农村校园沼气管理专家系统研究
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摘要
校园沼气系统运行的稳定是农村沼气生态校园系统保持良性循环的关键,而沼气系统的管理和维护往往需要经验丰富的沼气专家的知识和技术来指导。据调查了解所知:农村校园沼气管理存在管理人员技术水平低下,遇到问题不能与沼气专家及时有效沟通;管理制度不完善等问题。?
针对上述问题,提出建立农村校园沼气管理专家系统,以期达到积累和传播专家知识;代替沼气专家解答校园沼气系统运行管理相关问题;提供培训和查询功能,短期内提高普通人员技术水平;扩展生态校园网络互动子系统内容等功用。?
将计算机技术应用到生态校园沼气系统运行管理之中是保障农村沼气生态校园模式可持续发展的重要手段之一,既是管理方法的创新与提升,也是实现农村沼气生态校园综合效益得到全面提高的一种可行性方法。本系统能够解决农村校园沼气管理过程中的实际问题,具有一定的理论价值和工程实用价值。
主要研究内容和结论包括以下几方面:?
1.对农村校园沼气管理专家系统背景进行了调研。以访谈和调查问卷等方式选取三所实施典型模式的试点农村沼气校园为调查对象,总结了农村生态校园系统存在的问题;获取了建立农村校园沼气管理专家系统所需的背景知识;提出了构建农村校园沼气管理专家系统的开发流程。?
2.汇集大量沼气专家的知识和经验,从实用角度出发,针对农村校园沼气管理的特点,模拟沼气专家对整个系统运行管理、故障诊断的过程,设计了农村校园沼气管理专家系统的体系结构及功能模块,该系统是集咨询、诊断和培训为一体的综合专家系统。选取DELPHI和SQL?Sever作为系统开发工具。?
3.?系统采用功能模块的设计方法,构建了运行管理、故障诊断、“三沼”综合利用、培训和系统维护五个模块。其中运行管理模块主要研究系统启动流程和不同模式下的长效运行管理机制;故障诊断模块主要根据沼气系统运行过程中出现的症状,智能化的判断沼气故障,并给出相应的故障原因及解决措施;“三沼”综合利用模块主要研究“三沼”综合利用的各种方式及相应的操作方法,注意事项,实际效果等内容;培训模块主要是前三个模块知识的汇总和链接,主要研究如何方便使用者从农村校园沼气管理专家系统获取咨询和指导;系统维护模块主要研究系统程序和数据的更新、删除、添加等的智能化管理。
4.对校园沼气工程知识进行了整理,针对沼气工程知识特点,采用基于故障树的产生式知识表示法建立了沼气工程故障诊治知识库,采用基于数据的正向推理策略和非精确推理方式实现了系统的推理机制,对系统功能的扩展及实现上做了有益的探索,在此基础上综合采用了人工智能、数据库和软件工程技术开发了农村校园沼气管理专家系统。??
The stability for operation of biogas systems is the key for countryside biogas eco-campus cycle system. However, the management and maintenance for campus biogas system as the key of countryside biogas eco-campus cycle system often need the knowledge and technology from experienced biogas expert to instruct. To these problems, for example, the lacks of technology of administrative personnels, they cannot get effective communication with biogas experts.
To those problems, the expert system of biogas management of countryside campus is established to accumulate and disseminate expert knowledge; to replace the biogas experts to explain many questions for operation and management of biogas systems; to provide training and the inquiry function, which can raise the technical level of ordinary personnel in a short time; to develop this subsystem's function of eco-campus network interaction and so on.
Applying the computer technology during the operation management of biogas system of eco-campus is a kind of way to keep sustainable development of eco-campus system; the innovation and promotion of management; a feasible method to obtain general benefit. This system can solve actual problems in the process of biogas management of rural campus, which possess the strong theoretical and practical value. Main research contents and conclusions include the following several aspects:
1. Carry on the investigation and study to the background of establishment of expert system of biogas management of rural eco-campus. Select three schools as the investigation object, which are the experiment site of typical model of rural biogas eco-campus and take ways such as interviews and questionnaires to summarize the existence questions for rural eco-campus system. Gain the background knowledge which the expert system need. Propose the development flow to establish the expert system of biogas management of rural eco-campus.
2. Collected massive the knowledge and experience of biogas expert, embarked from practical angle, in view of the knoledge characteristic of biogas management of rural campus, simulated biogas expert to the management of overall system and the process of fault diagnosis, the structure and functional module of expert system of biogas management of countryside campus are designed. This comprehensive expert system include three functions of the consultation, the diagnosis and the training. It selects DELPHI and SQL Sever as the system development tools.
3. Using the function module as the design method, the system has constructed five modules: the module of operation guidance, the module of fault diagnosis, the module of comprehensive utilization of biogas and biogas leftover, the module of training and the module of system maintenance. The module of operational guidance mainly research the initiation flow of system and the mechanism of sustainable and effective operation guidance under different pattern. Based on the fault symptom in the operation process of biogas system, the module of fault diagnosis mainly intellectually judge biogas breakdown, and gives the corresponding breakdown reasons and the solution measures.The module of comprehensive utilization of biogas and biogas leftover mainly research each way of comprehensive utilization including the corresponding operation procedure, the matters needing attention, the actual result and so on. The training module is knowledge links from first three modules. It mainly studies how to facilitate the users to gain the consultation and instruction from the expert system of biogas management of countryside eco-campus. The module of system maintenance mainly research intellectualized management including the program and updata of system, deletion, increase and so on.
4. Organized the knowledge of campus biogas, in view of the knowledge characteristic of biogas project, based on fault tree's knowledge method, the knowledge database of fault diagnosis has been established. Used the non-precise reasoning mechanism, and based on the data forward reasoning strategy the system has realized reasoning. For function's expansion of system, the beneficial exploration has been made. The artificial intelligence, the database and the software engineering technology are synthetically used to develop this expert system.
