变电站SCADA系统数据库的设计与开发
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摘要
SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition,监控和数据采集)系统是以计算机为基础的过程控制和调度自动化系统。它对工业现场的设备进行监视和控制,并实现数据采集与分析、设备运行控制、异常报警等功能。SCADA系统可应用于电力、石油、化工、冶金等诸多领域,特别是在电力行业中其应用最为广泛和成熟。
数据库系统作为SCADA系统中的重要模块,是进行数据采集、处理和存储的基础,也是系统中其它模块实现交互的纽带。而传统的关系型数据库在事务的处理和调度上忽略了时间因素的影响,不适合SCADA系统中所涉及的数据快速处理等时间关键型事务的处理。考虑到SCADA系统所要求的较高的实时性,就必须对数据库进行专门的设计。
本文中的数据库系统是基于变电站SCADA系统进行设计和开发的。首先,对于变电站SCADA系统的实现目标和数据库处理需求进行分析,并结合数据库的理论基础和特点确定设计目标。然后,基于整个SCADA系统软件的框架,描述了数据库模块所实现的功能。在此基础之上,对数据库各部分的实现方法进行详实的阐述。同时,提出了针对变电站SCADA系统的数据库系统模型,并对数据库的基本功能,如数据采集、设备控制、参数调节、快速诊断、异常报警等进行了详尽的介绍。
本课题中的数据库系统是采用综合的设计方法,将关系数据库和实时数据库集成于一个框架之中。在SCADA系统的数据处理过程中,数据库系统将事务根据不同的时间特性分别在不同的数据库中进行处理,以实现较高的事务处理效率。
系统中的关系数据库采用的是成熟的SQL Server2000数据库。由于SQLServer2000具有可靠性高、操作简单、易于开发等优点,同时又具有关系数据库的基本特证,非常适用于数据库系统的开发。
系统中的实时数据库则采用了内存型数据库技术。SCADA系统的各种数据和信息的分析与处理都在内存中进行,这为系统实现事务的快速处理提供了保障。当然内存型数据库在保证了SCADA系统实时性的同时也带来了一些新的问题,如对并发实时事务的处理及其优先级、多重访问数据库的锁机制、异常情况下的数据恢复等问题。本文将在利用内存型数据库满足SCADA系统的实时性要求的同时,提出对上述问题的解决方法,并作出相应的可靠性验证。
在数据库系统的实现上，本课题采用Microsoft Visual C++6.0作为开发工具,采用COM (Component Object Model,组件对象模型)技术和多线程技术实现系统内不同模块和子系统对数据的访问。并采用模块化的编程方法,方便对系统的维护。
本数据库系统已整合剑变电站SCADA系统中。该系统已应用在多个10KV的中小型变(配)电站中，并且运行稳定。
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system is a computer-based process control and scheduling automation system. It monitors the industrial field equipments, and has the functions that show data acquisition and analysis, equipment operation control and abnormal alarm. SCADA system can be applied in many areas of electricity, petroleum, chemical and metallurgy. Especially in the electric power industry, it used most widely used and mature. As the main sub-system of the energy management system (EMS), SCADA system is the most important data source and the tools for highly efficient data processing and decision-making diagnosis.
As an important module in SCADA system, database is the base of data acquisition, data processing, data storage and the bond of other modules for information sharing. But the traditional relation database ignores the impact of the time factor on transaction processing and scheduling, so it's not suitable for fast processing of the data involved in the SCADA system. For the high real-time requirements of SCADA system, the database should be specially designed.
The database system in this paper is designed for substation SCADA system. First, analyzing the goals to achieve for the substation SCADA systems and the demand for database system, combined with the theoretical basis of the database to determine the characteristics of the design goals. Then, based on the entire framework and architecture of the SCADA system software, describing the functions implemented of the database module. On the basis of the realization of functions, making detailed exposition for various parts of the database. In accordance with the theoretical foundation and the satisfying the function requirements, this paper presents the database model for substation SCADA system. And making a detailed introduction to the basic function of the database, which including data acquisition, equipment control, parameter adjustment, rapid diagnosis, abnormal alarm etc. At last, discussing problem about data sharing of the database and secondary development, which improve the opening access methods of the database.
