乌审旗地区绵羊蠕虫病流行病学调查及驱虫效果比较研究
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摘要
乌审旗是内蒙古自治区主要畜牧业大旗之一,鄂尔多斯细毛羊是该旗畜牧业的主体畜种。鄂尔多斯细毛羊在羊毛品质和毛、肉生产性能等方面均达到了先进水平,基本接近或达到澳洲美利奴羊标准。然而绵羊寄生虫病的防治工作明显滞后,从而大大削弱家畜的生产性能,降低畜产品的产量和质量。
为调查了解内蒙古乌审旗地区自然放牧绵羊主要蠕虫病的流行情况,并为当地牧民制定出较为可行的驱虫方案,本研究于2009年3月至2010年3月,对乌审旗不同地区的绵羊群进行了三次流行病学调查,并开展了驱虫效果比较试验。分别由6个采样点随机选取900只(每次300只)绵羊,由直肠采集新鲜粪便,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和离心沉淀法富集虫卵,借助光学显微镜观察进行形态学鉴定,用麦克马斯特氏法进行定量分析,并计算感染率。同时,选取蠕虫感染强度较大的60只绵羊作为试验对象,开展了几种抗寄生虫药物的驱虫效果比较试验。结果表明,乌审旗地区自然放牧绵羊群蠕虫病流行情况较为严重,并以混合感染为特点,且与当地的草场类型、气候条件和饲养方式以及用药历史密切相关。三次调查的总感染率分别为80.7%、73%、98%,感染优势虫种为细颈线虫和捻转血矛线虫,第一次调查中它们的感染率分别达到67.3%和60.0%,同时还检查到球虫、吸虫和绦虫卵。通过剖检共发现15种蠕虫,分别隶属于2门3纲4目9科13属,其中线虫有11种,吸虫有2种,绦虫有2种。经形态学特征鉴定,具体种类有:奥拉奇细颈线虫(Nematodirus oiratianus)、长刺似细颈线虫(Nematodirus longispiculata)、绵羊夏伯特线虫(Chabertia ovina)、捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchus contortus)、环纹奥斯特线虫(Ostertagia circumcincta)、羊仰口线虫(Bunostomum trigonocephalum)、蛇形毛圆线虫(Trichostrongylus colubriformis)、粗纹食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum asperum)、哥伦比亚食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum columbianum)、丝状网尾线虫(Dictyocaulus filaria)、绵羊毛首线虫(Trichocephalus ovis)、肝片形吸虫(Fasciola hepatica)、胰扩盘吸虫(Eurytrema pancreaticum)、扩展莫尼茨绦虫(Moniezia expansa)、盖氏曲子宫绦虫(Helictometra giardi)。药物驱虫试验结果表明,伊维菌素皮下注射剂驱虫效果达到100%,而推荐剂量的阿苯达唑片剂几乎没有驱虫作用。同时,建立了该地区绵羊主要蠕虫卵初步图像库,且比较分析了虫卵的显微特征。
因此,乌审旗地区绵羊群蠕虫感染率较高,强度较大,并且普遍以混合感染为主要特征。伊维菌素注射剂仍然显示出强大的驱虫效果,而阿苯达唑片剂对该地区流行的消化道蠕虫基本无驱虫效果。
Wushen County is one of the main areas of animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia Antonomous Region, and Ordos merino sheep is one of the main livestock in this County. The wool quality and mutton performance had reached the advanced level and approached or attained standards of Australian merino sheep. Because of the delayed preventive measures of parasitic diseases, the livestock performance and the yield and quality of livestock products had been lowered.
In order to investigate the prevalence of main helminthiasis of naturally grazing sheep in Wushen county and supply a practical deworming program for local herdsmen, epidemiological investigations of helminthiasis and comparative anthelmintic studies were carried out in three different periods according to pastures of different climatic conditions and breeding modes from March in 2009 to March in 2010. Feacal samples were taken from the rectums of 900 sheep (300 sheep each time) selected randomly from 6 different sampling points, and the eggs were collected by floating method and centrifugal sedimentation method, then identified by optical microscope based on micro characteristics and counted by McMaster's method. Meanwhile, 60 sheep intensely infected with helminth were allocated into 6 groups of 10 animals in each, and carried out the comparative deworming study of different anthelmintics. The results showed that a high prevalence of sheep helminthiasis was existed in Wushen, and characterized by mixed infection, which were closely related to the local pasture types, climatic conditions, breeding modes and the medication history. The average infection rates of the investigations were 80.7%, 73% and 98%,respectively, and predominant helminthes were Haemonchus contortus and Nematodirus sp., and the infection rates of the first investigations were 67.3% and 60.0%. Besides, eggs of Coccidia、Trematode and Cestode of helminth were also found. 15 species of parasites were found by necropsyin belonged to 13 genera, 9 families, 4 orders, 3 classes and 2 phyla, including11 species of nematodes, 2 species of trematodes and 2 species of cestodes. According to the identification of morphological characteristics, they were Nematodirus oiratianus、Nematodirus ?longispiculata、Chabertia ovina、Haemonchus contortus、Ostertagia circumcincta、Bunostomum trigonocephalum、Trichostrongylus colubriformis、Oesophagostomum asperum、Oesophagostomum columbianum、Dictyocaulus filaria、Trichocephalus ovis、Fasciola hepatica、Eurytrema pancreaticum、Moniezia expansa and Helictometra giardi,respectively. In deworming experiment, the insecticide rate of the ivermectin following subcutaneous injection was 100%, while the albendazole with recommended dose had little effect on helminthes. The primary image collections of sheep helminth eggs were established and the characteristics of sheep helminth eggs were comparatively analyzed.
