多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物修复对微生物种群的影响
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摘要
本研究通过富集培养,从沈抚灌区石油污染土壤中分离到五株以菲、芘为惟一碳源和能源生长的细菌,定为PAHs高效降解菌。经过形态观察、生理生化实验分析鉴定分别为苍白杆菌(Ochrobactrum sp.)、荧光假单胞菌(Psedomonas fluorescens)、戈登氏菌(Gordona sp.)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)和分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium sp.)。利用室内模拟方法,研究中、低浓度多环芳烃(PAHs)污染土壤的微生物修复效果,阐明了土壤微生物(接种和土著)与(PAHs)降解的关系,结果表明：投加PAHs高效降解菌可以促进土壤中PAHs的降解,2周内效果显著；典型PAHs降解的难易程度菲<蒽<芘<苯并(a)芘>蔰；细菌种群丰度和多样性均与PAHs降解呈负相关关系,同一处理细菌种群结构随时间变化不大。对于中、低浓度PAHs原位污染土壤,增强土著菌的活性是提高土壤PAHs降解率的有效途径之一。
The microbial remediation of long-term sewage irrigated soil (PAHs,1.34 mg kg-1) in Shen-fu irrigation area was carried out into laboratory.The effective PAHs-degrading strains were isolated by enrichment culture from this oil-contaminated soil,which are capable of growing on pyrene and phenanthrene as sole carbon and energy source. The strains were identified as Ochrobactrum,Pseudomonas,Gordona, Bacillus and Mycobacterium respectively according to the results of morphology analysis, physio-biochemical tests. A laboratory simulatiom test was conducted to study the microbial remediation of soils contaminated by medium and low concentration polyeyelie aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), and the relationship between the degradation of PAHs and the inoculated and indigenous microbes. The addition of high-effective PAHs-degrading bacteria promoted the biodegradation of soil PAHs, and the effect is remarkable in the first two weeks. The biodegradation of test PAHs was phenanthreneand negatively correlated with the diversity/abundance of soil bacterial population.In the same treatments, soil bacterial population structure varied less with time, and hence, to increase the avtivity of indigenous microbes would be an effective way to remediate the farmland soils contaminated by medium and low concetration PAHs
The microbial remediation of long-term sewage irrigated soil (PAHs,1.34 mg kg-1) in Shen-fu irrigation area was carried out into laboratory.The effective PAHs-degrading strains were isolated by enrichment culture from this oil-contaminated soil,which are capable of growing on pyrene and phenanthrene as sole carbon and energy source. The strains were identified as Ochrobactrum,Pseudomonas,Gordona, Bacillus and Mycobacterium respectively according to the results of morphology analysis, physio-biochemical tests. A laboratory simulatiom test was conducted to study the microbial remediation of soils contaminated by medium and low concentration polyeyelie aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), and the relationship between the degradation of PAHs and the inoculated and indigenous microbes. The addition of high-effective PAHs-degrading bacteria promoted the biodegradation of soil PAHs, and the effect is remarkable in the first two weeks. The biodegradation of test PAHs was phenanthrene
引文
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陈晓东,常文越,冯晓斌,等.抚灌区土壤生态恢复途径初步研究.境保护科学,2002,28：33-36
高学晟,姜霞,区自清.多环芳烃在土壤中的行为.应用生态学报,2002,13(4)：501-504
巩宗强,李彬,李培军,王新,污染土壤中多环芳烃的共代谢降解过程.生态学杂志,2000,19(6)：40-45
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李培军,刘宛,孙铁珩等.我国污染土壤修复研究现状与展望.生态学杂志,2006,25(12)： 1544-1548.
李秋玲,凌婉婷,高彦征,等.丛枝菌根对有机污染土壤的修复作用及机理.应用生态学报,2006,17(11)：2217-2221
李志萍,陈鸿汉,陈肖刚,等.多环芳烃生物恢复技术的研究进展.水文地质工程地质,2002,(5)：68-71
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刘润堂,许建中.国污水灌溉现状、问题及其对策.中国水利,2002,10： 123-125
马淑敏,刘雅娜,金文标,等.有机污染土壤的生物修复研究进展.河北建筑科技学院学报,2006,23(3)：39-42
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田蕴,郑天凌,胡忠.海洋环境中多环芳烃的微生物降解研究进展.应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(4)：439-443
吴敏娜,张惠文,李新宇,等.乙草胺胁迫对土壤真菌拮抗功能和假单胞菌以及芽孢杆菌群落结构的影响.农业环境科学学报,2008,27(3)：926-931
夏淮海,林玉锁.有机污染土壤生物修复技术进展.污染防治技术,2000,13(1)：46-47
夏立江,王宏康.土壤污染及其防治.上海：华东理工大学出版社,2001,168
肖汝,汪群慧,杜晓明,张跃进,贺晓珍,李发生.典型污灌区土壤中多环芳烃的垂直分布特征.环境科学研究,2006,19(6)：49-53
张从,夏立江.污染土壤的微生物修复技术.北京：中国环境科学出版,2000
章俭,夏春谷.芳香烃双加氧酶的结构与功能研究.化学进展,2004,16(1)：116-122
郑乐,刘宛,等.多环芳烃微生物降解基因的研究进展.生态学杂志,2007,26(3)：449-454
钟文辉,何国庆,孙明,等.假单胞菌的氯儿茶酚1,2-双加氧酶基因的克隆和表达.中国环境科学,2004,24(2)：175-179
邹德勋,骆永明,徐凤花,等.土壤环境中多环芳烃的微生物降解及联合生物修复.土壤,2007,39(3)：334-340
邹建卫,张兵,胡桂香,等.基于分子表面静电参数研究的多环芳烃化合物的定量结构-性质关系.化学学报,2004,62(3)：241-246
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包贞,潘志彦,杨晔,等.环境中多环芳烃的分布及降解.浙江工业大学学报,2003,31(5)：528-533.
