内蒙古银根—额济纳旗及邻区石炭—二叠系层序地层与油气地质条件初步预测
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摘要
内蒙古西部银根-额济纳旗及邻区的石炭～二叠系巨厚,暗色泥岩发育,油气地质条件良好。但受地质及自然条件影响,尚未开展过系统的油气地质相关研究。基于此,本文以中国地质大调查在此区域开展的油气地质调查项目为依托,在大量野外地质调查基础上,以生物地层学、层序地层学、沉积学、石油地质学等为手段,对区内石炭～二叠系开展了以层序地层和沉积相为重点的相关研究,详细分析了该层段的沉积古地理特征,初步预测了有利含油气区带,取得了如下主要认识与成果：
1、在前人工作的基础上,通过三年来25条实测剖面和35条草测剖面的调查分析,以生物地层及岩石地层为手段,对区内石炭～二叠系内部部分地层单元及其界限进行了重新划分对比及厘定；并以东德乌苏剖面(阿木山组一段)、乌兰敖包剖面(阿木山组)、埋汗哈达剖面(双堡塘组及金塔组)、雅干东南剖面(哈尔苏海组底部)及查黑林噶顺剖面(哈尔苏海组)为重点,首次基本建立了区内石炭～二叠系(不含下石炭统)的完整序列。
2、以石炭～二叠系为对象,首次在区内开展了露头层序地层学研究,将区内石炭～二叠系划分为4个二级层序及16个三级层序,总结了各级层序、体系域及准层序特征,初步探讨了准层序形成演化规律,并将区内石炭～二叠系准层序划分为向上变粗准层序、向上变细逐层序及碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩混积准层序等3类。
3、以岩性、沉积构造、古生物、垂向序列及地球化学等相标志的综合研究为重点,结合相空间配置分析,对区内的石炭-二叠系进行了详细的沉积相及岩相古地理分析。基本可以认为,该区域的石炭-二叠系是在浅海陆棚背景下的一套以碎屑岩为主的沉积建造,其中主要发育了扇三角洲沉积体系、辫状河三角洲沉积体系、开阔海岸沉积体系、局限海岸沉积体系、浅海沉积体系、碳酸盐岩台地沉积体系及半深海沉积体系等7大沉积体系及19个沉积相,并以三级层序为单位,初步分析了区内晚石炭世～二叠纪沉积古地理特征。
4、初步分析了区内石炭～二叠系生、储、盖特征,并运用层序地层学理论预测了烃源岩、储集层及盖层发育的有利层位及区域；分析了生储盖组合特征,将区内生储盖组合划分为自生自储型、下生上储型及上生下储型三种；初步预测了油气勘探的有利区带,认为居延海坳陷及务陶亥坳陷是研究区石炭～二叠系最为有利的生烃区域,而绿园隆起及其与两坳陷的过渡地带以及特罗西滩隆起南缘是区内石炭～二叠系最为有利的勘探区域。
The Carboniferous-Permian in Yingen-Ejinaqi and it's surrounding area, Inner Mongolia, with greate thickness and vast dark mudstones, show a fine petroleum geological condition. But no systematic petroleum geological studies have ever been conducted because of the formidable geological and natural conditions. This paper, for the first time, based on the petroleum geological survey conducted by the greate geological survey of China Geological Survey Bureau, carry out outcrop sequence stratigraphic and sedimentary facies research on the Carboniferous-Permian, as means of biostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, sedimentary and petroleum geology, and analyze its sedimentary paleogeography, and predict the favorable hydrocarbon plays. This thesis draws primary conclusion and new fruit as follows:
1、Based on the former study and the geological investigation in recent years for 25 measured sections and 35 observed sections, this paper correlates redefinites and the rock-stratigraphy units and its boundary of Carboniferous～Permian with a method of biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy; and for the first time, strikes up the straum sequence of Carboniferous～Permian(exclude lower Carboniferous) in study area, which emphasis in Dongdewusu section(lower member of Amushan Formation)、Wulanaobao section(Amusan Formation)、Maihanhada section(Shuangbaotang Formation and Jinta Formation)、East Yagan section(the bottom of Haersuhai Formation) and Chaheilingashun section(Haersuhai Formation).
2、This paper firstly conducts the outcrop sequence stratigraphic research for the Carboniferous-Permian in study area, and divides 4 second-order sequences and 16 third-order sequences, it summarizes the characteristics of sequences、systerm tracts and parasequences, and discusses the formation and evolution mechanism of the parasequence, and divides the parasequences here into there kinds:coarsening-upward parasequence、fining-upward parasequence and interbeds of clastic rocks and carbonate rocks parasequence.
3、This thesis, emphasizes on the comprehensive study of facies marks, such as lithology, sedimentary structure, paleotology, vertical sequence and geochemistry, and combined with the research of facies spatial arrangement, carries out detail analyse on sedimentary facies and lithofacies palaeogeography, and consider that the Carboniferous-Permian is mainly forms in the context of neritic shelf, and the depositional systems should be divided into fan-delta depositional system、braided river delta depositional system、open coastal depositional system、restricted coastaal depositional system、neritic depositional system、carbonate platform depositional system and bathyal epositional system, and 19 sedimentary facies in detail; and it also analyzes the characteristics of sedimentary paleography of Later Carboniferous-Permian in study area, in the framework of third-order sequence.