An integrated design approach will be used in this subject, which the traditional relational database and real-time database were integrated into one framework. In the data processing of the SCADA system, in order to achieve a higher transaction processing efficiency, different affairs will be processed in different databases, according to the time characteristic.
SQL Server2000will be used as the relation database, because of its maturity. What's more SQL Server2000has the characteristic that is high reliability, simple operation, ease of development, etc. At the same time, it also has the special permit of the relational database and is ideal for database system.
The real-time database system uses memory database technology. Memory database ensures the real-time characteristic. At the same time, it brings some new problems, such as and the priority to complicate implements business processing, multiple access database lock mechanism, abnormal cases data recovery etc. This paper will satisfy the real time requirement of the SCADA system with memory database, at the same time, puts forward the method of solution to the problem and makes corresponding reliability verification.
In the realization of database, Microsoft Visual C++6.0will be considered as a real-time database server component development tools. The COM (Component Object Model) and multithreading technology will be used to realize data sharing in different modules and sub-systems. It is convenient for system maintenance and secondary development that system adopts the modular programming method.
This database system has been integrated into the substation SCADA system, this system has been used in some10KV power plants, witch runs stably.
数据库系统作为SCADA系统中的重要模块,是进行数据采集、处理和存储的基础,也是系统中其它模块实现交互的纽带。而传统的关系型数据库在事务的处理和调度上忽略了时间因素的影响,不适合SCADA系统中所涉及的数据快速处理等时间关键型事务的处理。考虑到SCADA系统所要求的较高的实时性,就必须对数据库进行专门的设计。
本文中的数据库系统是基于变电站SCADA系统进行设计和开发的。首先,对于变电站SCADA系统的实现目标和数据库处理需求进行分析,并结合数据库的理论基础和特点确定设计目标。然后,基于整个SCADA系统软件的框架,描述了数据库模块所实现的功能。在此基础之上,对数据库各部分的实现方法进行详实的阐述。同时,提出了针对变电站SCADA系统的数据库系统模型,并对数据库的基本功能,如数据采集、设备控制、参数调节、快速诊断、异常报警等进行了详尽的介绍。
本课题中的数据库系统是采用综合的设计方法,将关系数据库和实时数据库集成于一个框架之中。在SCADA系统的数据处理过程中,数据库系统将事务根据不同的时间特性分别在不同的数据库中进行处理,以实现较高的事务处理效率。
系统中的关系数据库采用的是成熟的SQL Server2000数据库。由于SQLServer2000具有可靠性高、操作简单、易于开发等优点,同时又具有关系数据库的基本特证,非常适用于数据库系统的开发。
系统中的实时数据库则采用了内存型数据库技术。SCADA系统的各种数据和信息的分析与处理都在内存中进行,这为系统实现事务的快速处理提供了保障。当然内存型数据库在保证了SCADA系统实时性的同时也带来了一些新的问题,如对并发实时事务的处理及其优先级、多重访问数据库的锁机制、异常情况下的数据恢复等问题。本文将在利用内存型数据库满足SCADA系统的实时性要求的同时,提出对上述问题的解决方法,并作出相应的可靠性验证。
在数据库系统的实现上，本课题采用Microsoft Visual C++6.0作为开发工具,采用COM (Component Object Model,组件对象模型)技术和多线程技术实现系统内不同模块和子系统对数据的访问。并采用模块化的编程方法,方便对系统的维护。
本数据库系统已整合剑变电站SCADA系统中。该系统已应用在多个10KV的中小型变(配)电站中，并且运行稳定。
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system is a computer-based process control and scheduling automation system. It monitors the industrial field equipments, and has the functions that show data acquisition and analysis, equipment operation control and abnormal alarm. SCADA system can be applied in many areas of electricity, petroleum, chemical and metallurgy. Especially in the electric power industry, it used most widely used and mature. As the main sub-system of the energy management system (EMS), SCADA system is the most important data source and the tools for highly efficient data processing and decision-making diagnosis.
