基于数据链的武装直升机智能火控技术
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摘要
所谓直升机智能火控系统,就是将人工智能技术与武装直升机火控系统相结合,利用人工智能技术将机载武器火力指挥控制问题进行智能化设计,并以神经网络、模糊控制、遗传算法等为实现基础,以对付现代直升机空战日趋严峻的不确定性和复杂性。本文所设计的基于数据链的直升机智能火控系统,主要围绕四个部分内容展开:即直升机机间数据链系统、直升机对地攻击系统火控系统、直升机空战火控系统、直升机导弹三维智能导引律。
首先,参照第三代短波通信技术系统MTL–STD–188–141B,提出了一种直升机机间数据链的设计方案,并用卡尔曼滤波算法对数据链传输过程中的延迟进行了补偿,用大量的数字仿真验证了该算法的有效性。
其次,进行了基于数据链的直升机协同对地攻击火控系统的研究。首先给出了直升机对地作战决策研究,在此基础上研究了空地武器的作战精度;并利用概率分析方法研究了直升机对地作战效能。在空战火控系统中,研究了直升机空战机动决策,既分析了基于专家系统的战术机动决策,又在此基础上提出了一种基于启发式蚁群算法协同攻击决策方法。以上所有方法均进行了大量的数字仿真,仿真结果也证明了以上诸方法的正确性与有效性。
再次,提出了一种基于规则的自适应滑模导引律,同时,给出了该滑模导引的具体推导,并进行了数字仿真。
最后一部分阐述了在VC++环境中调用Vega实现三维动画仿真的方法,编制了导弹攻击目标的空战和空对地三维动画仿真软件,演示了导弹攻击目标的全过程,生动地验证了导引律的正确性。
The Intelligent Fire Control System of Helicopters is a system which combines Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and Helicopter Fire Control. In this system, based on Fuzzy Control, Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms, the technology of airborne fire control system is devised using AI tec. And this paper mainly works on air-to-air tactics data link, air-to-air and air-to-ground fire control system, and three-dimension intelligent guidance law for air-to-air missile.
Part I, Referring the third Generation HF Link Automation, A scheme of air-to-air tactics data link system is brought forward , And then the delay of the data translation is compensated using Kalman filtering algorithms.
Part II, this part mainly works on the fire control system of helicopter cooperative air-to-ground attack. At first, a method of decision-making is devised; Then the precession of weapon system is studied; Besides we propose a method of the helicopters air-to-ground attack by probability analysis.in the fire control of air-to-air combat, the maneuver decision of helicopter air-to-air combat is studied. Not only the maneuver decision based on the professional system, but also we propose a method of attack decision based on the heuristic ant colony algorithm(HACA). All of above are simulated with MATLAB and C language and proved correct.
Part III, A self-adapt sliding mode guidance based on regulation devised. At the same time,the sliding mode guidance is deduced in detail. And these methods are simulated with MATLAB.
In the end, the method of using Vega engine in Visual C++ environment is discussed. And a 3D animation simulation software is developed to show the process of air-to-air and air-to-ground missile attacking target.
首先,参照第三代短波通信技术系统MTL–STD–188–141B,提出了一种直升机机间数据链的设计方案,并用卡尔曼滤波算法对数据链传输过程中的延迟进行了补偿,用大量的数字仿真验证了该算法的有效性。
其次,进行了基于数据链的直升机协同对地攻击火控系统的研究。首先给出了直升机对地作战决策研究,在此基础上研究了空地武器的作战精度;并利用概率分析方法研究了直升机对地作战效能。在空战火控系统中,研究了直升机空战机动决策,既分析了基于专家系统的战术机动决策,又在此基础上提出了一种基于启发式蚁群算法协同攻击决策方法。以上所有方法均进行了大量的数字仿真,仿真结果也证明了以上诸方法的正确性与有效性。
再次,提出了一种基于规则的自适应滑模导引律,同时,给出了该滑模导引的具体推导,并进行了数字仿真。
最后一部分阐述了在VC++环境中调用Vega实现三维动画仿真的方法,编制了导弹攻击目标的空战和空对地三维动画仿真软件,演示了导弹攻击目标的全过程,生动地验证了导引律的正确性。
The Intelligent Fire Control System of Helicopters is a system which combines Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and Helicopter Fire Control. In this system, based on Fuzzy Control, Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms, the technology of airborne fire control system is devised using AI tec. And this paper mainly works on air-to-air tactics data link, air-to-air and air-to-ground fire control system, and three-dimension intelligent guidance law for air-to-air missile.
