重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况、担心程度及应对的相关研究
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摘要
目的
了解重症监护病房护士职业危害的发生现状、对职业危害的担心程度及经常采取的应对方式,探讨重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况与担心程度、发生情况与应对、担心程度与应对的相关性。为监护病房护士、护理管理者、护理教育者有针对性的采取职业防护提供参考,引导护士采取积极有效的应对,减少工作倦怠的发生,提高护士工作满意度,促进身心健康。
方法
根据国际劳工组织职业安全与卫生信息中心(ILO-CIS)的国际职业危害数据库对护士职业危害的分类,在查阅大量相关文献及参考国内李红等护理学者研制的护理职业风险评估工具的基础之上,编制重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况及担心程度调查问卷,经过专家评定,对问卷进行修改,通过预试验对问卷信效度进行检验,形成问卷。
选取沈阳市三级甲等非营利性医院重症监护病房在职注册护士为研究对象,对其发放一般资料调查表、重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况及担心程度调查问卷、简易应对方式问卷,对重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况、担心程度及采取的应对方式分别进行现况分析；分析一般人口学特征对职业危害发生情况、担心程度、应对的影响；职业危害发生情况与担心程度的关系；担心程度与应对的关系；职业危害发生情况与应对的关系。
所有的数据均采用SPSS13.0统计软件处理。统计分析方法主要有：描述性统计(以百分比、均数、标准差描述)、t检验或单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析。
结果
1、本次调查重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况整体总得分平均数为31.42±10.12分,每题得分平均为1.72±0.55分。事故性危害、物理性危害、生物性危害、化学性危害、人体工效学,心理社会和组织因素危害五个维度的总体得分平均数分别为4.25±2.03分、6.44±2.45分、4.55±2.22分、4.39±2.71分、13.08±3.54分。
2、职业危害担心程度整体总得分平均数为35.59±9.49分,每题平均得分为1.97±0.53分。事故性危害、物理性危害、生物性危害、化学性危害、人体工效学,心理社会和组织因素危害五个维度的总体得分平均数分别为4.57±1.87分、6.04±2.32分、4.94±2.18分、6.88±2.16分、13.08±3.36分。
3、职业危害积极应对总体得分平均为31.03±7.10分,每题平均得分为1.82±0.39分,消极应对总体得分平均为9.22±4.16分,每题平均得分为1.15±0.52分。
4、影响职业危害发生情况的因素有：年龄(P<0.001)、婚姻状况(P<0.01)、职称(P<0.01)、编制(P<0.01)、监护病房工作年限(P<0.01)。影响职业危害担心程度的因素有编制(P<0.05)。培训(P<0.05)对积极应对有影响。
5、职业危害发生情况与担心程度呈正相关,Pearson相关系数为0.540(P<0.01)；职业危害发生情况与消极应对呈正相关,其相关系数为0.191(P<0.01)；担心程度也与消极应对呈正相关,Pearson相关系数为0.136(P<0.05)。
结论
1、本次调查沈阳市五所医院的重症监护病房护士职业危害发生频率较高,人体工效学,心理社会和组织因素危害是最经常发生的职业危害。
2、重症监护病房护士对职业危害担心程度较高,对人体工效学,心理社会和组织因素危害最为担心。
3、重症监护病房护士总体上积极应对水平较高。
4、年龄、婚姻状况、职称、编制、监护病房工作年限是职业危害发生情况的影响因素：编制是职业危害担心程度的影响因素；培训是积极应对的影响因素。
5、重症监护病房护士职业危害发生频率越高其担心程度也越高,而发生情况、担心程度越高,护士越倾向于使用消极的应对方式。
Objective
To understand the occurrence of occupational hazards of nurses in intensive care unit,their worry degree and coping strategies to it.Providing informations to safety guard to occupational hazards for nurses in intensive care unit, nursing supervisor,nursing educator. Guiding nurses to adopt effective coping strategies,decreasing job burn out,increasing job satisfaction and promoting physical and mental health.
Methods
According to ILO-CIS's classifications of nursing occupational hazards, on the basis of reading a lot of related literature and scholar Li Hong's Nursing Occupational Risk Assessment Tool in domestic,establishing questionnaire of Occurrence,Worry Degree to Occupational Hazards of intensive care unit nurses.Then it is evaluated by experts and made some changes.By preliminary test,its reliability and validity is analyzed to form the last questionnaire.
Distributing general information questionnaire, questionnaire of occurrence,worry Degree to occupational hazards of intensive care unit nurses,simply coping style questionnaire to registered nurses in intensive care unit in third grade nonprofit hospital in Shen Yang to analyze the present situation of occurrence,worry degree and coping to occupational hazards of nurses in intensive care unit; the general demography character's effection to occurrence,worry degree and coping to occupational hazards;the relationship between occurrence and worry degree; the relationship between worry degree and coping; the relationship between occurrence and coping.
All data is analyzed by SPSS 13.0.The main statistical methods are:descriptive statistical analysis(ratio,mean,standard deviation),t test,ANOVA,Pearson correlation analysis.
