基于WebGIS的位置服务在林火扑救上的应用
摘要
森林和人类生活息息相关,森林每年为人类生产出大量的木材和多种多样的林副产品,而且森林的生态作用远远超过了它的物质作用。近年来,随着人类活动的影响和全球气候的异常变化,全球森林火灾有加剧的趋势。火灾对森林资源和生态环境的破坏十分严重,研究森林火灾规律与预防扑救方法对减少林火危害、保护生态环境具有重要意义。
本文根据房山区目前使用的火险天气预报模型、林火行为预报模型、扑救兵力计算模型和损失评估计算模型,开发了基于WebGIS的位置服务的林火决策系统。实践证明,该系统能够有效预报火险天气、管理林业信息,并且一旦发生火灾,该系统可以提供灵活的扑救方案,有效地提高了林火扑救效率。主要研究内容如下:
1、在WebGIS环境中,将位置服务与传统MIS/OA进行无缝集成,建立森林防火空间数据库,整合房山区原有的气象观测系统、电视监控系统及卫星导航系统等硬件资源,建立起基于WcbGIS和位置服务的森林防火决策系系统。
2、针对遥感监测数据流量大等传输瓶劲,优化平台运行速度,建立起“森林防火信息管理系统”,在区域防火主管单位的多用户间围绕护林防火决策工作,实现空间信息资源共享,并实现火险天气预报、火点定位、林火扑救、GPS跟踪定位等功能。
3、以无线电台为载体建立起消防车辆和手持GPS对讲机的零成本监控系统,从而初步建立起的房山森林防火位置服务(LBS)系统;
Forest plays an important role in human life, and it also provides people wood and lots of byproducts. The most value of forest for human beings is its ecological effect. In recent years, the amount of global forest fires has been increasing as the result of human activities and exceptional changes of climate. Forest fires lead to loss of forest recourses and destroy the ecological environment, so, the study on laws of forest fire is very important for forest fire prevention and fighting.
The part of our work was to develop a decision support system for regional forest fires, basing on the existing models of weather forecasting, behavior prediction, fire-fighting force assignment and property loss evaluation for fire danger in Fangshan District. And the compatibility of all these systems was ensured by our integration of the software and hardware platforms of Fangshan Forestry Bureau. Our decision support system has been functioned for more than half year. It turned out that, this system could effectively forecast the fire weather and manage forest information. In the case of fire alarm, we can also use it to provide flexible and intensive fire dispatches and finally improve the efficiency of fire-fighting. Main contents are as follows:
1、In the WebGIS environment, integrate the position service with the traditional MIS/OA seamlessly, establish forest fire prevention Spatial Databases, integrate the existing meteorological observation system, TV monitoring system and a satellite navigation system and other hardware resources in Fangshan District, to establish the platform of forest fire-proof policy which based on the WebGIS and location service.
2、In view of the big current capacity of remote monitor data and other transmission bottle vigor, optimize the operating speed of the platform, and establish the " forest fire-proof information management system" , make decision on the fire-proof prevention between the multi-user at the regional fire-proof unit, to realize the spatial information resource sharing, and realize the fire weather forecast、the fire point localization、the forest fire saves goal、the GPS track localization and other functions.
3、Establish the fire vehicles which take the Blower as the carrier and grasp the GPS intercom's zero cost supervisory system, thus establish the initial Fangshan forest fire-proof position service (LBS) system..
本文根据房山区目前使用的火险天气预报模型、林火行为预报模型、扑救兵力计算模型和损失评估计算模型,开发了基于WebGIS的位置服务的林火决策系统。实践证明,该系统能够有效预报火险天气、管理林业信息,并且一旦发生火灾,该系统可以提供灵活的扑救方案,有效地提高了林火扑救效率。主要研究内容如下:
1、在WebGIS环境中,将位置服务与传统MIS/OA进行无缝集成,建立森林防火空间数据库,整合房山区原有的气象观测系统、电视监控系统及卫星导航系统等硬件资源,建立起基于WcbGIS和位置服务的森林防火决策系系统。
2、针对遥感监测数据流量大等传输瓶劲,优化平台运行速度,建立起“森林防火信息管理系统”,在区域防火主管单位的多用户间围绕护林防火决策工作,实现空间信息资源共享,并实现火险天气预报、火点定位、林火扑救、GPS跟踪定位等功能。
3、以无线电台为载体建立起消防车辆和手持GPS对讲机的零成本监控系统,从而初步建立起的房山森林防火位置服务(LBS)系统;
Forest plays an important role in human life, and it also provides people wood and lots of byproducts. The most value of forest for human beings is its ecological effect. In recent years, the amount of global forest fires has been increasing as the result of human activities and exceptional changes of climate. Forest fires lead to loss of forest recourses and destroy the ecological environment, so, the study on laws of forest fire is very important for forest fire prevention and fighting.