Part I, Referring the third Generation HF Link Automation, A scheme of air-to-air tactics data link system is brought forward , And then the delay of the data translation is compensated using Kalman filtering algorithms.
Part II, this part mainly works on the fire control system of helicopter cooperative air-to-ground attack. At first, a method of decision-making is devised; Then the precession of weapon system is studied; Besides we propose a method of the helicopters air-to-ground attack by probability analysis.in the fire control of air-to-air combat, the maneuver decision of helicopter air-to-air combat is studied. Not only the maneuver decision based on the professional system, but also we propose a method of attack decision based on the heuristic ant colony algorithm(HACA). All of above are simulated with MATLAB and C language and proved correct.
Part III, A self-adapt sliding mode guidance based on regulation devised. At the same time,the sliding mode guidance is deduced in detail. And these methods are simulated with MATLAB.
In the end, the method of using Vega engine in Visual C++ environment is discussed. And a 3D animation simulation software is developed to show the process of air-to-air and air-to-ground missile attacking target.
引文
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[2]高为炳.,变结构控制理论基础,北京,中国科学技术出版社,1990:92~198.
[3]钱杏芳,张鸿端,林端雄,导弹飞行力学,北京:北京工业学院出版社,1987:55~68.
[4]Zhou Di, Mu Chundi, Xu Wenli, Adaptive Sliding-Mode Guidance of a Homing Missile, Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, 1999, 22(4):589~594.
[5]贝茨C J,攻击机动目标的最优制导规律,北京,宇航出版社,1989:134~196.
[6]王顺晃,舒迪前,智能控制系统及其应用,北京,机械工业出版社,1995:134~196.
[7]张安,谢建峰,张旗,武装直升机反坦克群攻击效能评估研究,系统工程理论与实践,2000,11:99~104.
[8]邹朝霞,张凌,黄长强,武装直升机火箭武器对地攻击方式效能评估,火力与指挥控制,2000,25(3):31~35.
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[15]黄家成,谢奇峰,基于遗传算法的协同多目标攻击空战决策方法,火力与指挥控制,2004,29(1):49~52.
[16]黄俊,孙义东,武哲,怀进鹏,战斗机对地攻击作战效能分析,北京航空航天大学学报,2002,28(3):354~357.
[17]李二希,导航攻击系统综合效能评估,电光与控制,1991,4:1~15.
[18]范勇,李为民,基于概率分析法的无人攻击机作战效能分析模型研究,现代防御技术,2003,31(6):60~64.
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[23]董彦非,冯惊雷,张恒喜,多机空战仿真协同战术决策方法,系统仿真学报,2002,6:72~76.
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[25]蓝伟华,赵春玲,空对空多机协同攻击多个目标的战术决策研究,火力与指挥控制,1999,Vol.24,No.1:30~33.
[26]张雪梅,无人作战飞机攻击地面目标的研究与应用,[硕士学位论文],西安,西北工业大学,2007.
[27]Zou Qingyuan, Jiang Changsheng, Wu Di, Evolution fuzzy guidance law with self-adaptive region, Transaction of Nanjing University of Aconautics & Astronautics, 2004, 21(3):234~240.
[28]陈国和,16号数据链使用手册,海军司令部通信部等,2000,7:35~67.
[29]常晋,尤临,保小林等,云南省气象网络地面通信系统,气象,2001,Vol.27,No.8:36~39.
[30]刘代军,高晓光,李言俊等,多目标超视距攻击火控系统设计与仿真,系统仿真学报,2000,Vol.12,No.3:248~251.
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[33]Lazarus E, The Application of Value-Driven Decision-Making in Air Combat Simulation, IEEE International Conference on Computational Cybernetics and Simulation, 1997, Vol.3: 2302~2307.
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