Results
1.The overall occurrence of occupational hazards of nurses investigated in intensive care unit score is 31.42±10.12,with each item score is 1.72±0.55. Accidental hazards,physical hazards, chmical hazards, biological hazards, ergonomics, psychosocial and organizational hazards's overall score is 4.25±2.03,6.44±2.45, 4.55±2.22,4.39±2.71,13.08±3.54 respectively.
2. The overall worry Degree to occupational hazards of intensive care unit nurses score is 35.59±9.49, with each item score is 1.97±0.53. Accidental hazards,physical hazards, chmical hazards, biological hazards, ergonomics, psychosocial and organizational hazards's overall score is 4.57±1.87,6.04±2.32,4.94±2.18,6.88±2.16, 13.08±3.36respectively.
3. The overall optimistic coping to occupational hazards of nurses in intensive care unit score is 31.03±7.10, with each item score is 1.82±0.39. Pessimistic coping to occupational hazards of nurses in intensive care unit score is 9.22±4.16, with each item score is 1.15±0.52.
4. Factors that could have influence on the overall occurrence of occupational hazards of nurses investigated in intensive care unit including age(p<0.01),marriage status(p<0.01),professional title(p<0.01),offical or unofficial(p<0.01),working times in intensive care unit(p<0.01). Affical or unofficial(p<0.05) may have influence on worry Degree to occupational hazards of intensive care unit nurse.Training have influence on the optimistic coping to occupational hazards of nurses in intensive care unit.
5. The occurrence of occupational hazards of nurses investigated in intensive care unit have positive correlation with worry degree, with Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.540 (p<0.01). Occurrence of occupational hazards, worry degree have positive correlation with pessimistic coping, Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.191 (p<0.01),0.136 (p<0.05) respectively.
Conclusion
1.The overall occurrence of occupational hazards of nurses investigated in intensive care unit is a little higher, Ergonomics, psychosocial and organizational hazards is the hightest.
2.The overall worry degree to occupational hazards of nurses investigated in intensive care unit is a little higher, Ergonomics, psychosocial and organizational hazards is the hightest.
3. The overall level of optimistic coping to occupational hazards of nurses in intensive care unit is higher.
4. Age,marriage status,professional title,offical or unofficial,working times in intensive care unit are factors that have influence on the overall occurrence of occupational hazards of nurses investigated in intensive care unit. Offical or unofficial is the only factors that have influence on the worry degree.Traing is the only factors that have influence on the optimistic coping.
5..The higher level of occurrence of occupational hazards of nurses investigated in intensive care unit,the higher worry degree. The higher level of occurrence and worry degree,the higher inclination to pessimiscic coping.
了解重症监护病房护士职业危害的发生现状、对职业危害的担心程度及经常采取的应对方式,探讨重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况与担心程度、发生情况与应对、担心程度与应对的相关性。为监护病房护士、护理管理者、护理教育者有针对性的采取职业防护提供参考,引导护士采取积极有效的应对,减少工作倦怠的发生,提高护士工作满意度,促进身心健康。
方法
根据国际劳工组织职业安全与卫生信息中心(ILO-CIS)的国际职业危害数据库对护士职业危害的分类,在查阅大量相关文献及参考国内李红等护理学者研制的护理职业风险评估工具的基础之上,编制重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况及担心程度调查问卷,经过专家评定,对问卷进行修改,通过预试验对问卷信效度进行检验,形成问卷。
选取沈阳市三级甲等非营利性医院重症监护病房在职注册护士为研究对象,对其发放一般资料调查表、重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况及担心程度调查问卷、简易应对方式问卷,对重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况、担心程度及采取的应对方式分别进行现况分析；分析一般人口学特征对职业危害发生情况、担心程度、应对的影响；职业危害发生情况与担心程度的关系；担心程度与应对的关系；职业危害发生情况与应对的关系。
所有的数据均采用SPSS13.0统计软件处理。统计分析方法主要有：描述性统计(以百分比、均数、标准差描述)、t检验或单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析。
结果
1、本次调查重症监护病房护士职业危害发生情况整体总得分平均数为31.42±10.12分,每题得分平均为1.72±0.55分。事故性危害、物理性危害、生物性危害、化学性危害、人体工效学,心理社会和组织因素危害五个维度的总体得分平均数分别为4.25±2.03分、6.44±2.45分、4.55±2.22分、4.39±2.71分、13.08±3.54分。
2、职业危害担心程度整体总得分平均数为35.59±9.49分,每题平均得分为1.97±0.53分。事故性危害、物理性危害、生物性危害、化学性危害、人体工效学,心理社会和组织因素危害五个维度的总体得分平均数分别为4.57±1.87分、6.04±2.32分、4.94±2.18分、6.88±2.16分、13.08±3.36分。
3、职业危害积极应对总体得分平均为31.03±7.10分,每题平均得分为1.82±0.39分,消极应对总体得分平均为9.22±4.16分,每题平均得分为1.15±0.52分。
4、影响职业危害发生情况的因素有：年龄(P<0.001)、婚姻状况(P<0.01)、职称(P<0.01)、编制(P<0.01)、监护病房工作年限(P<0.01)。影响职业危害担心程度的因素有编制(P<0.05)。培训(P<0.05)对积极应对有影响。
5、职业危害发生情况与担心程度呈正相关,Pearson相关系数为0.540(P<0.01)；职业危害发生情况与消极应对呈正相关,其相关系数为0.191(P<0.01)；担心程度也与消极应对呈正相关,Pearson相关系数为0.136(P<0.05)。
结论
1、本次调查沈阳市五所医院的重症监护病房护士职业危害发生频率较高,人体工效学,心理社会和组织因素危害是最经常发生的职业危害。
2、重症监护病房护士对职业危害担心程度较高,对人体工效学,心理社会和组织因素危害最为担心。
3、重症监护病房护士总体上积极应对水平较高。
4、年龄、婚姻状况、职称、编制、监护病房工作年限是职业危害发生情况的影响因素：编制是职业危害担心程度的影响因素；培训是积极应对的影响因素。
5、重症监护病房护士职业危害发生频率越高其担心程度也越高,而发生情况、担心程度越高,护士越倾向于使用消极的应对方式。
Objective
To understand the occurrence of occupational hazards of nurses in intensive care unit,their worry degree and coping strategies to it.Providing informations to safety guard to occupational hazards for nurses in intensive care unit, nursing supervisor,nursing educator. Guiding nurses to adopt effective coping strategies,decreasing job burn out,increasing job satisfaction and promoting physical and mental health.