The part of our work was to develop a decision support system for regional forest fires, basing on the existing models of weather forecasting, behavior prediction, fire-fighting force assignment and property loss evaluation for fire danger in Fangshan District. And the compatibility of all these systems was ensured by our integration of the software and hardware platforms of Fangshan Forestry Bureau. Our decision support system has been functioned for more than half year. It turned out that, this system could effectively forecast the fire weather and manage forest information. In the case of fire alarm, we can also use it to provide flexible and intensive fire dispatches and finally improve the efficiency of fire-fighting. Main contents are as follows:
1、In the WebGIS environment, integrate the position service with the traditional MIS/OA seamlessly, establish forest fire prevention Spatial Databases, integrate the existing meteorological observation system, TV monitoring system and a satellite navigation system and other hardware resources in Fangshan District, to establish the platform of forest fire-proof policy which based on the WebGIS and location service.
2、In view of the big current capacity of remote monitor data and other transmission bottle vigor, optimize the operating speed of the platform, and establish the " forest fire-proof information management system" , make decision on the fire-proof prevention between the multi-user at the regional fire-proof unit, to realize the spatial information resource sharing, and realize the fire weather forecast、the fire point localization、the forest fire saves goal、the GPS track localization and other functions.
3、Establish the fire vehicles which take the Blower as the carrier and grasp the GPS intercom's zero cost supervisory system, thus establish the initial Fangshan forest fire-proof position service (LBS) system..
引文
[1]何新权,森林对人类的作用[J],商洛师专学报(自然科学),1997,8(11):44-45.
[2]金可参,马学金,姜奎茂,森林火灾危害与防治对策[J],林业科技,1990年5月,24-28.
[3]叶兵,国内外森林防火技术及其发展趋势[D],硕士论文,2000,中国林业科学研究院科技信息研究所.
[4]国家林业局森林资源管理司,第六次全国森林资源清查及森林资源状况[J],绿色中国,2005年2月,10-12.
[5]互联网,http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-04-07/18149561517.shtml
[6]高颍仪,杨美和等,森林防大学[M],1994年,中国林业出版社
[7]崔勤善,王艳玲,嘹望台在林火监测体系中的应用[J],森林防火,2004年第1期,27-28.
[8]李春林,齐怀琴,王崇,红外成像林火监测报警车载指挥系统的研究[J],林业机械与木工设备,2003,31(11):21-24.
[9]高懋芳,覃志豪,刘三超,MODIS数据在林火监测中的应用研究[J],国土资源遥感,2005年第2期,60-63.
[10]闰厚,蒋岳新,美国E O S卫星在林火监测中的应用展望[J],林业资源管理,2001年第1期,75-78.
[11]李长江,张宝林,徐守斌,姜富,气象卫星林火监测方法[J],林业科技,1998,23(4):26-27.
[12]Yogesh Kant,V.Krishna Prasad,K.V.S.Badarinath,Algorithm for detection of active fire zones using NOAAAVHRR data,Infrared Physics & Technology,41(2000),29-34.
[13]Yogesh Kant,K.V.S.Badarinath,Sub-pixel fire detection using Landsat-TM thermal data,Infrared Physics & Technology[J],43(2002),383-387.
[14]Armando M.Femandes,Andrei B.Utkin,Alexander V.Lavrov,Rui M.Vilar,Design of committee machines for classification of single-wavelength lidar signals applied to early forest fire detection,Pattern Recognition Letters,26(2005),625-632.
[15]A.Cordoba,R.Vilar,A.Lavrov,A.B.Utkin,A.Fernandes,Multi-objective optimisation of lidar parameters for forest-fire detection on the basis of a genetic algorithm,Optics & Laser Technology,36(2004),393-400.
