珍. AD7864与TMS320LF2407的接口及应用[J].电子设计应用,2007.2
[36]高光天.模数转换器应用技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[37] Zhenyu Yu,David Figoli.AC Induction Motor Control Using Constant V/Hz Principle and Space Vector PWM Technique with TMS320C240.Texas Instruments Incorporated.1998
[38] Seydi Vakkas Ustun, Metin Demirtas. Modeling and control of V/f controlled induction motor using genetic-ANFIS algorithm[J]. Energy Conversion and Management,2009,50(3):786-791
[39]刘和平,严利平,张学锋.TMS320LF240X DSP结构、原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[40]何苏勤,王忠勇. TMS320C2000系列DSP原理及实用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.9
[41] DIANGUO X U, YANG G. A simple and robust speed control scheme of permanent maynet synchronous motor[J]. Journal of ControlTheory and Applications, 2004,(2): 165~168
[42] TMS320LF/LC240x DSP Controllers Renference Guide System and Peripherals. Taxas Instruments,2000
[43]嵌入式变频器ZYB-750E说明书.广州宏业科技有限公司, 2007
[44] 2407EVM硬件设计参考图.2005
[45]王晓明,王玲.电动机的DSP控制——TI公司DSP应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004.7
[46]刘旻,许镇琳,窦汝振. DSP在全数字交流伺服系统中的应用[J].制造业自动化,2001,23(8):47~49