陈晓东,常文越,冯晓斌,等.抚灌区土壤生态恢复途径初步研究.境保护科学,2002,28：33-36
高学晟,姜霞,区自清.多环芳烃在土壤中的行为.应用生态学报,2002,13(4)：501-504
巩宗强,李彬,李培军,王新,污染土壤中多环芳烃的共代谢降解过程.生态学杂志,2000,19(6)：40-45
郭楚玲,郑天凌,洪华生.多环芳烃的微生物降解与生物修复.海洋环境科学,2000,19(3)：24-29
李培军,刘宛,孙铁珩等.我国污染土壤修复研究现状与展望.生态学杂志,2006,25(12)： 1544-1548.
李秋玲,凌婉婷,高彦征,等.丛枝菌根对有机污染土壤的修复作用及机理.应用生态学报,2006,17(11)：2217-2221
李志萍,陈鸿汉,陈肖刚,等.多环芳烃生物恢复技术的研究进展.水文地质工程地质,2002,(5)：68-71
刘期松,杨桂芬,张春桂,等.污灌土壤中多环芳烃自净的微生物效应.环境科学学报,1984,4(2)： 185-192
刘润堂,许建中.国污水灌溉现状、问题及其对策.中国水利,2002,10： 123-125
马淑敏,刘雅娜,金文标,等.有机污染土壤的生物修复研究进展.河北建筑科技学院学报,2006,23(3)：39-42
聂麦茜,张志杰.环境中多环芳烃污染规律及其生物净化技术.环境导报,2001,(01)：18-21
曲健,宋云横,苏娜.沈抚灌区上游土壤中多环芳烃的含量分析.中国环境监测,2006,3： 29-31
沈国清,陆贻通,周培.土壤环境中重金属和多环芳烃复合污染研究进展.上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2005,23(1)：102-106
宋玉芳,区自清,孙铁珩.土壤、植物样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)分析方法研究.应用生态学报,1995,6(1)：92-96
宋玉芳,常士俊,李利,等.污灌土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的积累与动态变化研究.应用生态学报,1997,8：93-98
苏丹,李培军,鞠京丽.六株真菌对土壤中芘和苯并芘的降解及其动力学.中国环境科学,2006,26(2)：188-191
田蕴,郑天凌,胡忠.海洋环境中多环芳烃的微生物降解研究进展.应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(4)：439-443
吴敏娜,张惠文,李新宇,等.乙草胺胁迫对土壤真菌拮抗功能和假单胞菌以及芽孢杆菌群落结构的影响.农业环境科学学报,2008,27(3)：926-931
夏淮海,林玉锁.有机污染土壤生物修复技术进展.污染防治技术,2000,13(1)：46-47
夏立江,王宏康.土壤污染及其防治.上海：华东理工大学出版社,2001,168
肖汝,汪群慧,杜晓明,张跃进,贺晓珍,李发生.典型污灌区土壤中多环芳烃的垂直分布特征.环境科学研究,2006,19(6)：49-53
张从,夏立江.污染土壤的微生物修复技术.北京：中国环境科学出版,2000
章俭,夏春谷.芳香烃双加氧酶的结构与功能研究.化学进展,2004,16(1)：116-122
郑乐,刘宛,等.多环芳烃微生物降解基因的研究进展.生态学杂志,2007,26(3)：449-454
钟文辉,何国庆,孙明,等.假单胞菌的氯儿茶酚1,2-双加氧酶基因的克隆和表达.中国环境科学,2004,24(2)：175-179
邹德勋,骆永明,徐凤花,等.土壤环境中多环芳烃的微生物降解及联合生物修复.土壤,2007,39(3)：334-340
邹建卫,张兵,胡桂香,等.基于分子表面静电参数研究的多环芳烃化合物的定量结构-性质关系.化学学报,2004,62(3)：241-246
Bidaud C, Tran-Minh C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) biodegradation in the soil of a former gasworks site:selection and study of PAHs-degrading microorganisms,Journal of Molecular Catalysis B:Enzymatic,1998,5,417-421
Chang B V, Shiung L C, Yuan S Y. Anaerobic biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in soil. Chemosphere,2002,48:717-24.
Cheung PY, Kinkle BK. Mycobacterium diversity and pyrene mineralizaiton in petroleum-contaminated soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2001,67(5):2222-2229
Dandie CE, Bentham RH, Thomas SM. Use of reporter transposons for tagging and detection of Mycobacterium sp. strain IB in PAH-contaminated soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2006,71: 59-66
Doong R, Lei W. Solubilization and mineralization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas putida in the presence of surfactant, Journal of Hazardous Materials,2003, B96, 15-27
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