针对上述问题,提出建立农村校园沼气管理专家系统,以期达到积累和传播专家知识;代替沼气专家解答校园沼气系统运行管理相关问题;提供培训和查询功能,短期内提高普通人员技术水平;扩展生态校园网络互动子系统内容等功用。?
将计算机技术应用到生态校园沼气系统运行管理之中是保障农村沼气生态校园模式可持续发展的重要手段之一,既是管理方法的创新与提升,也是实现农村沼气生态校园综合效益得到全面提高的一种可行性方法。本系统能够解决农村校园沼气管理过程中的实际问题,具有一定的理论价值和工程实用价值。
主要研究内容和结论包括以下几方面:?
1.对农村校园沼气管理专家系统背景进行了调研。以访谈和调查问卷等方式选取三所实施典型模式的试点农村沼气校园为调查对象,总结了农村生态校园系统存在的问题;获取了建立农村校园沼气管理专家系统所需的背景知识;提出了构建农村校园沼气管理专家系统的开发流程。?
2.汇集大量沼气专家的知识和经验,从实用角度出发,针对农村校园沼气管理的特点,模拟沼气专家对整个系统运行管理、故障诊断的过程,设计了农村校园沼气管理专家系统的体系结构及功能模块,该系统是集咨询、诊断和培训为一体的综合专家系统。选取DELPHI和SQL?Sever作为系统开发工具。?
3.?系统采用功能模块的设计方法,构建了运行管理、故障诊断、“三沼”综合利用、培训和系统维护五个模块。其中运行管理模块主要研究系统启动流程和不同模式下的长效运行管理机制;故障诊断模块主要根据沼气系统运行过程中出现的症状,智能化的判断沼气故障,并给出相应的故障原因及解决措施;“三沼”综合利用模块主要研究“三沼”综合利用的各种方式及相应的操作方法,注意事项,实际效果等内容;培训模块主要是前三个模块知识的汇总和链接,主要研究如何方便使用者从农村校园沼气管理专家系统获取咨询和指导;系统维护模块主要研究系统程序和数据的更新、删除、添加等的智能化管理。
4.对校园沼气工程知识进行了整理,针对沼气工程知识特点,采用基于故障树的产生式知识表示法建立了沼气工程故障诊治知识库,采用基于数据的正向推理策略和非精确推理方式实现了系统的推理机制,对系统功能的扩展及实现上做了有益的探索,在此基础上综合采用了人工智能、数据库和软件工程技术开发了农村校园沼气管理专家系统。??
The stability for operation of biogas systems is the key for countryside biogas eco-campus cycle system. However, the management and maintenance for campus biogas system as the key of countryside biogas eco-campus cycle system often need the knowledge and technology from experienced biogas expert to instruct. To these problems, for example, the lacks of technology of administrative personnels, they cannot get effective communication with biogas experts.
To those problems, the expert system of biogas management of countryside campus is established to accumulate and disseminate expert knowledge; to replace the biogas experts to explain many questions for operation and management of biogas systems; to provide training and the inquiry function, which can raise the technical level of ordinary personnel in a short time; to develop this subsystem's function of eco-campus network interaction and so on.
Applying the computer technology during the operation management of biogas system of eco-campus is a kind of way to keep sustainable development of eco-campus system; the innovation and promotion of management; a feasible method to obtain general benefit. This system can solve actual problems in the process of biogas management of rural campus, which possess the strong theoretical and practical value. Main research contents and conclusions include the following several aspects:
1. Carry on the investigation and study to the background of establishment of expert system of biogas management of rural eco-campus. Select three schools as the investigation object, which are the experiment site of typical model of rural biogas eco-campus and take ways such as interviews and questionnaires to summarize the existence questions for rural eco-campus system. Gain the background knowledge which the expert system need. Propose the development flow to establish the expert system of biogas management of rural eco-campus.
2. Collected massive the knowledge and experience of biogas expert, embarked from practical angle, in view of the knoledge characteristic of biogas management of rural campus, simulated biogas expert to the management of overall system and the process of fault diagnosis, the structure and functional module of expert system of biogas management of countryside campus are designed. This comprehensive expert system include three functions of the consultation, the diagnosis and the training. It selects DELPHI and SQL Sever as the system development tools.
3. Using the function module as the design method, the system has constructed five modules: the module of operation guidance, the module of fault diagnosis, the module of comprehensive utilization of biogas and biogas leftover, the module of training and the module of system maintenance. The module of operational guidance mainly research the initiation flow of system and the mechanism of sustainable and effective operation guidance under different pattern. Based on the fault symptom in the operation process of biogas system, the module of fault diagnosis mainly intellectually judge biogas breakdown, and gives the corresponding breakdown reasons and the solution measures.The module of comprehensive utilization of biogas and biogas leftover mainly research each way of comprehensive utilization including the corresponding operation procedure, the matters needing attention, the actual result and so on. The training module is knowledge links from first three modules. It mainly studies how to facilitate the users to gain the consultation and instruction from the expert system of biogas management of countryside eco-campus. The module of system maintenance mainly research intellectualized management including the program and updata of system, deletion, increase and so on.
4. Organized the knowledge of campus biogas, in view of the knowledge characteristic of biogas project, based on fault tree's knowledge method, the knowledge database of fault diagnosis has been established. Used the non-precise reasoning mechanism, and based on the data forward reasoning strategy the system has realized reasoning. For function's expansion of system, the beneficial exploration has been made. The artificial intelligence, the database and the software engineering technology are synthetically used to develop this expert system.
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