[16]胡志东,森林防火[M],中国林业出版社,2003年
[17]舒立福,张小罗,戴兴安,田晓瑞,王明玉,林火研究综述Ⅲ[J],世界林业研究,2003,16(4):34-37.
[18]易浩若,纪平,覃先林,全国森林火险预报系统的研究与运行[J],林业科学,2004,40(3):203-208.
[19]杨宁,清远市森林火险天气预报方法[J],广东气象,2002年第4期,24-26.
[20]刘跃红,郑吉星,闰小利,黄克磊,刘新风,庞善明,党向兵,焦作市森林火险等级预报系统[J],河南气象,2003年第4期.
[21]冯家沛,刘步宽,火险天气等级预报方法的研究[J],森林防火,1998年第1期,37-39
[22]付树学,林火管理决策支持系统[M1,中国林业出版社,1993年
[23]唐晓燕,孟宪宇,易浩若,林火蔓延模型及蔓延模拟的研究进展[J],北京林业大学学报,2002,24(3):87-92.
[24]F.Morandini,P.A.Santoni,J.H.Balbi,The contribution of radiant heat transfer to laboratory-scale "re spread under the influences of wind and slope,Fire Safety Journal,36(2001),519-543.
[25]Paulo A,Martins Fernandes,Fire spread prediction in shrub fuels in Portugal,Forest Ecology and Management,144(2001),67-74.
[26]P.A.Santoni,J.H.Balbi,Modelling of two-dimensional Bame spread across a sloping fuel bed,Fire Safety Journal,31(1998),201-225.
[27]Ioannis Karafyllidis,Design of a dedicated parallel processor for the prediction of forest fire spreading using cellular automata and genetic algorithms,Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,17(2004),19-36.
[28]袁宏永,范维澄,王清安,史学锋,面向目标的森林地表火蔓延估计模型与方法[J],自然科学进展,1996,6(3):361-366.
[29]王海晖,朱雾平,姜伟,王清安,邵剑,森林地表火行为估算的数学模型[J],火灾科学,1994,3(1):33-42.
[30]黄作维,张贵,基于G I S模型的林火蔓延研究[J],湖南林业科技,2004,31(2):17-20.
[31]朱启疆,高峰,张振威,GlS支持下森林火场蔓延的空间模拟[J],环境遥感,1995,10(2):81-89.
[32]余兴弟,张景群,安康地区森林火灾分析,陕西林业科技[J],1996年第1期,52-55.
[33]王荷秀,慕建利,侯建忠,邱宇红,陕西省林火的时空分布及火源特点[J],西北林学院学报,1998,13(1):75-78.
[34]傅泽强,内蒙古干草原火灾时空分布动态研究[J],内蒙古气象,2001年第1期,28-32.
[35]聂玉藻,林火时空分析方法与风险模型研建-以北京房山区为例[D],北京林业大学,2005.
[36]张玉红,黑龙江省森林火灾的时空分布[J],哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报,2002,18(5):95-101.
[37]蒋礼,阳柳,林火初期蔓延的分形模型[J],火灾科学,1994,3(1):1-9.
[2]金可参,马学金,姜奎茂,森林火灾危害与防治对策[J],林业科技,1990年5月,24-28.
[3]叶兵,国内外森林防火技术及其发展趋势[D],硕士论文,2000,中国林业科学研究院科技信息研究所.
[4]国家林业局森林资源管理司,第六次全国森林资源清查及森林资源状况[J],绿色中国,2005年2月,10-12.
[5]互联网,http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-04-07/18149561517.shtml
[6]高颍仪,杨美和等,森林防大学[M],1994年,中国林业出版社
[7]崔勤善,王艳玲,嘹望台在林火监测体系中的应用[J],森林防火,2004年第1期,27-28.
[8]李春林,齐怀琴,王崇,红外成像林火监测报警车载指挥系统的研究[J],林业机械与木工设备,2003,31(11):21-24.
[9]高懋芳,覃志豪,刘三超,MODIS数据在林火监测中的应用研究[J],国土资源遥感,2005年第2期,60-63.