As an important module in SCADA system, database is the base of data acquisition, data processing, data storage and the bond of other modules for information sharing. But the traditional relation database ignores the impact of the time factor on transaction processing and scheduling, so it's not suitable for fast processing of the data involved in the SCADA system. For the high real-time requirements of SCADA system, the database should be specially designed.
The database system in this paper is designed for substation SCADA system. First, analyzing the goals to achieve for the substation SCADA systems and the demand for database system, combined with the theoretical basis of the database to determine the characteristics of the design goals. Then, based on the entire framework and architecture of the SCADA system software, describing the functions implemented of the database module. On the basis of the realization of functions, making detailed exposition for various parts of the database. In accordance with the theoretical foundation and the satisfying the function requirements, this paper presents the database model for substation SCADA system. And making a detailed introduction to the basic function of the database, which including data acquisition, equipment control, parameter adjustment, rapid diagnosis, abnormal alarm etc. At last, discussing problem about data sharing of the database and secondary development, which improve the opening access methods of the database.
An integrated design approach will be used in this subject, which the traditional relational database and real-time database were integrated into one framework. In the data processing of the SCADA system, in order to achieve a higher transaction processing efficiency, different affairs will be processed in different databases, according to the time characteristic.
SQL Server2000will be used as the relation database, because of its maturity. What's more SQL Server2000has the characteristic that is high reliability, simple operation, ease of development, etc. At the same time, it also has the special permit of the relational database and is ideal for database system.
The real-time database system uses memory database technology. Memory database ensures the real-time characteristic. At the same time, it brings some new problems, such as and the priority to complicate implements business processing, multiple access database lock mechanism, abnormal cases data recovery etc. This paper will satisfy the real time requirement of the SCADA system with memory database, at the same time, puts forward the method of solution to the problem and makes corresponding reliability verification.
In the realization of database, Microsoft Visual C++6.0will be considered as a real-time database server component development tools. The COM (Component Object Model) and multithreading technology will be used to realize data sharing in different modules and sub-systems. It is convenient for system maintenance and secondary development that system adopts the modular programming method.
This database system has been integrated into the substation SCADA system, this system has been used in some10KV power plants, witch runs stably.
引文
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[6]文永亮.基于ADO技术的SCADA数据库开发[J].微计算机信息,2008(27)：141-143.
[7]王振明SCADA(监控与数据采集)软件系统的设计与开发[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[8]陈曦明.集控站自动化系统在繁南变电站的应用设计与实施[D].合肥：合肥工业大学,2010.
[9]武素华.基于VC++的变电站自动化系统监控软件的研究与实现[D].镇江：江苏大学,2008.
[10]戴闯.浦东机场中心变电站SCADA系统的解决方案[A].见：面向21世纪智能建筑技术研讨会[C].贵阳：中国自动化学会,2001：53-57.
[11]赵孔燕.变电站监控系统数据采集软件的设计与实现[D].济南：山东大学,2010.
[12]李雪.OPC技术在变电站监控系统中的应用研究[D].济南：山东大学,2012.
[13]宋新航.SCADA系统设计和实现[D].天津：天津大学,2007.
[14]张志鹏.变电站计算机监控系统设计与实现[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2006.
[15]朱松林.变电站计算机监控系统及其应用[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008.
[16]孙丹.变电站监控系统中数据库技术的研究[D].南京：东南大学,2004.
[17]周志逵,江涛.数据库理论与新技术[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2001.
[18]谭浩强.C++面向对象程序设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[19]季玲莉.监控组态软件数据库的研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006.
[20]袁洪涛.电网计算数据库与SCADA数据交换的实现[J].电力系统自动化, 2003(20)：103-104.
[21]文本颖.基于COM技术的SCADA系统数据库设计与实现[J].电网技术,2004(14)：18-22.
[22]McDonald, J.D. Developing and Defining Basic SCADA System Concepts[C]. Rurral Electric Power Conference,1993, Papers Presented at 37th Annual Conference. 1993:B3/1-B3/5.
[23]杨海晶.基于柔性SCADA电网的复杂故障诊断方法研究[D],北京：华北电力大学2009.
[24]马国华.监控组态软件及其应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2001.
[25]李正军.计算机测控系统设计与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
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