Methods
According to ILO-CIS's classifications of nursing occupational hazards, on the basis of reading a lot of related literature and scholar Li Hong's Nursing Occupational Risk Assessment Tool in domestic,establishing questionnaire of Occurrence,Worry Degree to Occupational Hazards of intensive care unit nurses.Then it is evaluated by experts and made some changes.By preliminary test,its reliability and validity is analyzed to form the last questionnaire.
Distributing general information questionnaire, questionnaire of occurrence,worry Degree to occupational hazards of intensive care unit nurses,simply coping style questionnaire to registered nurses in intensive care unit in third grade nonprofit hospital in Shen Yang to analyze the present situation of occurrence,worry degree and coping to occupational hazards of nurses in intensive care unit; the general demography character's effection to occurrence,worry degree and coping to occupational hazards;the relationship between occurrence and worry degree; the relationship between worry degree and coping; the relationship between occurrence and coping.
All data is analyzed by SPSS 13.0.The main statistical methods are:descriptive statistical analysis(ratio,mean,standard deviation),t test,ANOVA,Pearson correlation analysis.
Results
1.The overall occurrence of occupational hazards of nurses investigated in intensive care unit score is 31.42±10.12,with each item score is 1.72±0.55. Accidental hazards,physical hazards, chmical hazards, biological hazards, ergonomics, psychosocial and organizational hazards's overall score is 4.25±2.03,6.44±2.45, 4.55±2.22,4.39±2.71,13.08±3.54 respectively.
2. The overall worry Degree to occupational hazards of intensive care unit nurses score is 35.59±9.49, with each item score is 1.97±0.53. Accidental hazards,physical hazards, chmical hazards, biological hazards, ergonomics, psychosocial and organizational hazards's overall score is 4.57±1.87,6.04±2.32,4.94±2.18,6.88±2.16, 13.08±3.36respectively.
3. The overall optimistic coping to occupational hazards of nurses in intensive care unit score is 31.03±7.10, with each item score is 1.82±0.39. Pessimistic coping to occupational hazards of nurses in intensive care unit score is 9.22±4.16, with each item score is 1.15±0.52.
4. Factors that could have influence on the overall occurrence of occupational hazards of nurses investigated in intensive care unit including age(p<0.01),marriage status(p<0.01),professional title(p<0.01),offical or unofficial(p<0.01),working times in intensive care unit(p<0.01). Affical or unofficial(p<0.05) may have influence on worry Degree to occupational hazards of intensive care unit nurse.Training have influence on the optimistic coping to occupational hazards of nurses in intensive care unit.
5. The occurrence of occupational hazards of nurses investigated in intensive care unit have positive correlation with worry degree, with Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.540 (p<0.01). Occurrence of occupational hazards, worry degree have positive correlation with pessimistic coping, Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.191 (p<0.01),0.136 (p<0.05) respectively.
Conclusion
1.The overall occurrence of occupational hazards of nurses investigated in intensive care unit is a little higher, Ergonomics, psychosocial and organizational hazards is the hightest.
2.The overall worry degree to occupational hazards of nurses investigated in intensive care unit is a little higher, Ergonomics, psychosocial and organizational hazards is the hightest.
3. The overall level of optimistic coping to occupational hazards of nurses in intensive care unit is higher.
4. Age,marriage status,professional title,offical or unofficial,working times in intensive care unit are factors that have influence on the overall occurrence of occupational hazards of nurses investigated in intensive care unit. Offical or unofficial is the only factors that have influence on the worry degree.Traing is the only factors that have influence on the optimistic coping.
5..The higher level of occurrence of occupational hazards of nurses investigated in intensive care unit,the higher worry degree. The higher level of occurrence and worry degree,the higher inclination to pessimiscic coping.
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