4、The thesis analyzes the characteristics of source rocks、resivior and seal rocks, and predict the favourable stratum and area for their development; analyzes the features of the source-reservoir-cap assemblage, and classifies it into there kinds:"self-sourcing and self-reservoir",""lower-sourcing and upper reservoir" type and "upper-sourcing and lower-reservoir" type; it also predict the favourable area for petroleum exploration, points out that the Juyanhai depression and Wutaohai depression are the favourable blocks for hydrocarbon generation, and the transition zones between Luyuan uplift and its adjacent depression and the southern part of Teluoxitan are the favourable area for petroleum exploration of Carboniferous-Permian in study area.
1、在前人工作的基础上,通过三年来25条实测剖面和35条草测剖面的调查分析,以生物地层及岩石地层为手段,对区内石炭～二叠系内部部分地层单元及其界限进行了重新划分对比及厘定；并以东德乌苏剖面(阿木山组一段)、乌兰敖包剖面(阿木山组)、埋汗哈达剖面(双堡塘组及金塔组)、雅干东南剖面(哈尔苏海组底部)及查黑林噶顺剖面(哈尔苏海组)为重点,首次基本建立了区内石炭～二叠系(不含下石炭统)的完整序列。
2、以石炭～二叠系为对象,首次在区内开展了露头层序地层学研究,将区内石炭～二叠系划分为4个二级层序及16个三级层序,总结了各级层序、体系域及准层序特征,初步探讨了准层序形成演化规律,并将区内石炭～二叠系准层序划分为向上变粗准层序、向上变细逐层序及碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩混积准层序等3类。
3、以岩性、沉积构造、古生物、垂向序列及地球化学等相标志的综合研究为重点,结合相空间配置分析,对区内的石炭-二叠系进行了详细的沉积相及岩相古地理分析。基本可以认为,该区域的石炭-二叠系是在浅海陆棚背景下的一套以碎屑岩为主的沉积建造,其中主要发育了扇三角洲沉积体系、辫状河三角洲沉积体系、开阔海岸沉积体系、局限海岸沉积体系、浅海沉积体系、碳酸盐岩台地沉积体系及半深海沉积体系等7大沉积体系及19个沉积相,并以三级层序为单位,初步分析了区内晚石炭世～二叠纪沉积古地理特征。
4、初步分析了区内石炭～二叠系生、储、盖特征,并运用层序地层学理论预测了烃源岩、储集层及盖层发育的有利层位及区域；分析了生储盖组合特征,将区内生储盖组合划分为自生自储型、下生上储型及上生下储型三种；初步预测了油气勘探的有利区带,认为居延海坳陷及务陶亥坳陷是研究区石炭～二叠系最为有利的生烃区域,而绿园隆起及其与两坳陷的过渡地带以及特罗西滩隆起南缘是区内石炭～二叠系最为有利的勘探区域。
The Carboniferous-Permian in Yingen-Ejinaqi and it's surrounding area, Inner Mongolia, with greate thickness and vast dark mudstones, show a fine petroleum geological condition. But no systematic petroleum geological studies have ever been conducted because of the formidable geological and natural conditions. This paper, for the first time, based on the petroleum geological survey conducted by the greate geological survey of China Geological Survey Bureau, carry out outcrop sequence stratigraphic and sedimentary facies research on the Carboniferous-Permian, as means of biostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, sedimentary and petroleum geology, and analyze its sedimentary paleogeography, and predict the favorable hydrocarbon plays. This thesis draws primary conclusion and new fruit as follows:
1、Based on the former study and the geological investigation in recent years for 25 measured sections and 35 observed sections, this paper correlates redefinites and the rock-stratigraphy units and its boundary of Carboniferous～Permian with a method of biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy; and for the first time, strikes up the straum sequence of Carboniferous～Permian(exclude lower Carboniferous) in study area, which emphasis in Dongdewusu section(lower member of Amushan Formation)、Wulanaobao section(Amusan Formation)、Maihanhada section(Shuangbaotang Formation and Jinta Formation)、East Yagan section(the bottom of Haersuhai Formation) and Chaheilingashun section(Haersuhai Formation).
2、This paper firstly conducts the outcrop sequence stratigraphic research for the Carboniferous-Permian in study area, and divides 4 second-order sequences and 16 third-order sequences, it summarizes the characteristics of sequences、systerm tracts and parasequences, and discusses the formation and evolution mechanism of the parasequence, and divides the parasequences here into there kinds:coarsening-upward parasequence、fining-upward parasequence and interbeds of clastic rocks and carbonate rocks parasequence.
3、This thesis, emphasizes on the comprehensive study of facies marks, such as lithology, sedimentary structure, paleotology, vertical sequence and geochemistry, and combined with the research of facies spatial arrangement, carries out detail analyse on sedimentary facies and lithofacies palaeogeography, and consider that the Carboniferous-Permian is mainly forms in the context of neritic shelf, and the depositional systems should be divided into fan-delta depositional system、braided river delta depositional system、open coastal depositional system、restricted coastaal depositional system、neritic depositional system、carbonate platform depositional system and bathyal epositional system, and 19 sedimentary facies in detail; and it also analyzes the characteristics of sedimentary paleography of Later Carboniferous-Permian in study area, in the framework of third-order sequence.
4、The thesis analyzes the characteristics of source rocks、resivior and seal rocks, and predict the favourable stratum and area for their development; analyzes the features of the source-reservoir-cap assemblage, and classifies it into there kinds:"self-sourcing and self-reservoir",""lower-sourcing and upper reservoir" type and "upper-sourcing and lower-reservoir" type; it also predict the favourable area for petroleum exploration, points out that the Juyanhai depression and Wutaohai depression are the favourable blocks for hydrocarbon generation, and the transition zones between Luyuan uplift and its adjacent depression and the southern part of Teluoxitan are the favourable area for petroleum exploration of Carboniferous-Permian in study area.
引文
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