我国新型农业合作组织研究
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摘要
农业合作社是具有某种共同经济需要的一群农户、消费者或市场经济中其他分散弱小的实体,为抗衡经济领域各环节的垄断力量,增强市场交易地位而自主设立、自愿出资、自我服务、民主控制的,以促进社员的经营活动为目的的、以共同的业务活动为手段,以生产、加工、销售环节的有关合作为重点的新型组织团体或企业形式。
通过农业合作经济组织的形式,将广大农户组织起来,共同参与经济活动。通过合作,加速农业市场化,国际化,提高农民组织化程度,降低了交易费用,抬高农民谈判地位;推进适度规模经营,分散了经营风险;在合作的基础上构建农民利
益保护机制。影响农业合作社发展的原因比较多,本文从内外部因素分别进行了具体分析。内部因素的影响包括人的思想,农业产品和农业生产的特性,合作社制度的性质;外部环境则包括市场经济程度,法律,政府,融资等方面的影响。
新型农业合作社作为劳动与资本的双重性质的融合,有其特殊的存在原则,在适当的环境中,不仅可以发挥合作的效用,也带来了资本累积的好处,将风险尽可能减小。
目前我国农民专业合作组织尚处于发展的初期阶段。由于各地自然、经济、社会条件不同,其创建和发展可以采用灵活的模式,因地因时制宜,尊重农民的创造,鼓励农民大胆探索,同时不断深入进行理论研究,逐步探索出适合实际情况的新型农业合作社。
Agricultural cooperative is a new type organization, that a group of peasants, consumers or other separated weak entities in the market economy, promote the associates’prosecution activity, use the common operations as means, take the related cooperation in producing, machining and selling as the key point, to oppose all the monopoly strength spread in economy field and upgrade the market status.
Through the way of agricultural cooperative, peasants take part in the economy, organized. Thus, the agriculture industry is more liberalized and internationalized. The transaction cost is receded, and the treaty status is driven up. The proper-scale prosecution decentralizes the business risk. And the mechanism of peasants’profit is constructed on the base of cooperation.
The matters that affect the development of the agricultural cooperative are comparatively many, and this dissertation analyses them both interiorly and exteriorly. The interior matters include human thoughts, the specialty of the agricultural product and production, also the property of the institutional system. While the exterior environment includes the market, the law system, government and financing, etc.
As the amalgamation of labor and capital, the new agricultural cooperative has its own fundamental of being existing. In proper environment, it could exert the effect of cooperating, bringing in the advantage of capital accumulation and reducing the risk as far as it could.
At present, the agricultural cooperative in China is just on its initial stage. Due to the differences of nature, economy, society, the creation and development could be adopted in flexible ways. We may adjust measures to local conditions, show respect to peasants’creation, embolden them exploring with courage, and make the theory research continuously, gradually grope for the most proper type of the new agricultural cooperative.
通过农业合作经济组织的形式,将广大农户组织起来,共同参与经济活动。通过合作,加速农业市场化,国际化,提高农民组织化程度,降低了交易费用,抬高农民谈判地位;推进适度规模经营,分散了经营风险;在合作的基础上构建农民利
益保护机制。影响农业合作社发展的原因比较多,本文从内外部因素分别进行了具体分析。内部因素的影响包括人的思想,农业产品和农业生产的特性,合作社制度的性质;外部环境则包括市场经济程度,法律,政府,融资等方面的影响。
新型农业合作社作为劳动与资本的双重性质的融合,有其特殊的存在原则,在适当的环境中,不仅可以发挥合作的效用,也带来了资本累积的好处,将风险尽可能减小。
目前我国农民专业合作组织尚处于发展的初期阶段。由于各地自然、经济、社会条件不同,其创建和发展可以采用灵活的模式,因地因时制宜,尊重农民的创造,鼓励农民大胆探索,同时不断深入进行理论研究,逐步探索出适合实际情况的新型农业合作社。
Agricultural cooperative is a new type organization, that a group of peasants, consumers or other separated weak entities in the market economy, promote the associates’prosecution activity, use the common operations as means, take the related cooperation in producing, machining and selling as the key point, to oppose all the monopoly strength spread in economy field and upgrade the market status.
Through the way of agricultural cooperative, peasants take part in the economy, organized. Thus, the agriculture industry is more liberalized and internationalized. The transaction cost is receded, and the treaty status is driven up. The proper-scale prosecution decentralizes the business risk. And the mechanism of peasants’profit is constructed on the base of cooperation.