In conclusion, the infection rates and infection intensities of the sheep heilminthes were relatively high in Wushen county and characterized by mixed infection with variety of helminthes. The anthelmintic effect of the ivermectin injection possesses strong anti-nematodes activities, while the albendazole had essentially no effect on the helminthes in this area.
为调查了解内蒙古乌审旗地区自然放牧绵羊主要蠕虫病的流行情况,并为当地牧民制定出较为可行的驱虫方案,本研究于2009年3月至2010年3月,对乌审旗不同地区的绵羊群进行了三次流行病学调查,并开展了驱虫效果比较试验。分别由6个采样点随机选取900只(每次300只)绵羊,由直肠采集新鲜粪便,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和离心沉淀法富集虫卵,借助光学显微镜观察进行形态学鉴定,用麦克马斯特氏法进行定量分析,并计算感染率。同时,选取蠕虫感染强度较大的60只绵羊作为试验对象,开展了几种抗寄生虫药物的驱虫效果比较试验。结果表明,乌审旗地区自然放牧绵羊群蠕虫病流行情况较为严重,并以混合感染为特点,且与当地的草场类型、气候条件和饲养方式以及用药历史密切相关。三次调查的总感染率分别为80.7%、73%、98%,感染优势虫种为细颈线虫和捻转血矛线虫,第一次调查中它们的感染率分别达到67.3%和60.0%,同时还检查到球虫、吸虫和绦虫卵。通过剖检共发现15种蠕虫,分别隶属于2门3纲4目9科13属,其中线虫有11种,吸虫有2种,绦虫有2种。经形态学特征鉴定,具体种类有:奥拉奇细颈线虫(Nematodirus oiratianus)、长刺似细颈线虫(Nematodirus longispiculata)、绵羊夏伯特线虫(Chabertia ovina)、捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchus contortus)、环纹奥斯特线虫(Ostertagia circumcincta)、羊仰口线虫(Bunostomum trigonocephalum)、蛇形毛圆线虫(Trichostrongylus colubriformis)、粗纹食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum asperum)、哥伦比亚食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum columbianum)、丝状网尾线虫(Dictyocaulus filaria)、绵羊毛首线虫(Trichocephalus ovis)、肝片形吸虫(Fasciola hepatica)、胰扩盘吸虫(Eurytrema pancreaticum)、扩展莫尼茨绦虫(Moniezia expansa)、盖氏曲子宫绦虫(Helictometra giardi)。药物驱虫试验结果表明,伊维菌素皮下注射剂驱虫效果达到100%,而推荐剂量的阿苯达唑片剂几乎没有驱虫作用。同时,建立了该地区绵羊主要蠕虫卵初步图像库,且比较分析了虫卵的显微特征。
因此,乌审旗地区绵羊群蠕虫感染率较高,强度较大,并且普遍以混合感染为主要特征。伊维菌素注射剂仍然显示出强大的驱虫效果,而阿苯达唑片剂对该地区流行的消化道蠕虫基本无驱虫效果。
Wushen County is one of the main areas of animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia Antonomous Region, and Ordos merino sheep is one of the main livestock in this County. The wool quality and mutton performance had reached the advanced level and approached or attained standards of Australian merino sheep. Because of the delayed preventive measures of parasitic diseases, the livestock performance and the yield and quality of livestock products had been lowered.
In order to investigate the prevalence of main helminthiasis of naturally grazing sheep in Wushen county and supply a practical deworming program for local herdsmen, epidemiological investigations of helminthiasis and comparative anthelmintic studies were carried out in three different periods according to pastures of different climatic conditions and breeding modes from March in 2009 to March in 2010. Feacal samples were taken from the rectums of 900 sheep (300 sheep each time) selected randomly from 6 different sampling points, and the eggs were collected by floating method and centrifugal sedimentation method, then identified by optical microscope based on micro characteristics and counted by McMaster's method. Meanwhile, 60 sheep intensely infected with helminth were allocated into 6 groups of 10 animals in each, and carried out the comparative deworming study of different anthelmintics. The results showed that a high prevalence of sheep helminthiasis was existed in Wushen, and characterized by mixed infection, which were closely related to the local pasture types, climatic conditions, breeding modes and the medication history. The average infection rates of the investigations were 80.7%, 73% and 98%,respectively, and predominant helminthes were Haemonchus contortus and Nematodirus sp., and the infection rates of the first investigations were 67.3% and 60.0%. Besides, eggs of Coccidia、Trematode and Cestode of helminth were also found. 15 species of parasites were found by necropsyin belonged to 13 genera, 9 families, 4 orders, 3 classes and 2 phyla, including11 species of nematodes, 2 species of trematodes and 2 species of cestodes. According to the identification of morphological characteristics, they were Nematodirus oiratianus、Nematodirus ?longispiculata、Chabertia ovina、Haemonchus contortus、Ostertagia circumcincta、Bunostomum trigonocephalum、Trichostrongylus colubriformis、Oesophagostomum asperum、Oesophagostomum columbianum、Dictyocaulus filaria、Trichocephalus ovis、Fasciola hepatica、Eurytrema pancreaticum、Moniezia expansa and Helictometra giardi,respectively. In deworming experiment, the insecticide rate of the ivermectin following subcutaneous injection was 100%, while the albendazole with recommended dose had little effect on helminthes. The primary image collections of sheep helminth eggs were established and the characteristics of sheep helminth eggs were comparatively analyzed.
In conclusion, the infection rates and infection intensities of the sheep heilminthes were relatively high in Wushen county and characterized by mixed infection with variety of helminthes. The anthelmintic effect of the ivermectin injection possesses strong anti-nematodes activities, while the albendazole had essentially no effect on the helminthes in this area.
引文
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