[10]闰厚,蒋岳新,美国E O S卫星在林火监测中的应用展望[J],林业资源管理,2001年第1期,75-78.
[11]李长江,张宝林,徐守斌,姜富,气象卫星林火监测方法[J],林业科技,1998,23(4):26-27.
[12]Yogesh Kant,V.Krishna Prasad,K.V.S.Badarinath,Algorithm for detection of active fire zones using NOAAAVHRR data,Infrared Physics & Technology,41(2000),29-34.
[13]Yogesh Kant,K.V.S.Badarinath,Sub-pixel fire detection using Landsat-TM thermal data,Infrared Physics & Technology[J],43(2002),383-387.
[14]Armando M.Femandes,Andrei B.Utkin,Alexander V.Lavrov,Rui M.Vilar,Design of committee machines for classification of single-wavelength lidar signals applied to early forest fire detection,Pattern Recognition Letters,26(2005),625-632.
[15]A.Cordoba,R.Vilar,A.Lavrov,A.B.Utkin,A.Fernandes,Multi-objective optimisation of lidar parameters for forest-fire detection on the basis of a genetic algorithm,Optics & Laser Technology,36(2004),393-400.
[16]胡志东,森林防火[M],中国林业出版社,2003年
[17]舒立福,张小罗,戴兴安,田晓瑞,王明玉,林火研究综述Ⅲ[J],世界林业研究,2003,16(4):34-37.
[18]易浩若,纪平,覃先林,全国森林火险预报系统的研究与运行[J],林业科学,2004,40(3):203-208.
[19]杨宁,清远市森林火险天气预报方法[J],广东气象,2002年第4期,24-26.
[20]刘跃红,郑吉星,闰小利,黄克磊,刘新风,庞善明,党向兵,焦作市森林火险等级预报系统[J],河南气象,2003年第4期.
[21]冯家沛,刘步宽,火险天气等级预报方法的研究[J],森林防火,1998年第1期,37-39
[22]付树学,林火管理决策支持系统[M1,中国林业出版社,1993年
[23]唐晓燕,孟宪宇,易浩若,林火蔓延模型及蔓延模拟的研究进展[J],北京林业大学学报,2002,24(3):87-92.
[24]F.Morandini,P.A.Santoni,J.H.Balbi,The contribution of radiant heat transfer to laboratory-scale "re spread under the influences of wind and slope,Fire Safety Journal,36(2001),519-543.
[25]Paulo A,Martins Fernandes,Fire spread prediction in shrub fuels in Portugal,Forest Ecology and Management,144(2001),67-74.
[26]P.A.Santoni,J.H.Balbi,Modelling of two-dimensional Bame spread across a sloping fuel bed,Fire Safety Journal,31(1998),201-225.
[27]Ioannis Karafyllidis,Design of a dedicated parallel processor for the prediction of forest fire spreading using cellular automata and genetic algorithms,Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,17(2004),19-36.
[28]袁宏永,范维澄,王清安,史学锋,面向目标的森林地表火蔓延估计模型与方法[J],自然科学进展,1996,6(3):361-366.
[29]王海晖,朱雾平,姜伟,王清安,邵剑,森林地表火行为估算的数学模型[J],火灾科学,1994,3(1):33-42.
[30]黄作维,张贵,基于G I S模型的林火蔓延研究[J],湖南林业科技,2004,31(2):17-20.
[31]朱启疆,高峰,张振威,GlS支持下森林火场蔓延的空间模拟[J],环境遥感,1995,10(2):81-89.
[32]余兴弟,张景群,安康地区森林火灾分析,陕西林业科技[J],1996年第1期,52-55.
[33]王荷秀,慕建利,侯建忠,邱宇红,陕西省林火的时空分布及火源特点[J],西北林学院学报,1998,13(1):75-78.
[34]傅泽强,内蒙古干草原火灾时空分布动态研究[J],内蒙古气象,2001年第1期,28-32.
[35]聂玉藻,林火时空分析方法与风险模型研建-以北京房山区为例[D],北京林业大学,2005.
[36]张玉红,黑龙江省森林火灾的时空分布[J],哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报,2002,18(5):95-101.
[37]蒋礼,阳柳,林火初期蔓延的分形模型[J],火灾科学,1994,3(1):1-9.