The matters that affect the development of the agricultural cooperative are comparatively many, and this dissertation analyses them both interiorly and exteriorly. The interior matters include human thoughts, the specialty of the agricultural product and production, also the property of the institutional system. While the exterior environment includes the market, the law system, government and financing, etc.
As the amalgamation of labor and capital, the new agricultural cooperative has its own fundamental of being existing. In proper environment, it could exert the effect of cooperating, bringing in the advantage of capital accumulation and reducing the risk as far as it could.
At present, the agricultural cooperative in China is just on its initial stage. Due to the differences of nature, economy, society, the creation and development could be adopted in flexible ways. We may adjust measures to local conditions, show respect to peasants’creation, embolden them exploring with courage, and make the theory research continuously, gradually grope for the most proper type of the new agricultural cooperative.
引文
[1] 杜吟棠.合作社:农业中的现代企业制度.南昌:江西人民出版社,2002
[2] 吴藻溪.近代合作思想史.棠棣出版社,1950
[3] 程同顺.中国农民组织化研究初探.天津:天津人民出版社,2003
[4] 王树桐,戎殿新.世界合作社运动史.山东大学出版社,1996
[5] 苑鹏.现代合作社理论研究发展评述. 农村经营管理,2005(4):15~19
[6] 苑鹏.中国农村市场化进程中的农民合作组织研究.中国社会科学,2001(6):63~73
[7] 苑鹏.发展农民专业合作组织推进农村小康社会建设.经济研究参考,2003(3):24～32
[8] 全国人大农业与农村委员会代表团.法国农业合作社及对我国的启示.农村经营管理,2005(4)
[9] 冯开文.国外合作社经验纵横论——几个代表性合作社的最新举措及其对中国的启示. 中国合作经济,2005(8):45~49
[10] 周连云,齐雪飞.合作社与公司比较研究. 合作经济与科技, 2005(12):10~12
[11] 王治强,当前农村合作组织问题初探.理论学刊,2005(1):62~64
[12] 浙江大学农业现代化与农村发展研究中心.大力发展农民专业合作经济组织.农业经济问题,2003(5):41～45
[13] 杜吟棠.“公司+农户”模式初探.中国农村观察,2002(1):30~38
[14] 薛兴利,杨学成,靳相木.农村新型经济合作组织的实证分析与政策措施.农业经济 I 司题,2000(10):17～21
[15] 国鲁米.合作社的经营管理分析.农村经营管理, 2005 (7):43～45
[16] 傅晨,吕斌.合作社本质探析. 新疆农垦经济,2005(5):37～40
[17] 应瑞瑶,何军.中国农业合作社立法若干理论问题研究.农业经济问题,2002(7):2～7
[18] 孙克强.对当前农村合作经济组织的比较研究.江西财经大学学报,2002(2):18～21
[19] 阎寿根.衙州市农村新型合作经济组织的实践与思考.中国农村经济,2002(3):29～33
[20] 卡洛·博尔查噶教授与詹克斯·德福尼教授.欧洲社会合作经济.特兰托社会合作经济研究中心 ISSAN,2002
[21] R·科斯.财产权利与制度变迁.上海人民出版社,1994
[22] 法国全国合作集团编写.法国的合作运动.中国商业出版社,1986
[23] Andre Chomel. The Evolution of Cooperative Thought in France
[24] Andrew A Jermolowiez. Cooperative Pooling Operations , RBS Research Report168.Agricultural Business-Cooperative Service,USDA,1999
[25] Jennifer J. Keeling Lessons in Cooperative Failure: The Rice Growers Association Experience.2002
[26] Morrow Jr., Hansen, Mark H, Pearson, Allison W. The Cognitive and Affective Antecedents of General Trust within Cooperative Organizations. Journal of Managerial Issues, 2004, Vol. 16:48-64
[27] Baarda, James.Major. changes in agriculture raise big questions for nation's cooperatives. Agricultural Cooperatives, 2002, Vol. 69:21
[28] Jakobsen, Gurli. When Business Leads Co-operative Development, Review of International Co-operation,1996,Vol.89,No.2
[29] Munkner,Hans-H. Review of Principles aria the Role of co-operative in 21st Century, Review of International Co-operation,1995,Vol.88,No.2
[30] Torgerson, Randall E.. Attention to member, market needs is key to cooperative success. Agricultural Cooperatives, 2002, Vol. 69 :2
[31] Torgerson, Randall. Cooperative marketing in the new millennium. Agricultural Cooperatives, 2000, Vol. 67 :7~8
[32] Sporleder, Thomas L Capital Market Innovations and Agricultural Cooperatives. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1999, Vol. 81:1247~1249
[33] Thompson, Jill Long. Next generation cooperatives. Agricultural Cooperatives, 1999, Vol. 66:6~7
[34] Thompson,D. J. The Lights were Lit. Review of International Co-operation,1995,Vol. 88, No. l
[35] Zeuli , Kimberly A. New Risk-Management Strategies for Agricultural Cooperatives. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1999, Vol. 81: 1234~1239
[36] David W.Barton. Cooperatives in Agriculture. Prentice Hall,USA,1989
[2] 吴藻溪.近代合作思想史.棠棣出版社,1950
[3] 程同顺.中国农民组织化研究初探.天津:天津人民出版社,2003
[4] 王树桐,戎殿新.世界合作社运动史.山东大学出版社,1996
[5] 苑鹏.现代合作社理论研究发展评述. 农村经营管理,2005(4):15~19
[6] 苑鹏.中国农村市场化进程中的农民合作组织研究.中国社会科学,2001(6):63~73
[7] 苑鹏.发展农民专业合作组织推进农村小康社会建设.经济研究参考,2003(3):24～32
[8] 全国人大农业与农村委员会代表团.法国农业合作社及对我国的启示.农村经营管理,2005(4)
[9] 冯开文.国外合作社经验纵横论——几个代表性合作社的最新举措及其对中国的启示. 中国合作经济,2005(8):45~49
[10] 周连云,齐雪飞.合作社与公司比较研究. 合作经济与科技, 2005(12):10~12
[11] 王治强,当前农村合作组织问题初探.理论学刊,2005(1):62~64
[12] 浙江大学农业现代化与农村发展研究中心.大力发展农民专业合作经济组织.农业经济问题,2003(5):41～45
[13] 杜吟棠.“公司+农户”模式初探.中国农村观察,2002(1):30~38
[14] 薛兴利,杨学成,靳相木.农村新型经济合作组织的实证分析与政策措施.农业经济 I 司题,2000(10):17～21
[15] 国鲁米.合作社的经营管理分析.农村经营管理, 2005 (7):43～45
[16] 傅晨,吕斌.合作社本质探析. 新疆农垦经济,2005(5):37～40
[17] 应瑞瑶,何军.中国农业合作社立法若干理论问题研究.农业经济问题,2002(7):2～7
[18] 孙克强.对当前农村合作经济组织的比较研究.江西财经大学学报,2002(2):18～21
[19] 阎寿根.衙州市农村新型合作经济组织的实践与思考.中国农村经济,2002(3):29～33
[20] 卡洛·博尔查噶教授与詹克斯·德福尼教授.欧洲社会合作经济.特兰托社会合作经济研究中心 ISSAN,2002
[21] R·科斯.财产权利与制度变迁.上海人民出版社,1994
[22] 法国全国合作集团编写.法国的合作运动.中国商业出版社,1986
[23] Andre Chomel. The Evolution of Cooperative Thought in France
[24] Andrew A Jermolowiez. Cooperative Pooling Operations , RBS Research Report168.Agricultural Business-Cooperative Service,USDA,1999
[25] Jennifer J. Keeling Lessons in Cooperative Failure: The Rice Growers Association Experience.2002
[26] Morrow Jr., Hansen, Mark H, Pearson, Allison W. The Cognitive and Affective Antecedents of General Trust within Cooperative Organizations. Journal of Managerial Issues, 2004, Vol. 16:48-64
[27] Baarda, James.Major. changes in agriculture raise big questions for nation's cooperatives. Agricultural Cooperatives, 2002, Vol. 69:21
[28] Jakobsen, Gurli. When Business Leads Co-operative Development, Review of International Co-operation,1996,Vol.89,No.2
[29] Munkner,Hans-H. Review of Principles aria the Role of co-operative in 21st Century, Review of International Co-operation,1995,Vol.88,No.2
[30] Torgerson, Randall E.. Attention to member, market needs is key to cooperative success. Agricultural Cooperatives, 2002, Vol. 69 :2
[31] Torgerson, Randall. Cooperative marketing in the new millennium. Agricultural Cooperatives, 2000, Vol. 67 :7~8
[32] Sporleder, Thomas L Capital Market Innovations and Agricultural Cooperatives. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1999, Vol. 81:1247~1249
[33] Thompson, Jill Long. Next generation cooperatives. Agricultural Cooperatives, 1999, Vol. 66:6~7
[34] Thompson,D. J. The Lights were Lit. Review of International Co-operation,1995,Vol. 88, No. l
[35] Zeuli , Kimberly A. New Risk-Management Strategies for Agricultural Cooperatives. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1999, Vol. 81: 1234~1239
[36] David W.Barton. Cooperatives in Agriculture. Prentice Hall,USA,1989